JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 1193000 Active (id: 2350730)
果食
【かしょく】

1.

[n]
▶ fruit-eating

History:

4.	A 2025-11-05 20:56:14 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2025-11-05 18:11:33 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 果食 499 果食の 0
	Comments:	I think it only appear in compounds. Not a common word.
	Diff:	@@ -12,3 +12 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> -<gloss>fruit eating</gloss> -<gloss>eating fruit</gloss> +<gloss>fruit-eating</gloss>
2.	A 2020-01-31 20:20:40 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2020-01-31 18:10:32 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,3 @@ -<gloss>living on fruit</gloss> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<gloss>fruit eating</gloss> +<gloss>eating fruit</gloss>

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jmdict 1454190 Active (id: 2350735)
道行き；道行 [io]
【みちゆき】

1.	[n] ▶ going down the road ▶ travelling ▶ traveling
2.	[n] ▶ lyric composition describing scenery a traveler sees on the way (traveller)
3.	[n] ▶ eloping
4.	[n] ▶ coat worn over a woman's kimono

History:

6.	A 2025-11-05 23:00:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, 中辞典
	Diff:	@@ -30 +30 @@ -<gloss>traditional Japanese women's coat</gloss> +<gloss>coat worn over a woman's kimono</gloss>
5.	A* 2025-11-05 17:23:04
	Diff:	@@ -26,0 +27,4 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>traditional Japanese women's coat</gloss>
4.	A 2012-05-29 08:49:39 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2012-05-29 00:34:16 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij
	Comments:	Daij also has a few other senses, mostly rather specific.
	Diff:	@@ -17,1 +17,5 @@ -<gloss>eloping</gloss> +<gloss>travelling</gloss> +<gloss>traveling</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -20,0 +24,4 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>eloping</gloss> +</sense>
2.	A 2010-07-20 22:24:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +9,1 @@ +<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2010-07-20 15:31:48 Scott
	Refs:	広辞苑
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>道行</keb>

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jmdict 1621630 Active (id: 2350715)
赤旗 [news1,nf18]
【あかはた [news1,nf18] ；せっき】

1.	[n] ▶ red flag
2.	[n] ▶ Red Flag (Communist Party newspaper)

History:

2.	A 2025-11-05 10:59:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Koj, Daijr, etc. have it too. Not sure it works for sense 2.
1.	A* 2025-11-05 07:52:22
	Refs:	daijisen
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>せっき</reb> +</r_ele>

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jmdict 1662940 Active (id: 2350706)
胸糞；胸くそ
【むなくそ；むねくそ】

1.

[n]
《negative nuance; usu. as ～(が)悪い》
▶ feeling
▶ mood

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2858001 胸糞悪い 1. disgusting; sickening; revolting; nauseating

2.

[adj-na,n] [col]
▶ disgusting
▶ sickening
▶ revolting

History:

9.	A 2025-11-05 04:31:12 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8.	A* 2025-11-04 23:40:19 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think sense 1 is informal enough for [col]. Most of the kokugos describe it as a rougher or more emphatic form of 胸. Sense 2 is definitely [col]. We don't typically mention the 〜の versions of 〜が... expressions in notes. I think these glosses (and one x-ref) is enough.
	Diff:	@@ -19,3 +19 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1237990">胸糞が悪い</xref> -<misc>&col;</misc> -<s_inf>carries a negative nuance; oft. as ～(が/の)悪い</s_inf> +<s_inf>negative nuance; usu. as ～(が)悪い</s_inf> @@ -23 +20,0 @@ -<gloss>sensation</gloss> @@ -25 +21,0 @@ -<gloss>state of mind</gloss>
7.	A 2025-10-31 23:50:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2025-10-30 14:13:26 Sombrero1
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 胸糞　 │ 19,888 │ 62.7% │ │ 胸くそ │ 11,849 │ 37.3% │ ╰─ーーー─┴────────┴───────╯ ╭─ーーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮ │ 胸糞悪い　　 │ 9,617 │ 56.1% │ │ 胸くそ悪い　 │ 5,697 │ 33.3% │ │ 胸糞の悪い　 │ 575 │ 3.4% │ │ 胸糞が悪い　 │ 503 │ 2.9% │ │ 胸くその悪い │ 387 │ 2.3% │ │ 胸くそが悪い │ 351 │ 2.0% │ ╰─ーーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯ BCCWJ has 9 hits, all of which are in a ～悪い construction. Shinsen: 〘俗語〙気持ち。むねくそ。「━のわるい話」参考：よくない場合に使う。 Sankoku: 〔俗〕気持ち。むねくそ。 Very interestingly Sankoku's 現代新国語辞典 has added a second sense similar to the one just added: １：気分２：（名・形動）［俗に］胸糞が悪い「～なニュース」 Based on that I'm removing the [rare] tag On top of that, massif has a few modern [adj-na] examples https://massif.la/ja/search?q=胸くそな .
	Comments:	Most kokugos have this word. This doesn't mean "chest" I'm not sure [col] quite cuts it, perhaps [vulg] or [sl] would be better?
	Diff:	@@ -18,3 +18,8 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1237990">胸くそが悪い</xref> -<gloss>chest</gloss> -<gloss>breast</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="2858001">胸糞悪い</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1237990">胸糞が悪い</xref> +<misc>&col;</misc> +<s_inf>carries a negative nuance; oft. as ～(が/の)悪い</s_inf> +<gloss>feeling</gloss> +<gloss>sensation</gloss> +<gloss>mood</gloss> +<gloss>state of mind</gloss> @@ -24 +29,2 @@ -<misc>&rare;</misc> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<misc>&col;</misc> @@ -26,0 +33 @@ +<gloss>revolting</gloss>
5.	A 2025-10-29 23:27:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Very marginal.
	Diff:	@@ -23,0 +24 @@ +<misc>&rare;</misc>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)
4.	A* 2025-10-29 16:42:27 Peter Maydell <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	日本国語大辞典
	Comments:	Most dictionaries I checked seem to either not have an entry for this word at all, only for 胸糞が悪い, or to list just the "intensified, negative version of 胸" sense, but 日本国語大辞典 does list the na-adj form. Google ngram corpus stats 胸糞 19888 胸糞悪い 9617 胸糞は 20 胸糞が 2069 胸糞な 56 胸糞の 1070 show that 胸糞悪い, 胸糞が悪い, 胸糞の悪い etc are clearly much more common, but な is in there. Google search throws up examples like 不条理で狂人的で胸糞な小説を探してます実際にあったなんて信じたくもないような衝撃で最大級に胸糞な映画です。人間の胸糞な本質を青春ホラー風にえぐる名作 Side note: our sense 1 could perhaps be improved to try to convey the 強めまたはいやしめていう nuance that the JJ dictionaries seem to agree on, but I have not attempted that here.
	Diff:	@@ -20,0 +21,5 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adj-na;</pos> +<gloss>disgusting</gloss> +<gloss>sickening</gloss>
3.	A 2014-10-27 16:52:03 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	i think this deserves a col or derog or vulg or something
2.	A* 2014-10-27 14:08:54 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ngrams, むねくそ in daijs: "「むなくそ」に同じ。" ngrams 胸くそ 11849 胸糞 19888
	Comments:	daijs: "胸を卑しめていう語" "disgust" is obviously wrong, though 胸糞が悪い may mean disgusting
	Diff:	@@ -4,0 +5,3 @@ +<keb>胸糞</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> @@ -7,3 +10,3 @@ -<k_ele> -<keb>胸糞</keb> -</k_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>むなくそ</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -13,3 +15,0 @@ -<r_ele> -<reb>むなくそ</reb> -</r_ele> @@ -18 +18,3 @@ -<gloss>disgust</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="1237990">胸くそが悪い</xref> +<gloss>chest</gloss> +<gloss>breast</gloss>
1.	A* 2014-10-27 12:54:29
	Comments:	the readings should perhaps be swapped; I suspect むなくそ is the more common one
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>胸くそ</keb> +</k_ele>

