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jmdict 1230910 Active (id: 2353186)
旧制 [news1,nf15]
きゅうせい [news1,nf15]
1. [n]
▶ old system
▶ old order
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1361990 新制 1. new system; new order
2. [n] [hist]
▶ pre-World War II education system
▶ prewar education system
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1361990 新制 2. post-World War II education system; postwar education system; new education system



History:
6. A 2025-11-30 00:59:35  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Seems OK this time. My removal was to enable the other updates.
5. A* 2025-11-29 20:29:19  Sombrero1
  Comments:
trying again
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1361990">新制・1</xref>
@@ -20,0 +22 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1361990">新制・2</xref>
4. A 2025-11-29 10:35:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -17 +16,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1361990">新制・1</xref>
@@ -23 +21,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1361990">新制・2</xref>
3. A* 2025-11-29 10:34:40  Sombrero1
  Diff:
@@ -21,0 +22 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1361990">新制・2</xref>
2. A 2025-11-29 06:25:30  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -16,0 +17 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1361990">新制・1</xref>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 1291500 Active (id: 2356031)
[ichi1,news1,nf06] 砂子 [news2,nf28]
すな (砂, 沙) [ichi1,news1,nf06] いさご
1. [n]
▶ sand
▶ grit
▶ fine gravel
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1058570 サンド 1. sand
  ⇐ see: 2846366 砂子【すなご】 2. sand; grit



History:
8. A 2026-01-02 05:56:56  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
It looks a bit odd, but I don't think a split is needed.
7. A* 2025-11-30 10:35:31  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーー─┬───────────┬───────╮
│ 砂  │ 4,193,756 │ 73.5% │
│ 沙  │ 1,311,238 │ 23.0% │
│ 沙子 │   125,166 │  2.2% │Also いさご
│ 砂子 │    77,991 │  1.4% │
╰─ーー─┴───────────┴───────╯
Most kokugos call いさご [古風], some also point to 雅語的.

.
  Comments:
Fine gravel seems fine (no pun intended), but I think いさご should have its own entry. Proposing split
6. A* 2025-11-29 20:23:09  Sean McBroom <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://thegate12.com/jp/article/455
  Comments:
The gravel in a dry-garden is also called 砂 despite being more like gravel than sand. You can deny if you think its too trivial.
  Diff:
@@ -32,0 +33 @@
+<gloss>fine gravel</gloss>
5. A 2020-08-30 06:12:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I think it should be split. It's really stretching the 2/3 rule a lot. I'll do it now.
  Diff:
@@ -18,3 +17,0 @@
-<k_ele>
-<keb>沙子</keb>
-</k_ele>
@@ -30,7 +26,0 @@
-<reb>すなご</reb>
-<re_restr>砂子</re_restr>
-<re_restr>沙子</re_restr>
-<re_pri>news2</re_pri>
-<re_pri>nf28</re_pri>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
@@ -44,6 +33,0 @@
-<sense>
-<stagr>すなご</stagr>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<gloss>gold dust</gloss>
-<gloss>silver dust</gloss>
-</sense>
4. A* 2020-08-21 01:50:43  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Can the すな すなご merger be undone, maybe? 砂子 seems to (almost) always refer to gold/silver dust/flakes (applied to washi 
paper)
(based on google images)
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1292640 Active (id: 2353131)
再現 [news1,nf12]
さいげん [news1,nf12]
1. [n,vs,vi]
▶ reappearance
▶ reemergence
▶ return
▶ revival
2. [n,vs,vt,vi]
▶ reproduction
▶ reenactment
▶ recreation

Conjugations


History:
4. A 2025-11-29 04:30:46  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-11-28 17:34:50  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬───────────┬───────╮
│ 再現  │ 4,955,681 │ 99.4% │
│ 再現の │    28,100 │  0.6% │
╰─ーーー─┴───────────┴───────╯
Shinsen, Sankoku, Smk

.
  Comments:
Transitivity tags
  Diff:
@@ -17 +17 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
@@ -26 +26,2 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
2. A 2017-08-23 23:37:26  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5, etc. (some split)
  Diff:
@@ -19 +19 @@
-<gloss>reproduction</gloss>
+<gloss>reemergence</gloss>
@@ -21,0 +22,6 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&vs;</pos>
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<gloss>reproduction</gloss>
1. A* 2017-08-20 10:18:44  Amen Lernsky <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
eij
  Diff:
@@ -21,0 +22,2 @@
+<gloss>reenactment</gloss>
+<gloss>recreation</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1298910 Active (id: 2353597)
擦る [ichi1] 錯る [rK]
こする [ichi1]
1. [v5r,vt] [uk]
▶ to rub
▶ to scrub
▶ to scrape
2. [v5r,vt] [sl]
▶ to repeatedly reuse (a joke, a topic of conversation, etc.)
▶ to milk
▶ to keep getting mileage out of
3. [v5r,vt] {video games}
《esp. in fighting games》
▶ to mash (a button)
▶ to spam (a move)

Conjugations


History:
8. A 2025-12-05 11:33:28  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Very interesting.
7. A* 2025-11-29 07:04:18  K. Birch <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Sense 2:
https://www.weblio.jp/content/こする(ネット用語)
https://noroue4.hatenablog.com/entry/2020/09/15/212920

Sense 3:
https://gamer2.jp/post/kosuru/

Both 1st and 2nd source note that Sense 2 has origins in comedy, but 2nd source also notes possible semantic conflation/correlation with Sense 3 (repeatedly using a joke and repeatedly hitting a button); 3rd source also mentions the modern slang usage as if it derived from the gaming sense.
  Comments:
Examples of Sense 2 interpreted into English:

ネタを擦り倒す=run a joke into the ground / milk a joke dry
伸びる方を擦る=repeat the formula of whatever goes more viral
この漫画、無限に擦れる=I could reread this manga forever (get infinite mileage/enjoyment out of it)

Sense 3 directly corresponds to the English "to mash" or "to spam".

Both of these extra senses are primarily written in kanji, as 擦る.
  Diff:
@@ -22,0 +23,16 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&v5r;</pos>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<misc>&sl;</misc>
+<gloss>to repeatedly reuse (a joke, a topic of conversation, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>to milk</gloss>
+<gloss>to keep getting mileage out of</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&v5r;</pos>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<field>&vidg;</field>
+<s_inf>esp. in fighting games</s_inf>
+<gloss>to mash (a button)</gloss>
+<gloss>to spam (a move)</gloss>
6. A 2023-02-09 05:15:39  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2023-02-08 22:37:39  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬─────────╮
│ 擦る  │ 109,408 │
│ 錯る  │      53 │ - oK to rK (koj)
│ こする │ 231,349 │
╰─ーーー─┴─────────╯
  Diff:
@@ -10 +10 @@
-<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
4. A 2017-08-31 01:23:49  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1358870 Active (id: 2353185)
伸びる [ichi1] 延びる [ichi1,news2,nf26]
のびる [ichi1,news2,nf26]
1. [v1,vi]
▶ to stretch
▶ to extend
▶ to lengthen
▶ to grow (of hair, height, grass, etc.)
2. [v1,vi]
▶ to straighten out
▶ to be flattened
▶ to become smooth
3. [v1,vi]
▶ to spread (of paint, cream, etc.)
4. [v1,vi]
▶ to stretch out (e.g. of a hand)
▶ to extend
5. [v1,vi]
▶ to lose elasticity
▶ to become slack
▶ to become soggy (e.g. of noodles)
6. (伸びる only) [v1,vi]
▶ to make progress
▶ to develop
▶ to expand
▶ to increase
▶ to improve
7. (伸びる only) [v1,vi]
▶ to be exhausted
▶ to get groggy
▶ to be stunned (by a blow)
▶ to pass out
▶ to collapse
8. (延びる only) [v1,vi]
▶ to be prolonged (of a meeting, life span, etc.)
▶ to be extended (e.g. of a deadline)
▶ to lengthen (e.g. of the days)
9. (延びる only) [v1,vi]
▶ to be postponed
▶ to be delayed
▶ to be put off
10. (伸びる only) [v1,vi]
▶ to gain traction (of an online post, video, etc.)
▶ to get views
▶ to perform well