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jmdict 2025470 Active (id: 2350681)
法面；のり面
【のりめん】

1.

[n] {civil engineering}
▶ slope
▶ slope face

History:

3.	A 2025-11-05 00:45:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2025-11-05 00:17:14 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, meikyo
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15,3 @@ -<gloss>slope (e.g. of embankment)</gloss> +<field>&civeng;</field> +<gloss>slope</gloss> +<gloss>slope face</gloss>
1.	A 2004-11-17 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2078750 Active (id: 2350708)
込み；込 [sK]
【こみ；コミ [sk] 】

1.

[suf]
▶ including ...
▶ inclusive of ...

2.

[n]
▶ bundling together (items of different size, quality, etc.)
▶ lumping together

3.

[n] [uk,abbr] {go (game)}
《usu. コミ》
▶ komi
▶ [expl] extra points given to the white player as compensation for playing second

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 2867606 逆コミ 1. reverse komi; handicap points for black instead of handicap stones
	⇒ see: 2828835 コミ出し 1. komi; extra points given to the white player as compensation for playing second

History:

24.	A 2025-11-05 04:39:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	On balance, I think [sk] can go back.
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16 @@ -<re_nokanji/> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
23.	A* 2025-11-05 02:39:20 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Sankoku 8e for the non-Go sense: 俗に「コミ」とも。 Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーー─┬─────┬───────╮ │ を込みにして │ 760 │ 88.0% │ │ を込にして　 │ 0 │ 0.0% │ │ をこみにして │ 68 │ 7.9% │ │ をコミにして │ 36 │ 4.2% │ ╰─ーーーーーー─┴─────┴───────╯
	Comments:	It seems コミ is fine for all senses here.
22.	A* 2025-11-04 23:42:41 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	This is not our usual style. コミ only applies to sense 3. I think the previous setup was fine.
21.	A 2025-11-04 06:34:08 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	From discussion in entry 2867606.
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16 @@ -<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> +<re_nokanji/>
20.	A 2025-10-19 22:03:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 19 older log entries)
19.	A* 2025-10-19 11:47:14 Adrian Grana <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	added cross ref and made it comform with other go entries by using "usu." instead of "usu. written as".
	Diff:	@@ -29,0 +30 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2867606">逆コミ</xref> @@ -34 +35 @@ -<s_inf>usu. written as コミ</s_inf> +<s_inf>usu. コミ</s_inf>
18.	A 2023-08-20 23:12:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
17.	A* 2023-08-20 18:28:46 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, meikyo, prog
	Comments:	I don't think it needs to be visible. Added sense.
	Diff:	@@ -9 +9 @@ -<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -16 +16 @@ -<re_nokanji/> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -19 +19,5 @@ -<stagr>こみ</stagr> +<pos>&suf;</pos> +<gloss>including ...</gloss> +<gloss>inclusive of ...</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> @@ -21,3 +25,2 @@ -<pos>&suf;</pos> -<gloss>including</gloss> -<gloss>inclusive of</gloss> +<gloss>bundling together (items of different size, quality, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>lumping together</gloss> @@ -31 +34 @@ -<s_inf>usu. コミ</s_inf> +<s_inf>usu. written as コミ</s_inf>
16.	A* 2023-08-19 11:34:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I've only seen it in cases of dropped 送りがな. I'm not sure it's really needed or useful.
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf>
15.	A* 2023-08-19 07:54:04 Nicolas Maia
	Comments:	Often like this, too.
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>込</keb>
14.	A 2022-08-20 04:00:12 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
13.	A* 2022-08-20 02:29:40 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -23 +23,3 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2828835">コミ出し・コミだし</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2828835">コミ出し</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2828835">コミ出し</xref> +<field>&go;</field> @@ -28 +30 @@ -<gloss g_type="expl">extra points given to the white player as compensation for playing second (in go)</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">extra points given to the white player as compensation for playing second</gloss>
12.	A 2016-03-18 06:37:19 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
11.	A* 2016-03-18 06:30:51 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK
10.	A* 2016-03-17 22:20:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Revoking the split. See discussion on the (deleted) 2828887 entry.
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>コミ</reb> +<re_nokanji/> +</r_ele> @@ -10,0 +15 @@ +<stagr>こみ</stagr> @@ -15,0 +21,9 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="2828835">コミ出し・コミだし</xref> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<misc>&abbr;</misc> +<s_inf>usu. コミ</s_inf> +<gloss>komi</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">extra points given to the white player as compensation for playing second (in go)</gloss> +</sense>
9.	A 2016-03-17 10:20:12 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK, I'll do it.
	Diff:	@@ -10,4 +9,0 @@ -<r_ele> -<reb>コミ</reb> -<re_nokanji/> -</r_ele> @@ -20,8 +15,0 @@ -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<xref type="see" seq="2828835">コミ出し・コミだし</xref> -<misc>&uk;</misc> -<misc>&abbr;</misc> -<gloss>komi</gloss> -<gloss>extra points given to the white player as compensation for playing second (in go)</gloss> -</sense>
8.	A* 2016-03-17 09:30:32 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I propose that we split this into a 込み/こみ/"including" and a コミ/"komi(go)" entry.
	Diff:	@@ -21,0 +22,3 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2828835">コミ出し・コミだし</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2828835">込出し・こみだし</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2828835">込出し・こみだし</xref> @@ -22,0 +26 @@ +<misc>&abbr;</misc>
7.	A 2016-03-16 08:41:45 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	-we have been pretty consistent, i think in using lower case. (i.e., a search for contains "game of go" returns all lower case instances). similar to lower case for "noh", etc.
	Diff:	@@ -24 +24 @@ -<gloss>extra points given to the white player as compensation for playing second (in Go)</gloss> +<gloss>extra points given to the white player as compensation for playing second (in go)</gloss>
6.	A* 2016-03-15 06:42:14 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	jwiki(コミ) has it in katakana
	Comments:	Don't like the word "handicap". The purpose of a komi is to make the game completely even. The purpose of a handicap is to give the weaker player an advantage.
	Diff:	@@ -22 +22,3 @@ -<gloss>handicap given to the white player as compensation for playing second (in Go)</gloss> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>komi</gloss> +<gloss>extra points given to the white player as compensation for playing second (in Go)</gloss>
5.	A* 2016-03-15 00:58:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Reopen.
4.	A 2016-03-15 00:58:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I'll approve to fix an xref, then reopen.
	Diff:	@@ -22 +22 @@ -<gloss>handicap in Go given to the white player as compensation for playing second</gloss> +<gloss>handicap given to the white player as compensation for playing second (in Go)</gloss>
3.	A* 2016-03-14 13:43:42 Scott
	Diff:	@@ -22 +22 @@ -<gloss>handicap in Go</gloss> +<gloss>handicap in Go given to the white player as compensation for playing second</gloss>
2.	A* 2016-03-14 13:37:47 Scott
	Refs:	gg5 wiki daij
	Comments:	wiki has katakana
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>コミ</reb> +<re_nokanji/> +</r_ele> @@ -15,0 +20,4 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>handicap in Go</gloss> +</sense>
1.	A 2006-03-07 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2209950 Active (id: 2350694)