Conjugations


History:
8. A 2025-11-30 00:57:17  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7. A* 2025-11-29 07:45:59  K. Birch <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
In the common vernacular; there are plenty of Google hits for "動画が伸びる", "ツイートが伸びる", etc.
https://www.google.com/search?q=動画が伸びる
https://www.google.com/search?q=ツイートが伸びる

Sense 10 is already mentioned in Wiktionary as "(of online videos) to accumulate views":
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/伸びる
  Comments:
Usage examples:

もっと伸びてほしい/なんで伸びてないんだ=I want this to get more popular/Why is this not getting more views? [common phrases left in comments]
昨日のショーツ全く伸びてなくて鬱=I'm sad because my YouTube short from yesterday flopped (hardly got any views)

Could be translated as "to go viral" in some situations, but it's probably not suitable to include as a meaning because 伸びる can also refer to gaining only a modest amount of views. The proper analogue to this is バズる.
  Diff:
@@ -88,0 +89,8 @@
+<sense>
+<stagk>伸びる</stagk>
+<pos>&v1;</pos>
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
+<gloss>to gain traction (of an online post, video, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>to get views</gloss>
+<gloss>to perform well</gloss>
+</sense>
6. A 2023-11-19 21:37:36  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs: さんざんなぐられて動けなくなってしまう。ひどく疲れてぐったりする。グロッキーになる。「過労で―・びる」
gg5:〔ぐったりする〕 collapse; get groggy; 夏の暑さに伸びてしまった. I'm groggy from the (summer) heat.
prog: そんなに働いたら伸びてしまうよ You will be 「worn out [exhausted] if you go on working so hard.
luminous: 働きづめの一日のあと彼女はすっかり*伸びてしまった She was completely 「worn out [exhausted] after a hard day's work.
wisdom: be exhausted; 〖気を失う〗【特に頭を打って】be stunned
  Comments:
Given those n-gram counts, I don't think ノビる is worth recording.
Most of my JEs have "exhausted" and/or "groggy". Looks fine to me. Seems to fit the second half of daijs's definition.
  Diff:
@@ -51 +51 @@
-<gloss>to become soggy (e.g. noodles)</gloss>
+<gloss>to become soggy (e.g. of noodles)</gloss>
@@ -68 +68,2 @@
-<gloss>to be groggy</gloss>
+<gloss>to get groggy</gloss>
+<gloss>to be stunned (by a blow)</gloss>
@@ -76,2 +77,2 @@
-<gloss>to be prolonged (meeting, life span, etc.)</gloss>
-<gloss>to be extended (e.g. deadline)</gloss>
+<gloss>to be prolonged (of a meeting, life span, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>to be extended (e.g. of a deadline)</gloss>
5. A* 2023-11-19 04:28:20 
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬───────────┬───────╮
│ 伸びる │ 1,888,419 │ 38.1% │
│ 伸びて │ 2,151,535 │ 43.4% │
│ 延びる │   247,410 │  5.0% │
│ 延びて │   248,328 │  5.0% │
│ のびる │   210,717 │  4.3% │
│ のびて │   200,616 │  4.1% │
│ ノビる │     1,425 │  0.0% │
│ ノビて │     3,909 │  0.1% │
╰─ーーー─┴───────────┴───────╯
  Comments:
sankoku mentions "ノビる" as a form but you'd need to add new restrictions
also i don't think being exhausted or groggy are appropriate for sense 7, the point is that you can't move (from exhaustion)
4. A 2018-04-27 09:30:57  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Well spotted. Thanks.
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1361990 Active (id: 2353149)
新制 [news1,nf20]
しんせい [news1,nf20]
1. [n]
▶ new system
▶ new order
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1230910 旧制 1. old system; old order
2. [n]
▶ post-World War II education system
▶ postwar education system
▶ new education system
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1230910 旧制 2. pre-World War II education system; prewar education system



History:
4. A 2025-11-29 10:39:05  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Try again.
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1230910">旧制・1</xref>
@@ -20,0 +22 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1230910">旧制・2</xref>
3. A* 2025-11-29 10:35:22  Sombrero1
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16,2 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1230910">旧制・1</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1230910">旧制・1</xref>
@@ -20,0 +23,2 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1230910">旧制・2</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1230910">旧制・2</xref>
2. A 2025-11-29 06:26:30  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-28 13:19:47  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 新制  │ 50,875 │ 94.4% │
│ 新制の │  3,012 │  5.6% │
╰─ーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
Meikyo, GendaiRK, GG5
  Comments:
Not adj-no.

Aligning with 旧制
The second senses in both entries should also xref each other. Will apply after approval
  Diff:
@@ -16 +16 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1230910">旧制</xref>
@@ -17,0 +18,7 @@
+<gloss>new order</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>post-World War II education system</gloss>
+<gloss>postwar education system</gloss>
+<gloss>new education system</gloss>

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jmdict 1378530 Active (id: 2353148)
生き延びる [news2,nf47] 生きのびる [sK]
いきのびる [news2,nf47]
1. [v1,vi]
▶ to survive
▶ to live long

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2025-11-29 10:36:35  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-29 07:52:13  GM <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
生き延びる 174,145  86.8% 
生きのびる  25,990  13.0% -sK
いきのびる     480   0.2%
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +11 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>

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jmdict 1389090 Active (id: 2353438)
千摺り [rK] 千擦り [sK]
センズリ (nokanji)せんずり
1. [n] [uk]
▶ (male) masturbation
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1604330 まんずり 1. (female) masturbation
  ⇐ see: 2848094 ズリネタ 1. jack-off material; something to masturbate to
  ⇐ see: 2274610 ズリセン 1. masturbation (male)



History:
8. A 2025-12-03 06:15:34  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I didn't mind it. We often put qualifiers after the main meaning.
7. A* 2025-11-30 23:13:56 
  Comments:
"masturbation (male)" looks weird to me, as if it's saying it's a type of male
  Diff:
@@ -23 +23 @@
-<gloss>masturbation (male)</gloss>
+<gloss>(male) masturbation</gloss>
6. A 2025-11-29 21:09:55  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2025-11-29 17:15:23  parfait8
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 千摺り  │    575 │  3.1% │ add rK
│ 千擦り  │     93 │  0.5% │ add sK
│ センズリ │ 11,805 │ 63.4% │ move up
│ せんずり │  6,150 │ 33.0% │
╰─ーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -8,0 +10 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -10,3 +11,0 @@
-<r_ele>
-<reb>せんずり</reb>
-</r_ele>
@@ -15,0 +15,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>せんずり</reb>
4. A 2014-05-02 04:19:47  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Ngrams, KOD追加語彙
  Comments:
I guess not.
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13,4 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>センズリ</reb>
+<re_nokanji/>
+</r_ele>
@@ -17 +20,0 @@
-<misc>&sl;</misc>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1417040 Active (id: 2353158)
単位 [ichi1,news1,nf03]
たんい [ichi1,news1,nf03]
1. [n]
▶ unit (e.g. meters, grams, etc.)
▶ denomination
2. [n]
▶ unit (i.e. one comprised of many)
▶ group
▶ whole
3. [n]
▶ credit (in school, university, etc.)
▶ point
4. [suf]
《as ~で》
▶ by the ...
▶ in units of ...
▶ in groups of ...
▶ in amounts of ...
▶ each ...
▶ by ...
▶ every...



History:
4. A 2025-11-29 11:21:17  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-11-28 12:22:10  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Shinsen: ❷ある組織を組みたてる基本的な一まとまり。「家族を一━とする」
Meikyo: ❷ある組織などを構成する基本的なひとまとまり。
GG5: 4 〔扱い上のひとまとまり〕 a unit
etc.

Some of the examples of the aforementioned sense also shows the suffix use in our sense 4. 
DOJG has an entry for "単位で":

A phrase that indicates the smallest amount, number or unit of something (or people) involved.
[意味]
By the; in sets/groups/lots/etc. of; in multiples of; each; every

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬───────────┬───────╮
│ 単位  │ 8,102,402 │ 78.9% │
│ 単位で │ 2,169,982 │ 21.1% │
╰─ーーー─┴───────────┴───────╯

.
  Comments:
GG5 has an impressive 4 senses for "unit". I think the first three are represented well enough by our sense one, but the fourth should probably be separate.
FWIW the chunagon search interface also uses "短単位検索"

And the "credit" sense isn't limited to schools.
  Diff:
@@ -18 +18 @@
-<gloss>unit</gloss>
+<gloss>unit (e.g. meters, grams, etc.)</gloss>
@@ -23 +23,8 @@
-<gloss>credit (in school)</gloss>
+<gloss>unit (i.e. one comprised of many)</gloss>
+<gloss>group</gloss>
+<gloss>whole</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>credit (in school, university, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>point</gloss>
@@ -27,2 +34,8 @@
-<gloss>in units of (e.g. "in thousands")</gloss>
-<gloss>in amounts of</gloss>
+<s_inf>as ~で</s_inf>
+<gloss>by the ...</gloss>
+<gloss>in units of ...</gloss>
+<gloss>in groups of ...</gloss>
+<gloss>in amounts of ...</gloss>
+<gloss>each ...</gloss>
+<gloss>by ...</gloss>
+<gloss>every...</gloss>
2. A 2018-12-08 10:03:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Not so sure, but the JEs split up "unit" senses.
1. A* 2018-12-07 10:17:54 
  Refs:
大辞泉 ②
https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=単位+by+the
https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=単位で
  Comments:
ダース単位で, by the dozen
  Diff:
@@ -24,0 +25,5 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&suf;</pos>
+<gloss>in units of (e.g. "in thousands")</gloss>
+<gloss>in amounts of</gloss>
+</sense>

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jmdict 1479920 Active (id: 2354903)
半面 [ichi1,news1,nf05]
はんめん [ichi1,news1,nf05]
1. [conj,prt]
《after the attributive form of a verb or adjective, or the particle の》
▶ while
▶ although
▶ though
▶ but
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1481000 反面 1. while; although; though; but
  ⇐ see: 2829043 半顔【はんがん】 1. half the face
2. [conj]
▶ (but) at the same time
▶ on the other hand
▶ then again
▶ and yet
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1481000 反面 2. (but) on the other hand; at the same time; then again; and yet
  ⇒ see: 1006940 その半面 1. on the other hand; at the same time
3. [n,adj-no] [rare]
▶ half the face
▶ profile
4. [n,adj-no] [rare]
▶ one side
▶ a half
▶ the other side
▶ the reverse
▶ the contrary
▶ the opposite
5. [n,adj-no] [rare]
▶ half the surface (of)



History:
15. A 2025-12-21 07:29:06  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
OK
14. A* 2025-11-30 21:41:50  Sombrero1
  Refs:
https://massif.la/ja/search?q=半面
https://context.reverso.net/translation/japanese-english/半面


Since it kind of got overshadowed before, I'm gonna put the BCCWJ data here once more:

"(4)BCCWJ (Counts in brackets are for 反面):
半面 has 250 counts in total (1069)

Sense one:
{〘活用形=連体形〙}{半面}= 58 (456)
{〘活用形=連体形〙}{半面}{、}= 45 (314)

Sense two:
{、}{半面}= 21 (117)
{、}{半面}{、}= 7 (68)
{。}{半面}=  72 (100)
{。}{半面}{、}= 63 (62)
{〘品詞=連体詞〙}{半面}= 42 (212)
Note that there may be a few missing for the counts with commas, as some of the sentences used , instead of 、.

That's 157 (45 + 7 + 63 + 42) out of 250 hits for conjunctive usage (I didn't use the counts for{。}{半面}and{、}{半面}on purpose, as they could technically include false hits for noun usage). That makes 62.8% of total usage.
Based on that I put the conjunctive senses first, as in the 反面 entry."

.
  Comments:
Both massif and reverso examples show that the conjunctive usage makes up the largest part of total usage.
In case it hasn't been noted yet, the BCCWJ data also supports this.


I get that it's currently only sankoku explicitly marking these senses, but I believe they're on the right track here.
Them also being treated as basically the same grammatical constructs in Brian's Waseda grammar textbook could technically serve as another reference here too.


I think if these two senses were to not lead, we also couldn't reasonably have these [rare] tags on the other senses. Since it's really a comparative rarity and not an absolute one.
And less stark than with 反面 at that.
13. A* 2025-11-29 11:16:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
12. A 2025-11-29 11:16:34  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I've been concerned about those proposed first two senses. After all, they're not in most references. I've come round to accepting them, although I'd be more comfortable if they didn't lead. I'll approve and leave open for a while.
11. A* 2025-11-27 19:35:08  Sombrero1
  Comments:
No worries, I figured that something along those lines had happened.

>So my [2] was the previous [2].  I only meant to say that the grammatical usage was far more common than all of these [rare] noun senses, and this term is not itself [rare]. Right now it looks like it is.

Thanks

>So, yes, to be clear, my belief is that the grammatical senses of 反面 should be all be copy/pasted straight into this entry with xrefs (maybe just one way, from here to there).  They should probably be the leading senses.  

Good, that's what I had proposed as well. I didn't think the usage of conjunctive 半面 vs 反面 was marginal enough to be reduced to a hidden form and a note in 反面. I've put the two senses from my edit back and left Jims additions from the previous edit in place.

>And who knows, we might even decide there is a subtle nuance meriting slight deviation in the glosses.  If not today, maybe tomorrow.

I actually had something like this in mind when I put "(but) at the same time" first in sense two. It's quite the minor change, but why not.