オクトパス

1.

[n]
▶ octopus

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1596910 【タコ】 1. octopus

2.

[n]
▶ octopus (backup second-stage diving regulator)

History:

6.	A 2025-11-05 02:39:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2025-11-05 01:08:39 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://bucho-diver.com/2020/01/09/scuba-diving-octopus/
	Comments:	Sense 2 doesn't appear to be an abbreviation.
	Diff:	@@ -14,3 +14 @@ -<misc>&abbr;</misc> -<gloss>octopus regulator</gloss> -<gloss g_type="expl">alternate second-stage air pressure regulator used as an alternative air source in an emergency</gloss> +<gloss>octopus (backup second-stage diving regulator)</gloss>
4.	A 2019-08-18 21:27:33 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -9 +9 @@ -<misc>&abbr;</misc> +<xref type="see" seq="1596910">タコ</xref> @@ -13,0 +14 @@ +<misc>&abbr;</misc>
3.	A 2015-06-09 20:04:11 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	that's not clear to me
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<gloss g_type="expl">second stage air pressure regulator used as an alternative air source in an emergency</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">alternate second-stage air pressure regulator used as an alternative air source in an emergency</gloss>
2.	A* 2015-05-16 09:01:24
	Comments:	not versed in diving vocabulary but I reckon the first 'alternate' is redundant
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<gloss>alternate 2nd stage air pressure regulator used as an alternate air source in an emergency</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">second stage air pressure regulator used as an alternative air source in an emergency</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A 2007-10-06 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2255910 Active (id: 2350717)
比喩表現
【ひゆひょうげん】

1.

[n]
▶ figurative expression
▶ metaphorical expression

History:

2.	A 2025-11-05 11:05:14 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think this is a linguistic term.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +11,0 @@ -<field>&ling;</field>
1.	A 2008-02-05 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2394710 Active (id: 2359398)
無いと [sK]
【ないと】

1.

[exp] [abbr,col]
《at sentence end; after the -nai stem of a verb or adjective》
▶ have to (do, be)
▶ must (do, be)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2394660 【ないといけない】 1. have to (verb); must (verb)

2.

[exp] [abbr,col]
《at sentence end; after the -nai stem of a verb or adjective》
▶ is indispensable
▶ is absolutely necessary

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2394660 【ないといけない】 2. is indispensable; absolutely necessary

History:

13.	A 2026-02-03 05:37:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Remove uk tags -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -16 +15,0 @@ -<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -26 +24,0 @@ -<misc>&uk;</misc>
12.	A 2025-11-11 05:12:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	There's another reason for retaining the [uk] tags. In the text-glossing function in WWWJDIC (and possibly other apps), the [uk] tag is used to identify kana-only entries where the kana form is used to assist the parsing of text. If the [uk] is removed from entries where all the kanji forms are tagged as [sK], this function would have to be extended to include this extra analysis. While not impossible, it's more work just to keep the system going. Easier to leave the [uk] tags as a signal, as they have been for many years. I'll close this now, leaving the [uk] n place.
11.	A* 2025-11-07 10:16:57 Sombrero1
	Comments:	I get that they are different tagsets. And frankly I'm not avid for having these [uk] tags removed, but I think for consistency's sake it should be decided whether they stay or not. Since per the github issue by parfait it seemed to me they would no longer stay.
10.	A* 2025-11-05 05:20:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I see them as independent tagsets. Sure, if all the kanji forms are [sK] then the [uk] is automatic, but the tagging is done on different, albeit related, criteria. FWIW, in WWWJDIC I drop the [uk] tag when all the kanji forms are [sK].
9.	A* 2025-11-04 09:38:20 Sombrero1
	Refs:	https://github.com/JMdictProject/JMdictIssues/issues/152
	Comments:	I didn't notice them in the ないといけない entry, I think they should be removed too. We should stay consistent with the issue solutions, there's really no point in having them if the user doesn't see any kanji forms and the developers manage their end as well. And if you e.g. search for ないと on sites like jisho it just looks odd, having a note "usually only in kana" with no kanji form visible. https://four.jisho.org/search?keyword=無いと
(show/hide 8 older log entries)
8.	A 2025-11-04 00:06:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think the [uk] should stay, as in ないといけない. Yes, the "-nai stem is a bit tautological.
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -24,0 +26 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
7.	A* 2025-10-29 15:54:18 Sombrero1
	Refs:	Sankoku ＢＣＣＷＪ：｛無い［ナイ］　〚節単位末から２語〛；と〚節単位末から１語〛｝＝０｛ない〚節単位末から２語〛；と〚節単位末から１語〛｝＝６３ＣＳＪ・現代話し言葉：｛無い［ナイ］　〚節単位末から２語〛；と〚節単位末から１語〛｝＝０｛ない〚節単位末から２語〛；と〚節単位末から１語〛｝＝３７７ＣＥＪＣ・日常会話：｛無い［ナイ］　〚節単位末から２語〛；と〚節単位末から１語〛｝＝０｛ない〚節単位末から２語〛；と〚節単位末から１語〛｝＝３５１ Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーー─┬────────────┬───────╮ │ 無いと │ 3,356,306 │ 3.7% │duplicates │ ないと │ 86,385,069 │ 96.3% │ ╰─ーーー─┴────────────┴───────╯ ╭─ーーーーーーー─┬───────────┬───────╮ │ 無いといけない │ 7,444 │ 0.2% │ │ ないといけない │ 4,815,020 │ 99.8% │ ╰─ーーーーーーー─┴───────────┴───────╯ .
	Comments:	The kanji form is definitely [rK]. I suggest hiding it, we already have it hidden in the ないといけない entry. Dropping the [uk] tags accordingly. Sankoku calls it a particle. Adjectives need to be mentioned as well, neither this nor its full form are limited to verbs. Aligning the glosses for that is rather simple. As for having "-nai stem", I also think it's quite tautological, but at the same time it stays in line with what we've been doing so far. I'm a bit concerned whether using "-nai stem" for both (adjectives and verbs) is a somewhat problematic here, since it'd usually refer to 未然形, but it should be fine. The note would get ugly otherwise If this passes I'd gradually align related entries.
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -13 +13,0 @@ -<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -16,3 +16,3 @@ -<s_inf>after the -nai stem of a verb</s_inf> -<gloss>have to (verb)</gloss> -<gloss>must (verb)</gloss> +<s_inf>at sentence end; after the -nai stem of a verb or adjective</s_inf> +<gloss>have to (do, be)</gloss> +<gloss>must (do, be)</gloss> @@ -22,0 +23,3 @@ +<misc>&abbr;</misc> +<misc>&col;</misc> +<s_inf>at sentence end; after the -nai stem of a verb or adjective</s_inf> @@ -24 +27 @@ -<gloss>absolutely necessary</gloss> +<gloss>is absolutely necessary</gloss>
6.	A 2025-10-18 00:25:14 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2025-10-17 20:51:08 Sean McBroom <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	20 notes use "-nai stem" 9 notes use "negative base"
	Comments:	This is the usual style.
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16 @@ -<s_inf>after negative base of verb</s_inf> +<s_inf>after the -nai stem of a verb</s_inf>
4.	A 2025-08-21 03:09:31 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	ないと行けない is tagged [sK] in the referenced entry.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2394660">ないと行けない・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2394660">ないといけない・1</xref> @@ -22 +22 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2394660">ないと行けない・2</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2394660">ないといけない・2</xref>
3.	A 2015-05-14 21:12:36 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16,2 @@ -<gloss>(after negative base of verb) have to (verb)</gloss> +<s_inf>after negative base of verb</s_inf> +<gloss>have to (verb)</gloss>
2.	A 2010-06-23 00:29:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,2 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2394660">ないと行けない</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2394660">ないと行けない・1</xref> +<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -14,1 +15,0 @@ -<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -21,0 +21,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2394660">ないと行けない・2</xref>
1.	A 2008-06-29 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2426070 Active (id: 2350732)

フリーメール；フリー・メール

1.

[n] {Internet} Source lang: eng(wasei) "free mail"
▶ free email service

History:

3.	A 2025-11-05 21:32:04 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<field>&internet;</field> @@ -13 +14 @@ -<gloss>free e-mail service</gloss> +<gloss>free email service</gloss>
2.	A 2013-05-11 10:31:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update. -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>フリー・メール</reb>
1.	A 2009-02-17 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2443940 Active (id: 2350726)
果食動物
【かしょくどうぶつ】

1.

[n] {zoology}
▶ frugivore

History:

2.	A 2025-11-05 18:06:25 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, RP
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<field>&zool;</field>
1.	A 2009-05-24 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2824170 Active (id: 2350704)
イスラム国；イスラーム国 [sK]
【イスラムこく】

1.

[n]
▶ Islamic State
▶ IS
▶ Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
▶ ISIS
▶ Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
▶ ISIL

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2827889 ＩＳＩＬ【アイシル】 1. ISIL; Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
	⇐ see: 2867773 ＩＳＩＳ【アイシス】 1. ISIS; Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
	⇐ see: 2835784 ＩＳ【アイ・エス】 1. Islamic State; IS; Daesh

History:

9.	A 2025-11-05 04:29:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State
	Comments:	OK
	Diff:	@@ -18,3 +17,0 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -23,3 +19,0 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos>
8.	A* 2025-11-05 01:48:15 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	These are three different names for the same group. It's one sense.
7.	A* 2025-11-03 10:09:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6.	A 2025-11-03 10:09:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	イスラム国 6849 94.2% イスラーム国 422 5.8% - sK イスラムこく 0 0.0% イスラームこく 0 0.0%
	Comments:	Should be 3 senses. Can't see a case for [sens]. I'll approve to enable xrefs, then reopen.
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -12,5 +12,0 @@ -<re_restr>イスラム国</re_restr> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>イスラームこく</reb> -<re_restr>イスラーム国</re_restr> @@ -20 +15,0 @@ -<misc>&sens;</misc> @@ -22,0 +18,3 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -24,0 +23,3 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos>
5.	A* 2025-11-02 09:01:07
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISIL#表記の混在と名称変更に対する動き https://nlab.itmedia.co.jp/cont/articles/3241553/ https://www.kinyobi.co.jp/kinyobinews/2015/03/09/イスラム教徒から自粛要請が多数――どうする、/ https://nagoyamosque.com/3107.html
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +20 @@ +<misc>&sens;</misc>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)
4.	A 2014-09-25 22:47:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I'll add it. イスラーム is fairly common.
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>イスラーム国</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -8,0 +12,5 @@ +<re_restr>イスラム国</re_restr> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>イスラームこく</reb> +<re_restr>イスラーム国</re_restr>
3.	A* 2014-09-25 14:46:53 Marcus Richert
	Refs:	also appears as イスラーム国 (in enwiki for example, but on google.news it only gets 8 hits compared to イスラム国's 57,600). separate entry? or just skip it?
2.	A 2014-09-20 00:12:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2014-09-19 23:53:47 Marcus Richert

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jmdict 2827889 Active (id: 2350702)
ＩＳＩＬ
【アイシル】

1.