If this is approved, the incoming xref from 半顔 will need to be aligned.
And 半面 + the note would need to be removed from 反面.
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16,21 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&conj;</pos>
+<pos>&prt;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1481000">反面・1</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1481000">反面・1</xref>
+<s_inf>after the attributive form of a verb or adjective, or the particle の</s_inf>
+<gloss>while</gloss>
+<gloss>although</gloss>
+<gloss>though</gloss>
+<gloss>but</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&conj;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1481000">反面・2</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1481000">反面・2</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1006940">その半面</xref>
+<gloss>(but) at the same time</gloss>
+<gloss>on the other hand</gloss>
+<gloss>then again</gloss>
+<gloss>and yet</gloss>
+</sense>
(show/hide 10 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1481000 Active (id: 2353157)
反面 [ichi1]
はんめん [ichi1]
1. [conj,prt]
《after the attributive form of a verb or adjective, or the particle の》
▶ while
▶ although
▶ though
▶ but
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1479920 半面【はんめん】 1. while; although; though; but
2. [conj]
▶ (but) on the other hand
▶ at the same time
▶ then again
▶ and yet
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1006940 その反面 1. on the other hand; at the same time
  ⇐ see: 1479920 半面【はんめん】 2. (but) at the same time; on the other hand; then again; and yet
3. [n] [rare]
▶ opposite side
▶ other side
▶ reverse



History:
18. A 2025-11-29 11:19:05  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Withdrawing my suggestion.
  Diff:
@@ -7,4 +6,0 @@
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>半面</keb>
-<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -28 +23,0 @@
-<s_inf>occ. 半面</s_inf>
17. A* 2025-11-23 10:36:43  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Reopen..
16. A 2025-11-23 10:36:20  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Adding my suggestion about 半面. I'll approve and reopen.
  Diff:
@@ -6,0 +7,4 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>半面</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -23,0 +28 @@
+<s_inf>occ. 半面</s_inf>
15. A* 2025-11-21 14:54:54  Sombrero1
  Refs:
(1)Sankoku:
一⦅名⦆
①反対の(方)面。
「やさしさの━にたくましさを秘(ひ)めている」
②〔接続助詞的に用いて〕…のと同時に、別の面では。
「期待する━(で)、不安もある」
二⦅接⦆
別の面では。反対の面からみると。
「結果には満足している。━、反省もある」



(2)BCCWJ:
反面 has 1069 counts in total

For case 3:
{〘活用形=連体形〙}{反面}= 456
{〘活用形=連体形〙}{反面}{、}= 314

For case 2:
{、}{反面}= 117
{、}{反面}{、}= 68
{。}{反面}= 100
{。}{反面}{、}= 62
Note that there may be a few missing for the counts with commas, as some of the sentences used , instead of 、.

I scrolled through about half of the 1000 hits and didn't really spot usage for case 1. This doesn't mean it doesn't exist, but it's certainly far less common than case 2 and 3.

Other notable counts:
{〘品詞=連体詞〙}{反面}= 212
{反面}{教師}= 64

Unidic generally classes 反面 as a 名詞-普通名詞-副詞可能



(3)Representations of the conjunctive use in other references:

Daijs: 2(副詞的に用いて)他の面から見る場合。他面。「水に強い―、熱に弱い」
Smk:(副)
その物事に関して、まず第一にあげられる面に対して、それとは対照的な面もありうると判断する様子。
「娘の結婚はうれしい━寂しくもある」
Koj: ②(副詞的に)反対の面から見て。「陽気な―、涙もろいところがある」

Though I believe they aren't quite sufficient.

.
  Comments:
Proposing a reordering of the senses, and an additional sense.

> Should we re-order the senses?
I think they should very much be reordered, but I'm not sure about that [rare] tag. 
In Anonさん's example 反面 is certainly a noun, forming a larger contrastive adverbial frame with ある面では.
ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー

I believe there are three cases to distinguish here, if we want to be precise:
Case 1: the plain noun 反面 (which does appear to be rather uncommon)
Case 2: grammaticalized 反面 as a plain conjunction/conjunctive adverb, i.e. a *自立語*
Case 3: grammaticalized 反面 as a conjunctive particle taking a 連体修飾語, i.e. a *付属語*

This paradigm is presented in(1)
Counts for the separate cases are presented in(2)



Furthermore I would assert that in case 3, 反面 is most naturally translated as "while", "though", and so forth, but not really as "on the other hand".
While in case 2 (this includes その反面), it is something like "on the other hand" or "then again"
Take this sentence from Brian's quoted site as an example (https://nihongo-online.jp/net/index.php?key=bbjgig41h-81):

「大学が決まって、新しい生活に期待する『反面』、不安も大きい。」
"I’ve decided on my university, and while I'm anticipating my new life, I also have big worries."

This is also substantiated by DOJG examples + translations
ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー

While looking at the corpus data I noticed that case 2 uses of 反面 are often preceded by another conjunction or conjunctive particle.
If there is interest, I could also provide counts for various of those cases.

ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー

I've purposefully left out the 半面・反面 discussion here so as to not make it more confusing than it already is.
That should probably be the next step after this entry alone has been settled.
  Diff:
@@ -13,4 +13,7 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<misc>&rare;</misc>
-<gloss>opposite side</gloss>
-<gloss>reverse</gloss>
+<pos>&conj;</pos>
+<pos>&prt;</pos>
+<s_inf>after the attributive form of a verb or adjective, or the particle の</s_inf>
+<gloss>while</gloss>
+<gloss>although</gloss>
+<gloss>though</gloss>
+<gloss>but</gloss>
@@ -22,3 +25,10 @@
-<gloss>though</gloss>
-<gloss>although</gloss>
-<gloss>while</gloss>
+<gloss>at the same time</gloss>
+<gloss>then again</gloss>
+<gloss>and yet</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<misc>&rare;</misc>
+<gloss>opposite side</gloss>
+<gloss>other side</gloss>
+<gloss>reverse</gloss>
14. A* 2025-11-21 12:18:03 
  Comments:
女の子ってのは、ある面では現実的で打算的だけど、反面では理想とか夢を持ち続けてるものなんだから。

yet, it really didn't take me a whole lot of time to find a sample for sense 1
(show/hide 13 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1678960 Active (id: 2353133)
後腐れ後くされ [sK]
あとくされあとぐされ
1. [n]
▶ future trouble



History:
4. A 2025-11-29 04:33:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-11-28 12:25:25  parfait8
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ 後腐れのない  │ 2,255 │ 96.7% │
│ 後くされのない │    77 │  3.3% │ add
│ 後ぐされのない │     0 │  0.0% │
╰─ーーーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>後くされ</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2. A 2012-06-15 07:01:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijr: "「あとぐされ」 とも"
1. A* 2012-06-13 14:07:16  Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5
  Comments:
Add reading w/ rentaku (heard pronounced as such today)
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +10,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>あとぐされ</reb>
+</r_ele>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1680830 Active (id: 2353175)
肺水腫
はいすいしゅ
1. [n] {medicine}
▶ pulmonary edema
▶ pulmonary oedema
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2828462 肺浮腫【はいふしゅ】 1. pulmonary edema



History:
2. A 2025-11-29 20:36:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-29 17:48:15 
  Comments:
Adding tag
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<field>&med;</field>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1882530 Active (id: 2353144)
晶子
しょうし
1. [n] {mineralogy}
▶ crystallite



History:
2. A 2025-11-29 10:34:46  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-29 07:45:55 
  Refs:
研究社 新和英大辞典 第5版
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<field>&min;</field>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2211360 Active (id: 2353573)
言葉をかける言葉を掛ける
ことばをかける
1. [exp,v1]
▶ to speak words (of)
▶ to speak (to)
▶ to say (something)
▶ to say some (kind, comforting, etc.) words

Conjugations


History:
5. A 2025-12-04 23:22:23  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5 examples
  Comments:
Rather tricky to gloss.
  Diff:
@@ -16,2 +16,4 @@
-<gloss>to speak to</gloss>
-<gloss>to speak words of (something)</gloss>
+<gloss>to speak words (of)</gloss>
+<gloss>to speak (to)</gloss>
+<gloss>to say (something)</gloss>
+<gloss>to say some (kind, comforting, etc.) words</gloss>
4. A* 2025-12-04 09:55:14 
  Comments:
this is often paired with an adjective or noun such as 優しい言葉をかける or 慰めの言葉をかける
"to speak words of (something)" carried just that meaning

the two most recently added glosses are wholly inappropriate without that corresponding adjective

the phrase really means nothing more than "to say something"; "to have a conversation" is right out
  Diff:
@@ -16,2 +15,0 @@
-<gloss>to give a talking-to</gloss>
-<gloss>to give a pep talk</gloss>
@@ -19 +17 @@
-<gloss>to have a conversation</gloss>
+<gloss>to speak words of (something)</gloss>
3. A 2025-12-04 05:57:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Several Tanaka sentences.
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16,2 @@
+<gloss>to give a talking-to</gloss>
+<gloss>to give a pep talk</gloss>
2. A* 2025-11-29 19:13:34  Joe Murray
  Refs:
https://kotobank.jp/word/言葉を掛ける-503181#w-503181

daijs

言葉をかける	41984	87.6%
言葉を掛ける	5935	12.4%
  Comments:
Strange glosses, maybe this is better?
  Diff:
@@ -17,2 +17 @@
-<gloss>to give a (something) talk to</gloss>
-<gloss>to speak words of (something)</gloss>
+<gloss>to have a conversation</gloss>
1. A 2007-10-06 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2233910 Active (id: 2353119)
ジェリ缶ジェリー缶 [sK]
ジェリカン
1. [n] [uk]
▶ jerrycan



History:
5. A 2025-11-29 00:55:34  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
ジェリー缶	154
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>ジェリー缶</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -11,0 +16 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
4. A* 2025-11-29 00:26:56 
  Refs:
ジェリカン	2046	66.6%
ジェリ缶	1024	33.4%
  Diff:
@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>ジェリ缶</keb>
+</k_ele>
3. A 2013-09-04 15:55:42  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ジェリカン
  Comments:
no
2. D* 2013-09-04 12:10:30  jerii <...address hidden...>
1. A 2007-11-18 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2365770 Deleted (id: 2353147)
情報の測度
じょうほうのそくど
1. [n] {computing}
▶ measure of information



History:
3. D 2025-11-29 10:36:02  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. D* 2025-11-27 16:14:09  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
情報の測度	22
1. A 2008-05-24 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2538260 Active (id: 2353154)
痴言烏滸言 [sK]
ちげんおこごと
1. [n] [rare]
▶ crazy talk
▶ nonsense
▶ jest



History:
4. A 2025-11-29 11:11:55  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I wouldn't object to dropping おこごと.
3. A* 2025-11-27 19:03:44  Sombrero1
  Refs:
痴言:ちげん
https://www.google.de/books/edition/太陽/YccPAAAAYAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=痴言&pg=PP587&printsec=frontcover

Nikkoku's examples go up to 1897.
It doesn't even list 烏滸言 in its おこごと entry.


Refs for おこごと: Daijr, 角川古語大辞典, Nikkoku, Koj, 旺文社 全訳古語辞典
Refs for ちげん: Daijs, Daijr, Nikkoku

There are no かな examples of this word in the NINJAL corpora.

.
  Comments:
> Too rare to bother? 
I'd say so.

On top of that there's very little information to base anything off of here.
I checked the first 8 hits on japanese google books, one of which contained furigana, which I've linked above.
The other didn't contain furigana. All of them were written in classical japanese.


> おこごと, written 烏滸言, super rare, and within that rarely written 痴言
> 痴言 has at least 30 pages of book results, probably pronounced ちげん most of the time. 
Theoretically, though probably unlikely, 痴言 can also be read しれごと (角川古語大辞典, Nikkoku, Smk). 
Two of the examples I looked at weren't read with a normal reading at all, but with gikun readings. One as たわごと and the other as のろけ.
And FWIW the two examples of 痴言 in NINJAL corpora are read おこごと. So again, too little to base this on for us.
烏滸言 is only in Koj, so I think we could probably just hide it. No harm done.

This is in all likelihood borderline archaic and should probably best stay as one entry with the [rare] tag.
That's going to be the most helpful to users, that or [arch].


On a side note, I find it funny that 知言・ちげん also exists, with the opposite meaning.
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -12 +12,0 @@
-<re_restr>痴言</re_restr>
@@ -20,0 +21,2 @@
+<gloss>nonsense</gloss>
+<gloss>jest</gloss>
2. A* 2025-11-27 14:57:44  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/痴言
痴言 (ちげん)
思慮のないいい加減な言葉。戯言。

痴言  ちげん:
https://kotobank.jp/word/痴言-565700

痴言	172	  
痴言う蔵	120	  <-- false hit
痴言うぞ	38	  <-- false hit

烏滸言	0	0.0%

お小言	28872	93.0%
御小言	223	0.7%
おこごと	1956	6.3%

https://www.weblio.jp/content/お小言
  Comments:
Split? Seems to me we have
ちげん, written 痴言, rare, but exists
おこごと, written 烏滸言, super rare, and within that rarely written 痴言

Too rare to bother? 

All of our other every other "おこごと" words are headed with the おこごと 烏滸 kanji, so this entry will appear out of place.

Book results for 烏滸言  consist of: 10 reference books, and maybe 4 hits?

痴言 has at least 30 pages of book results, probably pronounced ちげん most of the time. 

Speculating on kanji frequency for 痴 as おこ:
烏滸がましい	3056	92.8%
痴がましい	236	7.2%


おこごと in hiragana is inflated, more likely お小言:
https://www.weblio.jp/content/お小言
  Diff:
@@ -11,3 +10,0 @@
-<reb>おこごと</reb>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
@@ -16,0 +14,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>おこごと</reb>
+</r_ele>
@@ -18,0 +19 @@
+<misc>&rare;</misc>
1. A 2010-04-15 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2564370 Active (id: 2353130)
応竜応龍
おうりゅう
1. [n] {Chinese mythology}
▶ Yinglong (dragon and rain deity)
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2564380 四霊【しれい】 1. the four auspicious beasts from Chinese mythology
  ⇐ see: 2565220 四瑞【しずい】 1. the four auspicious beasts from Chinese mythology



History:
9. A 2025-11-29 04:30:18  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8. A* 2025-11-28 22:17:15  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Replacing [expl] gloss with a field tag
  Diff:
@@ -15,2 +15,2 @@
-<gloss>Yinglong</gloss>
-<gloss g_type="expl">dragon and rain deity in Chinese mythology</gloss>
+<field>&chmyth;</field>
+<gloss>Yinglong (dragon and rain deity)</gloss>
7. A 2017-05-23 11:43:30  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2017-05-23 10:48:44  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
wiki
  Diff:
@@ -16 +16 @@
-<gloss g_type="expl">dragon-like beast from Chinese mythology</gloss>
+<gloss g_type="expl">dragon and rain deity in Chinese mythology</gloss>
5. A* 2017-05-23 10:43:05  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
see comments on 1629170
  Diff:
@@ -9 +8,0 @@
-<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)

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jmdict 2642630 Active (id: 2353173)

ひょこっとヒョコッと
1. [adv]
▶ suddenly
▶ abruptly
▶ impulsively



History:
4. A 2025-11-29 20:26:18  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-11-29 17:34:16  parfait8
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ ひょこっと │ 28,518 │ 89.2% │
│ ヒョコッと │  3,458 │ 10.8% │ add
╰─ーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ヒョコッと</reb>
2. A 2011-06-20 22:47:01  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +10,2 @@
+<gloss>abruptly</gloss>
+<gloss>impulsively</gloss>
1. A* 2011-06-20 13:45:59  Rick Papo <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
From Takemiya Yuyuko's "Golden Time 1", page 121.