[n]
▶ ISIL
▶ Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2824170 イスラム国 1. Islamic State; IS; Islamic State of Iraq and Syria; ISIS; Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant; ISIL

History:

4.	A 2025-11-05 04:26:05 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,3 +12,3 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2824170">イスラム国・3</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="2824170">イスラム国・3</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="2824170">イスラム国・3</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2824170">イスラム国・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2824170">イスラム国・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2824170">イスラム国・1</xref>
3.	A 2025-11-03 10:11:53 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12,2 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2824170">イスラム国・1</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="2824170">イスラム国・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2824170">イスラム国・3</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2824170">イスラム国・3</xref>
2.	A 2015-12-03 11:57:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2015-12-03 10:42:46 Marcus Richert
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISIL + some limited use in the media (イスラム国 seems to be the most prevalent form)

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jmdict 2837050 Active (id: 2350739)
大ナマズ；大鯰
【オオナマズ (nokanji)；おおなまず】

1.

[n] [uk] {Japanese mythology}
▶ ōnamazu (giant catfish thought to cause earthquakes)

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2837051 鯰絵【なまずえ】 1. woodblock print depicting a giant catfish (popular in Edo after the 1855 earthquake)

History:

4.	A 2025-11-05 23:59:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2025-11-05 23:40:38 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/大鯰 >> 大鯰（おおなまず）は、… https://dic.pixiv.net/a/大鯰 >> 大鯰おおなまず https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namazu >> In Japanese mythology, the Namazu (鯰) or Ōnamazu (大鯰) is a giant underground catfish who causes earthquakes. Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬───────╮ │ 大ナマズ　 │ 5,401 │ │ 大鯰　　　 │ 1,778 │ │ だいナマズ │ 0 │ │ だいなまず │ 0 │ │ おおなまず │ 1,196 │ │ オオナマズ │ 7,601 │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -11,2 +11,2 @@ -<reb>だいナマズ</reb> -<re_restr>大ナマズ</re_restr> +<reb>オオナマズ</reb> +<re_nokanji/> @@ -15,2 +15 @@ -<reb>だいなまず</reb> -<re_restr>大鯰</re_restr> +<reb>おおなまず</reb> @@ -20 +19,3 @@ -<gloss>giant catfish (mythological being thought to cause earthquakes)</gloss> +<field>&jpmyth;</field> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>ōnamazu (giant catfish thought to cause earthquakes)</gloss>
2.	A 2018-11-13 19:26:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2018-11-11 09:39:39 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	g ng 大ナマズ 5401 大鯰 1778 mentioned in daijs 鯰江 entry and their ナマズ entry as well

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jmdict 2844846 Active (id: 2350680)
実飲
【じついん】

1.

[n,vs,vt]
▶ trying (a drink) for oneself

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2770900 実食 1. trying (a food) for oneself; eating (a new product, renowned dish, etc.)

Conjugations

History:

6.	A 2025-11-05 00:45:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2025-11-05 00:09:23 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Styled after 実食.
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<gloss>tasting a drink that one has heard of before</gloss> +<gloss>trying (a drink) for oneself</gloss>
4.	A 2025-05-01 09:49:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Reverting to the previous gloss. An edit like that needs reasons/references.
	Diff:	@@ -15,2 +15 @@ -<gloss>tasting (a drink)</gloss> -<gloss>actually drinking</gloss> +<gloss>tasting a drink that one has heard of before</gloss>
3.	A* 2025-04-20 12:01:53
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos> @@ -15 +16,2 @@ -<gloss>tasting a drink that one has heard of before</gloss> +<gloss>tasting (a drink)</gloss> +<gloss>actually drinking</gloss>
2.	A 2020-06-03 12:03:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Aligning. I suspect it's a bit colloquial.
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<gloss>actually tasting a drink that one has heard of before</gloss> +<gloss>tasting a drink that one has heard of before</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2020-05-22 09:01:38 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://めざポジ.club/post-203/ https://twitter.com/search?q=実飲&src=typed_query
	Comments:	実飲 1469 Just saw someone use this on Instagram

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jmdict 2849915 Active (id: 2350714)
非代替性トークン
【ひだいたいせいトークン】

1.

[n] {computing}
▶ non-fungible token
▶ NFT

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 2851407 ＮＦＴ 1. non-fungible token; NFT

History:

4.	A 2025-11-05 10:43:41 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Daijs redirects to NFT.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2851407">ＮＦＴ</xref>
3.	A 2021-07-16 20:50:19 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Not really a finance term.
	Diff:	@@ -13 +12,0 @@ -<field>&finc;</field>
2.	A 2021-07-15 06:15:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/非代替性トークン
	Comments:	Heaps of WWW hits, as expected.
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +15 @@ +<gloss>NFT</gloss>
1.	A* 2021-07-15 06:01:50 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	wiki

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jmdict 2851407 Active (id: 2350713)
ＮＦＴ
【エヌ・エフ・ティー；エヌエフティー [sk] 】

1.

[n] {computing}
▶ non-fungible token
▶ NFT

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 2849915 非代替性トークン 1. non-fungible token; NFT

History:

5.	A 2025-11-05 08:25:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2025-11-05 05:38:41
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2849915">非代替性トークン</xref>
3.	A 2023-03-16 05:14:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Reformat initialsms -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@ +<reb>エヌ・エフ・ティー</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> @@ -8,0 +12 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
2.	A 2021-11-05 01:04:12 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2021-11-04 23:09:02 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/b0f9561c482d 929c98986ff9f34f5508dac090fd on the list of 『新語・流行語大賞』ノミネート30語

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jmdict 2867606 Active (id: 2350709)
逆コミ；逆込み
【ぎゃくこみ】

1.

[n] {go (game)}
▶ reverse komi
▶ [expl] handicap points for black instead of handicap stones

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 2078750 【コミ】 3. komi; extra points given to the white player as compensation for playing second
	⇒ see: 1788640 置き石 3. handicap stone

History:

11.	A 2025-11-05 04:42:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think this is OK. I don't mind an xref being to a search only form.
10.	A* 2025-11-04 23:46:31 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	コミ is a hidden reading on that entry because it only applies to one sense. Unless there's a technical reason that we can't x-ref to a hidden form, I don't see a problem with it.
9.	A 2025-11-04 06:33:43 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I'll set up Jim's suggestion. But if こみ is objectionable in the x-ref here, my preference would be to use 込み instead and keep コミ hidden in that entry.
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2078750">こみ・3</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2078750">コミ・3</xref>
8.	A* 2025-11-03 06:17:09 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think my preference would be to drop the [sk] from コミ in 2078750, and make the xref here point to コミ. I don't mind that sense having both the note and the [uk] tag.
7.	A* 2025-11-03 05:34:20 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	My JMdict parser alerts me when cross-references are made to hidden forms. So when a form like へたの横好き got the [sK] tag added to it, I knew to go update the reference in the 横好き entry to point to "下手の横好き" instead. I could add a whitelist to my parser to silence the alerts for entries that don't need attention, but the idea leaves a somewhat bad taste in my mouth. Right now there aren't any x-refs to search-only forms in JMdict. I think having a "usually kana" tag and a "usually コミ" note on the same sense is mostly redundant and a bit distracting anyway.
(show/hide 6 older log entries)
6.	A* 2025-11-03 02:15:02 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I know that コミ is only an sk form on the 込み entry but is there an issue with using コミ in the x-ref here? It's mentioned in a note on the linked sense.
5.	A 2025-10-31 20:06:34 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://www.edrdg.org/wiki/Editorial_policy.html#Search-only_Forms
	Comments:	込み is the normal kanji form for this sense of "コミ" and I think it's useful to keep it visible. Doesn't fit our usual policy for [sK] forms.
	Diff:	@@ -9 +8,0 @@ -<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -16 +15 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2078750">コミ・3</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2078750">こみ・3</xref>
4.	A 2025-10-31 06:19:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2025-10-30 18:12:12
	Diff:	@@ -19 +18,0 @@ -<misc>&uk;</misc>
2.	A 2025-10-20 02:38:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	逆コミ 773 95.9% 逆込み 33 4.1% - in EIjiro
	Comments:	Note is not needed.
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -19 +19,0 @@ -<s_inf>usu. 逆コミ</s_inf>
1.	A* 2025-10-19 11:44:57 Adrian Grana <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://senseis.xmp.net/?ReverseKomi https://www.godictionary.net/term/gyakukomi.html
	Comments:	I think 置き石 is a sensible reference as its another form of handicap for black. please check if 逆込み exists, I don't think I've ever seen that. I don't think it counts as abbreviation either but Ill leave that to you.

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jmdict 2867676 Active (id: 2350707)
肩付き
【かたつき】

1.

[n]
▶ bearing of the shoulders
▶ shape of the shoulders

History:

2.	A 2025-11-05 04:33:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Quiet
1.	A* 2025-10-25 20:05:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 肩付き 912

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jmdict 2867728 Active (id: 2350701)
動作確認
【どうさかくにん】

1.

[n] {computing}
▶ validation
▶ operation check
▶ checking operation
▶ functionality testing

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2867727 動確【どうかく】 1. validation; operation check; checking operation; functionality testing

History:

2.	A 2025-11-05 03:00:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Quiet
1.	A* 2025-10-30 04:40:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	動作確認 623368 GG5, 英和コンピューター用語辞典

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jmdict 2867766 Active (id: 2350757)

ソシオメトリック

1.

[adj-f]
▶ sociometric

History:

4.	A 2025-11-06 06:35:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ソシオメトリー 1757 ソシオメトリック・テスト 483 ソシオメトリックテスト 230 ソシオメトリック 183
	Comments:	There are more common ソシオメトリックXXX compounds. Probably best to trim back to that form - that way text analysis will be possible.
	Diff:	@@ -5,4 +5 @@ -<reb>ソシオメトリックステータス</reb> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>ソシオメトリック・ステータス</reb> +<reb>ソシオメトリック</reb> @@ -11,3 +8,2 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> -<field>&psych;</field> -<gloss>sociometric status</gloss> +<pos>&adj-f;</pos> +<gloss>sociometric</gloss>
3.	A* 2025-11-05 00:49:33 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Less than 200 Google hits. You can find katakana-ized versions of countless English technical terms. This one is exceedingly rare. I don't think it's needed.
2.	A 2025-11-03 23:55:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Rather rare.
1.	A* 2025-11-01 18:02:28
	Refs:	https://www.sometics.com/ja/社会測定ステータス https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270155524_Speech_production_process_within_a_small-group_conversation_Focusing_on_communication_participation_styles https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociometric_status https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/happiness_is_about_respect_not_riches

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jmdict 2867769 Active (id: 2350733)
倍々ゲーム；倍倍ゲーム
【ばいばいゲーム】

1.	[n] ▶ game in which the points (or prize) double with each win
2.	[n] ▶ exponential increase ▶ rapidly multiplying growth

History:

4.	A 2025-11-05 22:49:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2025-11-05 11:03:38 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs: また比喩的に、業績などが決算期ごとに大きく伸びること。「倍倍ゲームで売り上げを伸ばす」 https://business.ntt-east.co.jp/bizdrive/column/dr00031-001.html 過去最悪！倍々ゲームで増え続けるサイバー攻撃 https://brasilnippou.com/ja/articles/220705-14brasil サル痘感染者が倍々ゲームで激増
	Comments:	Added sense.
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15,6 @@ -<gloss>game in which points double with each win</gloss> +<gloss>game in which the points (or prize) double with each win</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>exponential increase</gloss> +<gloss>rapidly multiplying growth</gloss>
2.	A 2025-11-03 06:40:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2025-11-02 00:52:36 Joe Murray
	Refs:	倍倍ゲーム 1685 13.9% 倍々ゲーム 10441 86.1% daijs https://kotobank.jp/word/倍倍げーむ-687101#w-687101
	Comments:	not sure if there is a better English term for this

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jmdict 2867770 Active (id: 2350705)
櫛溝；クシ溝 [sK]
【くしみぞ】

1.

[n]
▶ fins (of a fountain pen feed)
▶ comb feed

History:

4.	A 2025-11-05 04:30:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK
3.	A* 2025-11-05 01:23:59 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://www.gouletpens.com/blogs/fountain-pen-blog/anatomy-of-a-fountain-pen?srsltid=AfmBOopks31bNpzL5TeRmpEmk6fhOq_ksO1OxGGzNJmHCF8F-83clAvH https://endlesspens.com/blogs/endless-journal/how-does-a-fountain-pen-feed-work?srsltid=AfmBOopFe0tSb7yd6uY40W_Wzf0XUGTeXiFW8oNC2YFr_hROLOtCITR2
	Comments:	It seems they're most commonly referred to as "fins". Plenty of hits for クシ溝.
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>クシ溝</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -12 +16,2 @@ -<gloss>comb feed (fountain pen)</gloss> +<gloss>fins (of a fountain pen feed)</gloss> +<gloss>comb feed</gloss>
2.	A 2025-11-03 06:52:53 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountain_pen 櫛溝 21
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>fins, feed, or comb feed of a fountain pen</gloss> +<gloss>comb feed (fountain pen)</gloss>
1.	A* 2025-11-02 02:37:09 Ben Bullock <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	E.g. for the Japanese term: https://eiharublog.com/fountain-pen-basic/#index_id10 For the English equivalent: https://www.straightdope.com/21342098/what-are-the-fins-on-a-fountain-pen-for
	Comments:	I could not find a straight translation reference.