ひょこっと現れたのは、
IMHO, "suddenly appearing," or "appearing out of nowhere".

Also, Weblio shows this word in the Niigata dialect.

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jmdict 2834593 Active (id: 2353151)
舞台化
ぶたいか
1. [n,vs,vt]
▶ theatrical adaptation
▶ stage adaptation
▶ adapting for the theatre (theater)
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1499150 舞台 2. stage performance; stage production; theatrical production; play; show

Conjugations


History:
11. A 2025-11-29 10:42:21  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
10. A* 2025-11-27 12:09:30  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Fixed xref.

I still think the unambiguous gloss should lead. It's a perfectly fine gloss.
  Diff:
@@ -14 +14 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1499150">舞台・3</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1499150">舞台・2</xref>
9. A 2025-11-26 10:13:38  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Seems rather repetitive.
  Diff:
@@ -14,2 +14,3 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1499150">舞台・2</xref>
-<gloss>adapting for the stage</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="1499150">舞台・3</xref>
+<gloss>theatrical adaptation</gloss>
+<gloss>stage adaptation</gloss>
@@ -17,2 +17,0 @@
-<gloss>stage adaptation (i.e. the process of adapting)</gloss>
-<gloss>theatrical adaptation</gloss>
8. A* 2025-11-25 16:58:20  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
舞台化	52973	  
舞台化さ	10497	  
舞台化し	8002	 

舞台化: the process
"千と千尋の神隠しの舞台化"
https://www.sankei.com/article/20211126-XSU2ZKSKXRJH7NVGHUKY5UBMNA/
鈴木は、「千と千尋の神隠し」の舞台化について、こんなエピソードも披露した。ケアードから直接、舞台化の打診を受けた際、宮崎監督が周囲の予想に反して「いいよ」と快諾。「あんなに多くの人に支持されたのだから、もう俺のものじゃない。皆さんのものだ」といった感じだったという。
google: Suzuki also shared this story about the stage adaptation of "Spirited Away." When Caird directly approached him about adapting it for the stage, Miyazaki readily agreed, contrary to everyone's expectations. He seemed to respond, "Since so many people have supported it, it's no longer mine. It belongs to you all."

舞台: the result
https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/1106239ccfb634b3933aec93f3defc5cf53013b3
橋本さんは、この発表に「この度『千と千尋の神隠し』の舞台を中国の皆様にお届けできる事、とても光栄に思います。
Regarding this announcement, Hashimoto said, "I am extremely honored to be able to bring the stage production of 'Spirited Away' to everyone in China.

https://gemini.google.com/share/2e32812866a9
2. The Comparison: Butai vs. Butaika
If you want to say "I like the stage adaptation" in the sense of the product (the show itself), you would usually drop the "ka".
〇〇の舞台が好き (XX no Butai ga suki):
Translation: "I like the XX stage play."

Focus: The show as a piece of entertainment. You enjoyed watching it.
〇〇の舞台化が好き (XX no Butaika ga suki):
Translation: "I like the [way they handled the] staging of XX" OR "I prefer the stage version (over the movie/anime version)."
Focus: The transformation process or the format itself.
  Comments:
The xref is to a new sense, that might need fixing.

As a verb, 舞台化された "was adapted for the stage". (ngrams)

I worked on this for hours before realizing that I am reverting Robin's very recent edit. 

I think "stage/theatrical adaptation"(noun) is problematic in English because, without context, it will usually be interpreted as "the end product".  "I loved the theatrical adaptation of Beauty and the Beast".  This is not that.  This is probably why the glosses were as they were.  I do think "stage adaptation" belongs here, but I think it needs a big warning sign.

It could work for something like "stage adaptation takes a lot of resources to do well". Or, as in the example below "there are updates in the (in-progress) stage adaptation of XYZ". 

Or something like "舞台化決定". "this work is going to be adapted for the stage" / "Theatrical adaptation announced/confirmed". 

I have some AI notes, but this is based on human conversations about 舞台 and 舞台化 (see xref).  Once a book is mentioned, 舞台もあります means "there's also a theatrical adaptation/version". 舞台化 would not be used this way.

舞台がある	15860	82.6%
舞台もある	3333	17.4%
舞台化がある	0	0.0%
舞台化もある	0	0.0%

If you want to do a lot of reading, these both return innumerable results, the nuance is different:
"千と千尋の神隠しの舞台" (most conversations about the stage performance itself, "the stage adaptation", "the theatrical production", "the end product"
"千と千尋の神隠しの舞台化" how it came about, how is it progressing, when will it be done, what was involved....

Random google hit, page 5:
https://www.huffingtonpost.jp/entry/story_jp_60383864c5b6371109daf58b
「千と千尋の神隠し」の舞台化に驚きの声。千尋役は橋本環奈さん、上白石萌音さん。ハク役は誰に...?
google: There are voices of surprise at the stage adaptation of "Spirited Away." Chihiro will be played by Kanna Hashimoto and Mone Kamishiraishi. Who will play Haku...?

The production is *in progress*, and that's what's being talked about. It's subtle.
  Diff:
@@ -14 +14,6 @@
-<gloss>stage adaptation</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="1499150">舞台・2</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1499150">舞台・2</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1499150">舞台・2</xref>
+<gloss>adapting for the stage</gloss>
+<gloss>adapting for the theatre (theater)</gloss>
+<gloss>stage adaptation (i.e. the process of adapting)</gloss>
7. A 2024-09-04 21:28:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)

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jmdict 2868207 Active (id: 2353120)
高架下
こうかした
1. [adj-no,n]
▶ under an elevated structure (esp. elevated railway or bridge)



History:
2. A 2025-11-29 00:59:00  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
高架下	149980
高架下は	2797
高架下が	1409
高架下な	930
高架下の	35378
高架下に	35171
高架下を	14071
KOD
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +11 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
1. A* 2025-11-28 14:36:56  parfait8
  Refs:
daijr, jitsuyou

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬─────────╮
│ 高架下 │ 149,980 │
╰─ーーー─┴─────────╯

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jmdict 2868213 Active (id: 2353136)
旅打ち
たびうち
1. [n,vs,vi]
▶ taking a trip to go gambling

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2025-11-29 06:29:00  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-29 02:54:28  Joe Murray
  Refs:
https://kotobank.jp/word/旅打ち-1996660#w-1856716
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/旅打ち

daijs, wiki

旅打ち	31973

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jmdict 2868214 Active (id: 2353150)
牛尾菜
シオデ (nokanji)しおで
1. [n] [uk]
▶ Smilax riparia (species of climbing plant)



History:
2. A 2025-11-29 10:41:03  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5
1. A* 2025-11-29 03:06:25  Joe Murray
  Refs:
シオデ	4689	96.3%
牛尾菜	182	3.7%

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/シオデ
https://kotobank.jp/word/牛尾菜-516894#w-516894

daijs, wiki

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jmdict 2868215 Active (id: 2353152)
車百合
クルマユリ (nokanji)くるまゆり
1. [n] [uk]
▶ Lilium medeoloides (lily species)



History:
2. A 2025-11-29 10:43:06  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5
1. A* 2025-11-29 03:09:18  Joe Murray
  Refs:
クルマユリ	6136	89.9%
車百合	686	10.1%

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/クルマユリ
https://kotobank.jp/word/車百合-486564#w-486564

daijs, wiki

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jmdict 2868216 Active (id: 2353153)
鹿の子百合
カノコユリ (nokanji)かのこゆり
1. [n] [uk]
▶ showy lily (Lilium speciosum)
▶ brilliant lily



History:
2. A 2025-11-29 10:45:08  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5, ルミナス
  Diff:
@@ -17 +17,2 @@
-<gloss>Lilium speciosum (lily species)</gloss>
+<gloss>showy lily (Lilium speciosum)</gloss>
+<gloss>brilliant lily</gloss>
1. A* 2025-11-29 03:16:05  Joe Murray
  Refs:
カノコユリ	9222	68.5%
鹿の子百合	4236	31.5%

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/カノコユリ
https://kotobank.jp/word/鹿の子百合-465531#w-465531

daijs, wiki

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jmdict 2868217 Active (id: 2353137)

オーバーサンプリングオーバー・サンプリング
1. [n]
▶ oversampling



History:
2. A 2025-11-29 06:34:15  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
オーバーサンプリング	3431
GG5, etc.
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>オーバー・サンプリング</reb>
1. A* 2025-11-29 04:32:50  K. Birch
  Refs:
https://e-words.jp/w/オーバーサンプリング.html
  Comments:
Related words like サンプリングレート and サンプリング周波数 are already included. The abbreviated form オバサン might be too niche for inclusion?

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jmdict 2868218 Active (id: 2353561)

メロい
1. [adj-i] [sl]
▶ irresistibly attractive
▶ captivating
▶ utterly charming
▶ crush-inducing
▶ swoon-worthy
▶ heart-melting
▶ adorable
▶ irresistible
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1134180 メロメロ 1. madly in love; head over heels; fanatically doting; spellbound

Conjugations


History:
6. A 2025-12-04 22:10:39  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2025-12-04 00:42:36  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I think these glosses capture the meaning pretty well.
  Diff:
@@ -11 +11 @@
-<gloss>attractive (of a person, character, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>irresistibly attractive</gloss>
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<gloss>utterly charming</gloss>
@@ -13,0 +15,4 @@
+<gloss>swoon-worthy</gloss>
+<gloss>heart-melting</gloss>
+<gloss>adorable</gloss>
+<gloss>irresistible</gloss>
4. A 2025-12-03 11:05:01  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-12-03 09:47:01 
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>crush inducing</gloss>
+<gloss>crush-inducing</gloss>
2. A 2025-12-03 04:24:14  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Trimming
  Diff:
@@ -13,2 +13 @@
-<gloss>having qualities one would fall head over heels for</gloss>
-<gloss>crush material</gloss>
+<gloss>crush inducing</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 2868219 Active (id: 2353190)
ぬい活縫い活縫活 [sK] ヌイ活 [sK]
ぬいかつヌイカツ [sk]
1. [n] [col]
▶ personalizing and photographing character stuffed toys in everyday life
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2868220 ぬい撮り【ぬいとり】 1. photographing character stuffed toys in everyday life



History:
2. A 2025-11-30 01:21:28  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuffed_toy
  Comments:
Internationalizing it. I had to look up "plushie".
  Diff:
@@ -27 +27,2 @@
-<gloss>personalizing and photographing character plushies in everyday life</gloss>
+<misc>&col;</misc>
+<gloss>personalizing and photographing character stuffed toys in everyday life</gloss>
1. A* 2025-11-29 13:40:53  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
"Explaining the Candidates for Japanese Buzzword of the Year"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hnRxyIrMMLk
"since at least 2010"
"this is taking your nui, your stuffed animal, your plushie, nuigurumi, out and doing activities with them"

https://dic.pixiv.net/a/ぬい活
Nuikatsu is the practice of admiring stuffed toys of your favorite idols as part of your oshikatsu.

These stuffed toys can be homemade, doujin goods, or official merchandise. (Given the nature of stuffed toys, it could be said that the barrier to making your own is low.)

Nui-katsu involves activities such as dressing up the stuffed toys, taking photos with backgrounds, and uploading them.

https://latelyjapanese.com/slang/20250725/meaning-of-nuikatsuぬい活/
It means enjoying various activities with a own oshi(推し) plush toy.
The plush toy is often of a oshi(推し) character or idol.
People enjoy things like traveling with it, going to cafes, or taking photos.

https://x.com/search?q="ぬい活"&src=typed_query&f=live
  Comments:
Adding from "scriptingjapan(youtube)". 2025 Japanese Buzzword of the Year candidate, but usage dates to 2010

If you watch just one example, let it be this one: ;)
https://x.com/dosukoi_08/status/1971798979877961910

Did research and worked with LLMs to expand the definition slightly. These are generally "character goods" (plushies from/of your favorite idols, etc), and the 活 includes preparing them  (pixiv notes "dressing up").

Worked to make this as tight as possible while capturing the core nuance.  

x.com results show 60+ hits *per hour*. Lots and lots with pictures.

5 minute English-language expose on the activity:
Nuikatsu – The Plushy Life
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DvjxqbCpS6I

I see no equivalent "safe" English gloss worth suggesting (certainly not "plush(y) life", and I don't want to coin a term).

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jmdict 2868220 Active (id: 2353189)
ぬい撮りぬい取り縫い撮り縫撮 [sK] ヌイ撮 [sK] ヌイ撮り [sK] 縫い取り [sK]
ぬいとり
1. [n,vs,vi] [col]
▶ photographing character stuffed toys in everyday life
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2868219 ぬい活 1. personalizing and photographing character stuffed toys in everyday life

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2025-11-30 01:21:11  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuffed_toy
  Comments:
Internationalizing it. I had to look up "plushie".
  Diff:
@@ -37 +37,2 @@
-<gloss>photographing character plushies in everyday life</gloss>
+<misc>&col;</misc>
+<gloss>photographing character stuffed toys in everyday life</gloss>
1. A* 2025-11-29 13:58:26  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://x.com/search?q="ぬい撮り"&src=typed_query&f=live

https://x.com/search?q="ぬい取り"&src=typed_query&f=media

https://x.com/search?q="ぬい取り"&src=typed_query&f=live

[vs]  ぬい撮りした (many hits per day)
https://x.com/search?q="ぬい撮りした"&src=typed_query&f=live
ぬい撮りをした (a few hits per month with を)
https://x.com/search?q="ぬい撮りをした"&src=typed_query&f=live
  Comments:
see notes at xref.

Interesting conflict with "縫い取り【ぬいとり】 embroidery", but I don't think this belongs under the same entry. (Wrong principal kanji: "photography"). Only with the full kanji form "縫い取り" do you start to see significant embroidery mixed into the results.

gemini pointed this term out to me.  Almost as common as the xref on twitter(maybe more?), but explicitly the "photographing" component, and not the lifestyle (companionship often implied).

Predictably, 撮 and 取 are both used and both common. Quite common with and without the trailing り。 All-katakana not so common, but ヌイ as a replacement for 縫い is. ぬい取り is very common on twitter.

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jmdict 2868221 Active (id: 2353182)
巨チン
きょチンキョチン (nokanji)
1. [n] [sl,vulg]
▶ huge dick
▶ large penis



History:
2. A 2025-11-29 21:13:08  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
キョチン	259
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9,4 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>キョチン</reb>
+<re_nokanji/>
1. A* 2025-11-29 14:21:15  parfait8
  Refs:
pixiv

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬───────╮
│ 巨チン │ 1,262 │
╰─ーーー─┴───────╯

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jmdict 2868222 Active (id: 2353187)
握々 [rK] 握握 [sK]
にぎにぎニギニギ (nokanji)
1. [adv,n,vs,vt,vi] [uk,chn]
▶ holding tightly
▶ squeezing
2. [n] [uk,chn]
▶ onigiri
▶ rice ball
3. [n,vs] [uk,col]
▶ (accepting a) bribe

Conjugations


History:
3. A 2025-11-30 01:02:56  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I don't think so.
  Diff:
@@ -39 +38,0 @@
-<pos>&adv;</pos>
2. A* 2025-11-29 20:48:30  Sombrero1
  Refs:
https://massif.la/ja/search?q=にぎにぎ

Sankoku has [vt,vi], Iwakoku has just [vi].
In BCCWJ and massif most of the [vs] examples are transitive, some are intransitive.