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jmdict 2867771 Active (id: 2350734)
捨てアド
【すてアド】

1.

[n] [col] {Internet}
▶ disposable email address
▶ throwaway email address
▶ temporary email address
▶ burner email address

History:

4.	A 2025-11-05 22:57:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2025-11-05 21:31:20 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr: 俗に
	Comments:	These are all the terms in common use. I think the meaning is clear enough.
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13,4 @@ +<misc>&col;</misc> +<gloss>disposable email address</gloss> +<gloss>throwaway email address</gloss> +<gloss>temporary email address</gloss> @@ -14,2 +17,0 @@ -<gloss>email address not associated with one's name</gloss> -<gloss>disposable email address</gloss>
2.	A 2025-11-04 10:32:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	捨てアド 32701
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13,2 @@ +<gloss>burner email address</gloss> +<gloss>email address not associated with one's name</gloss>
1.	A* 2025-11-02 08:08:41
	Refs:	daijr

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jmdict 2867772 Active (id: 2350687)
テーザー銃；テイザー銃 [sK]
【テーザーじゅう】

1.

[n]
▶ Taser

History:

3.	A 2025-11-05 01:25:34 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Plenty of web hits.
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>テイザー銃</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2.	A 2025-11-03 05:54:28 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	KOD
1.	A* 2025-11-02 08:46:53 GM <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	テーザー銃 448 daijr https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/テーザー銃
	Comments:	Heard it on the news.

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jmdict 2867773 Active (id: 2350703)
ＩＳＩＳ
【アイシス】

1.

[n]
▶ ISIS
▶ Islamic State of Iraq and Syria

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2824170 イスラム国 1. Islamic State; IS; Islamic State of Iraq and Syria; ISIS; Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant; ISIL

History:

3.	A 2025-11-05 04:26:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,3 +12,3 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2824170">イスラム国・2</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="2824170">イスラム国・2</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="2824170">イスラム国・2</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2824170">イスラム国・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2824170">イスラム国・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2824170">イスラム国・1</xref>
2.	A 2025-11-03 10:10:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12,2 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2824170">イスラム国・1</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="2824170">イスラム国・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2824170">イスラム国・2</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2824170">イスラム国・2</xref>
1.	A* 2025-11-02 08:47:30
	Refs:	https://kotobank.jp/word/4あいえすあいえす-1689676

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jmdict 2867778 Active (id: 2350688)

キータイプ

1.

[n,vs,vt,vi] Source lang: eng(wasei) "key type"
▶ typing (on a keyboard)

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2025-11-05 01:27:47 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think it's computing jargon.
	Diff:	@@ -10 +10,2 @@ -<field>&comp;</field> +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> @@ -12 +13 @@ -<gloss>typing on a keyboard</gloss> +<gloss>typing (on a keyboard)</gloss>
2.	A 2025-11-03 10:26:23 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	キータイプ 9723
1.	A* 2025-11-02 16:15:40
	Comments:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettext 読みやすさやキータイプの手間を省くため gettextには通常 _ のエイリアスが付けられる。 https://freesoft-100.com/pasokon/typing.html ソフト自体は新しいものではないのですが、Windows 10 でも動作し、キータイプの基本となるホームポジションのタイピング練習ができるやわらかな雰囲気が魅力です。 https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/日本語の一人称代名詞漏れ（もれ） [...] 「俺も俺も」とキータイプする際の誤変換が由来という説がある。 https://turugiri.com/syakaijin-heikin-type/ 社会人の平均キータイプ数は毎秒何文字？タイピング速度向上のコツ

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jmdict 2867782 Active (id: 2350737)

ツーバス；ツー・バス

1.

[n] Source lang: eng(wasei) "two bass"
▶ double bass (drum setup with two bass drums)

History:

6.	A 2025-11-05 23:01:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK
5.	A* 2025-11-05 20:27:19 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://gakkikaitori.co.jp/column/two-bass/ ツーバスは2つのバスドラムを使い、それぞれのペダルで音を出すのに対し、ツインペダルは1つのバスドラムに2つのペダルを取り付ける方法です。 https://drum-hakase.com/6871/ 「ツインペダル」は1つのワンバスで「ツーバス」のように演奏できるキックペダルを指します。
	Comments:	In English, yes, but ツーバス refers only to a setup with two bass drums.
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>double bass (drum setup with two pedals)</gloss> +<gloss>double bass (drum setup with two bass drums)</gloss>
4.	A* 2025-11-05 02:44:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Wiki article: "A double bass drum pedal operates much the same way as a single bass drum pedal does, but with a second footplate controlling a second beater on the same drum. Most commonly this is attached by a shaft to a remote beater mechanism alongside the primary pedal mechanism.One notable exception to this pattern is the symmetrical Sleishman twin bass drum pedal. Original Sleishman twin pedal Alternatively, some drummers opt for two separate bass drums with a single pedal on each, for a similar effect."
	Comments:	Looks like it can be both.
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>double bass (drum setup)</gloss> +<gloss>double bass (drum setup with two pedals)</gloss>
3.	A* 2025-11-05 01:41:40 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Two bass drums, not just two pedals. We don't use [music] for instruments.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +11,0 @@ -<field>&music;</field> @@ -14,2 +13 @@ -<gloss>double bass drum</gloss> -<gloss>bass drum with two pedals</gloss> +<gloss>double bass (drum setup)</gloss>
2.	A 2025-11-03 06:31:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_drum
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +15 @@ +<gloss>bass drum with two pedals</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2025-11-03 03:13:16 buryoutougen
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ダブル・ベース・ドラム https://kotobank.jp/word/ばすどらむ-3216102#w-813587

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jmdict 2867783 Active (id: 2350692)

ダサダサ；ださださ

1.

[adj-na] [sl]
▶ lame
▶ uncool
▶ unstylish

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1007390 ダサい 1. uncool; lame; unfashionable; unstylish; tacky; tasteless; ugly; corny; pathetic (behaviour); sad

History:

3.	A 2025-11-05 02:16:52 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think it's an adverb.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<pos>&adv;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1007390">ダサい</xref> @@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<gloss>unstylish</gloss>
2.	A 2025-11-03 06:19:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2025-11-03 04:12:00 Joe Murray
	Refs:	ダサダサ 31722 82.3% ださださ 6833 17.7% http://zokugo-dict.com/16ta/dasadasa.htm https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ダサダサ https://imidas.jp/ryuko/detail/N-05-2-066-93.html

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jmdict 2867784 Active (id: 2350697)
湯桶
【ゆおけ】

1.