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ 手をニギニギする │   106 │  3.0% │
│ 手をにぎにぎする │    76 │  2.1% │
│ ニギニギする   │ 1,909 │ 54.0% │
│ ニギニギと    │   512 │ 14.5% │
│ にぎにぎと    │   487 │ 13.8% │
│ にぎにぎする   │   445 │ 12.6% │
╰─ーーーーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯

I also saw a handful of [adv-to] usages for sense one, but I'm not sure it's worth the tag.

.
  Comments:
I can't really confirm any transitivity tags on sense three. Sankoku is the only reference with that sense and transitivity tags.
But should it really have [adv]?
  Diff:
@@ -22,0 +23,2 @@
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
1. A* 2025-11-29 14:35:02  parfait8
  Refs:
sankoku, daijr/s, gg5, smk, etc.

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 握握   │    198 │  0.3% │
│ 握々   │    132 │  0.2% │
│ にぎにぎ │ 38,041 │ 59.5% │
│ ニギニギ │ 25,550 │ 40.0% │
╰─ーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯

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jmdict 2868223 Active (id: 2353811)
滑つく [rK]
ぬらつくヌラつく [sk]
1. [v5k,vi] [uk]
▶ to be slippery
▶ to be slimy
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1009860 ぬらぬら 1. slimy; slippery

Conjugations


History:
4. A 2025-12-07 20:01:27  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-12-07 14:33:30 
  Diff:
@@ -18 +18 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1009870">ぬるぬる・1</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1009860">ぬらぬら・1</xref>
2. A 2025-11-29 20:51:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -17,0 +18 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1009870">ぬるぬる・1</xref>
1. A* 2025-11-29 16:38:29  parfait8
  Refs:
daijr/s, gg5, smk, meikyo, etc.

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬─────┬───────╮
│ 滑つく  │   0 │  0.0% │
│ ぬらつく │ 113 │100.0% │
│ ヌラつく │   0 │  0.0% │ found used
╰─ーーーー─┴─────┴───────╯

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2868224 Active (id: 2353305)
指ズボ
ゆびズボ
1. [n,vs,vi] [sl]
▶ poking (e.g. a cat) with one's finger
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2813470 ズボッと 1. (going) right into (a tight space); (sinking into) deeply and suddenly; (popping) out; (coming out) with a pop; with a squelch

Conjugations


History:
4. A 2025-12-01 23:45:05  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-11-30 10:13:01  Sombrero1
  Refs:
https://x.com/search?q=指ズボする&src=typed_query&f=top
  Comments:
I didn't spot any transitive usage among the first 20 or so valid results.
Mostly as ~に指ズボする
E.g. 猫の胸毛に指ズボする

I think an xref is probably helpful here.
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13,2 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="2813470">ズボッと</xref>
2. A 2025-11-30 01:04:59  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-29 17:04:28  parfait8
  Refs:
lots of google/social media results

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2868225 Active (id: 2353736)
土禁
どきん
1. [exp] [col,abbr]
▶ no shoes allowed
▶ no outdoor footwear
▶ shoes off
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2868226 土足禁止 1. no shoes allowed; no outdoor footwear; shoes off; please take off your shoes



History:
4. A 2025-12-06 22:37:57  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Aligning.
  Diff:
@@ -15 +15,3 @@
-<gloss>shoes prohibited</gloss>
+<gloss>no shoes allowed</gloss>
+<gloss>no outdoor footwear</gloss>
+<gloss>shoes off</gloss>
3. A 2025-11-29 21:03:34  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
土禁	6204
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2868226">土足禁止</xref>
@@ -13 +14 @@
-<s_inf>short for 土足禁止</s_inf>
+<misc>&abbr;</misc>
2. A* 2025-11-29 20:15:36  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Sankoku

Massif examples
https://massif.la/ja/search?q=土禁

.
  Comments:
Sankoku calls it a noun, but the current gloss doesn't fit that. Daijirin doesn't give a PoS.
How about just [exp]
  Diff:
@@ -11 +11,3 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&exp;</pos>
+<misc>&col;</misc>
+<s_inf>short for 土足禁止</s_inf>
1. A* 2025-11-29 19:19:26 
  Refs:
大辞林

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jmdict 2868226 Active (id: 2353722)
土足禁止
どそくきんし
1. [exp]
▶ no shoes allowed
▶ no outdoor footwear
▶ shoes off
▶ please take off your shoes
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2868225 土禁【どきん】 1. no shoes allowed; no outdoor footwear; shoes off



History:
4. A 2025-12-06 20:30:23  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-12-06 02:13:05  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I don't think "please take off your shoes" should lead.
  Diff:
@@ -12,3 +12,4 @@
-<gloss>please remove shoes</gloss>
-<gloss>shoes prohibited</gloss>
-<gloss>no outdoor shoes</gloss>
+<gloss>no shoes allowed</gloss>
+<gloss>no outdoor footwear</gloss>
+<gloss>shoes off</gloss>
+<gloss>please take off your shoes</gloss>
2. A 2025-12-05 02:03:06  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Quiet. Closing.
1. A* 2025-11-29 21:02:05  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
KOD 
土足禁止	8325
  Comments:
Possibly worth having.

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jmnedict 5197546 Active (id: 2353361)
喜生子
きおこ
1. [fem]
▶ Kioko



History:
4. A 2025-12-02 10:48:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Pas de problème.
3. A* 2025-12-02 06:56:28  Hendrik
  Comments:
Thanks (sorry about messing this up).
2. A 2025-11-29 04:28:16  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Needs a separate entry as  the reading must match. I have split it off.
  Diff:
@@ -13 +12,0 @@
-<gloss>Kimiko</gloss>
1. A* 2025-11-29 01:14:22  Hendrik
  Refs:
See my recent entry for 松竹喜生子 Kimiki Matsutake, whom I know personally
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<gloss>Kimiko</gloss>

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jmnedict 5747469 Active (id: 2353127)
松竹喜生子
まつたけきみこ
1. [person]
▶ Kimiko Matsutake (1958.1.10-; weaver and textile artist)



History:
2. A 2025-11-29 04:14:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-29 01:12:52  Hendrik
  Refs:
https://www.kimono-yamato.co.jp/articles/minsar_interview/
https://www.kimono-yamato.co.jp/en/articles/minsar_interview/
https://www.y-mainichi.co.jp/news/42009
https://kyodonewsprwire.jp/prwfile/release/M105132/201904095240/_prw_PA1fl_oyKap8pV.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intangible_Cultural_Properties_of_Japan_(Okinawa)
  Comments:
Recognised for her weaving in the context of "intangible cultural properties"

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jmnedict 5747470 Active (id: 2353129)
喜生子
きみこ
1. [fem]
▶ Kimiko



History:
1. A 2025-11-29 04:28:55  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Split from 5197546.

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jmnedict 5747471 Active (id: 2353176)
李在明
イジェミョンりざいめい
1. [person]
▶ Lee Jae Myung (1964.12.22-; 21st president of South Korea)



History:
2. A 2025-11-29 20:42:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-29 11:35:07  Matsugase Ken'ichi <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/李在明

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