[n]
▶ bucket used for bathing

History:

2.	A 2025-11-05 02:41:15 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	湯桶 25,344 - also ゆとう湯おけ 18,963
	Comments:	GG5 has "bathtub" but it doesn't match the kokugos' definitions.
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12 @@ -<gloss>bucket for holding bathwater</gloss> -<gloss>bathtub</gloss> +<gloss>bucket used for bathing</gloss>
1.	A* 2025-11-03 05:53:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, ルミナス,https://kotobank.jp/word/湯桶
	Comments:	Daijisen has a second sense.

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jmdict 2867795 Active (id: 2350684)
目が光る
【めがひかる】

1.

[exp,v5r]
▶ to monitor closely (for rule-breaking, etc.)
▶ to keep a close eye on

Conjugations

History:

2.	A 2025-11-05 00:53:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, etc.
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14 @@ +<gloss>to keep a close eye on</gloss>
1.	A* 2025-11-04 16:02:36
	Refs:	https://kotobank.jp/word/目が光る-642677 https://kotowaza.jitenon.jp/kotowaza/6934.php https://www.jlogos.com/d004/5351711.html

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jmdict 2867796 Active (id: 2350690)
障害者差別
【しょうがいしゃさべつ】

1.

[n]
▶ ableism
▶ disablism
▶ disability discrimination

History:

3.	A 2025-11-05 01:46:39 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	"handicapism" is definitely outdated. I don't think it's a medical term.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +11,0 @@ -<field>&med;</field> @@ -15 +14 @@ -<gloss>handicapism</gloss> +<gloss>disability discrimination</gloss>
2.	A 2025-11-05 00:50:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	医学英和辞典
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<field>&med;</field> @@ -13,0 +15 @@ +<gloss>handicapism</gloss>
1.	A* 2025-11-04 21:08:01
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/障害者差別 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ableism

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jmdict 2867797 Active (id: 2350699)

マテリアライズドビュー；マテリアライズド・ビュー

1.

[n] {computing}
▶ materialized view

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2867798 マテビュー 1. materialized view

History:

2.	A 2025-11-05 02:56:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	マテリアライズドビュー 796 https://www.weblio.jp/content/マテリアライズドビュー https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/マテリアライズドビュー
1.	A* 2025-11-05 02:40:57
	Refs:	https://e-words.jp/w/マテリアライズドビュー.html https://postgresweb.com/post-5173 https://the-simple.jp/what-is-a-materialized-view-easy-to-understand-explanation-of-the-basic-concepts-of-database-optimization https://products.sint.co.jp/siob/blog/oracle-view-mview https://www.ne.jp/asahi/hishidama/home/tech/oracle/mview.html

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jmdict 2867798 Active (id: 2350700)

マテビュー

1.

[n] [abbr] {computing}
▶ materialized view

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2867797 マテリアライズドビュー 1. materialized view

History:

2.

A 2025-11-05 02:56:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>

1.

A* 2025-11-05 02:41:14

Refs:

https://e-words.jp/w/マテリアライズドビュー.html
https://postgresweb.com/post-5173
https://the-simple.jp/what-is-a-materialized-view-easy-to-understand-explanation-of-the-basic-concepts-of-database-optimization
https://products.sint.co.jp/siob/blog/oracle-view-mview
https://www.ne.jp/asahi/hishidama/home/tech/oracle/mview.html

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jmdict 2867799 Active (id: 2350725)

ジャックフルーツ；ジャック・フルーツ [sk]

1.

[n]
▶ jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus)

History:

2.	A 2025-11-05 18:04:47 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2025-11-05 17:05:23
	Refs:	KOD, daijs https://kotobank.jp/word/じやつくふるーつ-3190662 ジャックフルーツ 10072 86.9% ジャック・フルーツ 255 2.2% パラミツ 1262 10.9%

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jmdict 2867800 Active (id: 2350736)

ツインペダル；ツイン・ペダル

1.

[n] Source lang: eng(wasei) "twin pedal"
▶ double bass drum pedal
▶ double kick drum pedal

History:

2.	A 2025-11-05 23:00:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2025-11-05 20:51:45 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://kotobank.jp/word/ついんぺだる-813473#w-813473 https://gakkikaitori.co.jp/column/two-bass/ https://www.soundhouse.co.jp/search/index?search_all=ツインペダル
	Comments:	Appears to be wasei.

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jmnedict 5747442 Deleted (id: 2350724)
国連気候変動枠組条約締約国会議
【こくれんきこうへんどうわくぐみじょうやくていやくこくかいぎ】

1.

[n] [ev]
▶ United Nations Climate Change Conference
▶ COP

History:

3.	D 2025-11-05 18:00:43 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	We already have 気候変動枠組条約締約国会議. I don't think we need this as well.
2.	A* 2025-11-05 12:48:34
	Refs:	https://www.env.go.jp/earth/copcmpcma.html
	Diff:	@@ -5 +5 @@ -<keb>国連気候変動枠組条約第３０回締約国会議</keb> +<keb>国連気候変動枠組条約締約国会議</keb> @@ -8 +8 @@ -<reb>こくりんきこうへんどうわくぐみじょうやくだいさんじゅうかいていやくこくかいぎ</reb> +<reb>こくれんきこうへんどうわくぐみじょうやくていやくこくかいぎ</reb> @@ -14 +14 @@ -<gloss>COP30</gloss> +<gloss>COP</gloss>
1.	A* 2025-11-05 12:37:01
	Refs:	https://www.env.go.jp/press/press_01103.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference

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If you have questions about, problems using, or suggestions for improving this page, please send email to jimbreen@gmail.com.
JMdictDB is an open-source Postgresql database and Python API for managing Japanese dictionary data developed by Stuart McGraw. More information at http://edrdg.org/~smg/. Please report software problems at https://gitlab.com/yamagoya/jmdictdb/issues or email to jmdictdb@mtneva.com.

5.	A 2026-01-19 05:55:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ユニーク 2670902 99.7% ユーニーク 283 0.0% ユニク 7665 0.3%
	Comments:	Found in the wild. Slightly more common.
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,4 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ユニク</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
4.	A 2025-11-05 17:54:28 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Hardly worth keeping that form.
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +15 @@ +<gloss>original</gloss> @@ -16 +16,0 @@ -<gloss>original</gloss>
3.	A* 2025-11-05 15:15:48
	Diff:	@@ -10 +10 @@ -<re_inf>&ik;</re_inf> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
2.	A 2018-02-05 09:21:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ユニーク 2670902 ユーニーク 283
1.	A* 2018-02-04 14:55:22 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij
	Comments:	Not a noun. ユーニーク isn't in the refs.
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10 @@ +<re_inf>&ik;</re_inf> @@ -13 +13,0 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos>

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