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jmdict 1049390 Active (id: 2352839)

コール [gai1]
1. [n,vs,vt,vi]
▶ (telephone) call
▶ ring (of a telephone)
2. [n]
▶ shout
▶ call
▶ chant
3. [n,vs,vt,vi] {card games}
▶ call
4. [n] [abbr]
▶ call loan (e.g. 30-day call)
▶ call money
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1049620 コールローン 1. call loan
  ⇒ see: 1049590 コールマネー 1. call money
5. [n] [abbr] {stock market}
▶ call (option)
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1986600 コールオプション 1. call option

Conjugations


History:
13. A 2025-11-25 01:30:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
12. A* 2025-11-24 23:32:15  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5: 5回コールしてだれも出なければ if no one answers within five rings.
  Comments:
Oops. I assumed the "ring" gloss was just a synonym of "call". I should have read the edit history more carefully. "ring" was added in 2011, citing a similar example. GG5 also has it.
I didn't know コール could be used in that way. Arguably a separate sense.
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +14 @@
+<gloss>ring (of a telephone)</gloss>
11. A* 2025-11-24 19:18:01 
  Comments:
「たまたま近くにいたため、1コール目で受話器を取ることができた。」
10. A* 2025-11-24 19:04:07  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs
  Comments:
Added sense. 
I don't think "ring" is needed for sense 1.
  Diff:
@@ -14 +13,0 @@
-<gloss>(telephone) ring</gloss>
@@ -36,0 +36,7 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1986600">コールオプション</xref>
+<field>&stockm;</field>
+<misc>&abbr;</misc>
+<gloss>call (option)</gloss>
9. A 2022-09-18 07:39:33  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 8 older log entries)

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jmdict 1115290 Active (id: 2352804)

プット
1. [n] [abbr] {stock market}
▶ put (option)
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2493910 プットオプション 1. put option



History:
3. A 2025-11-24 18:55:26  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -9,0 +10 @@
+<field>&stockm;</field>
@@ -11 +12 @@
-<gloss>put (i.e. a put option)</gloss>
+<gloss>put (option)</gloss>
2. A 2014-12-01 11:04:35  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2014-11-28 16:02:51  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs
  Diff:
@@ -9 +9,3 @@
-<gloss>put (e.g. a put option)</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="2493910">プットオプション</xref>
+<misc>&abbr;</misc>
+<gloss>put (i.e. a put option)</gloss>

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jmdict 1141290 Active (id: 2352838)

リコール [gai1]
1. [n,vs,vt]
▶ recall (of an elected official)
▶ removal of an elected official from office though a petition and popular vote
2. [n,vs,vt]
▶ recall (of a defective product)

Conjugations


History:
5. A 2025-11-25 01:29:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2025-11-25 00:12:53  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, daij
  Comments:
Two senses in all the kokugos.
"recall" isn't used with the sense 1 meaning in BrE.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,8 @@
-<gloss>recall (of a politician or a defective product)</gloss>
+<gloss>recall (of an elected official)</gloss>
+<gloss>removal of an elected official from office though a petition and popular vote</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&vs;</pos>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<gloss>recall (of a defective product)</gloss>
3. A 2025-11-24 10:40:48  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
中辞典 splits into two senses.
2. A* 2025-11-24 03:47:27 
  Refs:
① 国または地方公共団体の公職にある者を、任期満了前に国民または住民の意思によって罷免する制度。日本では、最高裁判所裁判官の国民審査、地方公共団体の長・議員などの解職請求などがこれにあたる。直接民主制の一形態。国民罷免。国民解職。「市長をリコールする」
② 欠陥のある製品を生産者が回収し、無料で修理すること。
  Comments:
Clarified both scopes of the English "recall" have been carried over
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<gloss>recall</gloss>
+<gloss>recall (of a politician or a defective product)</gloss>
1. A 2022-07-09 08:16:26  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
mk
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +11 @@
+<pos>&vt;</pos>

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jmdict 1197750 Active (id: 2352763)
芽胞
がほう
1. [n] {biology}
▶ spore
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1517730 胞子 1. spore
2. [n] {biology}
▶ endospore
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2868171 内生胞子【ないせいほうし】 1. endospore



History:
2. A 2025-11-24 00:19:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-23 23:42:29  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/芽胞
>> 以前は、(細菌の)胞子(ほうし、spore)、内生胞子(ないせいほうし、endospore)とも呼ばれていたが、真菌やシダ植物の胞子とは役割が異なるため、それらと区別するために、芽胞という名称で呼ばれるようになった。
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1517730">胞子</xref>
+<field>&biol;</field>
@@ -14,0 +16,5 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<field>&biol;</field>
+<gloss>endospore</gloss>
+</sense>

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jmdict 1216210 Active (id: 2353706)
屋形
やかた
1. [n] [poet]
▶ mansion
▶ palace
▶ manor house
▶ castle
2. [n] [hon,arch]
《usu. as (お)~様》
▶ nobleman
▶ noblewoman
▶ lord
▶ master
▶ dignitary
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2745720 お館様 1. nobleman; noblewoman; lord; master; dignitary
3. (屋形 only) [n] [arch]
▶ cabin (on a boat or carriage)
▶ large roofed area on a boat (resembling a house)
4. (屋形 only) [n] [abbr,hist]
▶ large houseboat (oft. used for tours and pastime activities)
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1815820 屋形船 1. houseboat; pleasure boat (large, roofed)
5. [n] [arch]
▶ temporary residence



History:
9. A 2025-12-06 19:53:55  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8. A* 2025-12-06 15:44:12 
  Diff:
@@ -46 +46 @@
-<gloss>large houseboat (oft. used for tours and pasttime activites)</gloss>
+<gloss>large houseboat (oft. used for tours and pastime activities)</gloss>
7. A 2025-11-26 09:45:23  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
OK, splitting.
  Diff:
@@ -12,8 +11,0 @@
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>たち</reb>
-<re_restr>館</re_restr>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>たて</reb>
-<re_restr>館</re_restr>
6. A* 2025-11-25 14:50:22  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Sankoku for やかた:
①[館]貴族・豪族(ごうぞく)が住んだやしき。
②[館]昔、身分の高い人を尊敬して呼んだ言い方。
「お━(さま)」
③船・車につけた、屋根の形のおおい。
「━車(ぐるま)〔=特に、牛車(ぎっしゃ)〕」
④←屋形船。

Meikyo for やかた:
❶[屋形・館] 貴族・豪族などの屋敷。また、その主人。
❷[屋形] 船の上に設けた屋根のある部屋。

Smk calls the first sense [poet].
Despite Sankoku restricting sense one to only 館, what I saw in the examples was more along the lines of Meikyo's restrictions.
Sticking with those.


BCCWJ:

{館}= 25494
{館[ヤカタ]}=894

{屋形}= 153
{屋形[ヤカタ]}= 153


The majority of examples for sense two I spotted in the BCCWJ were as (お)館・屋形様.
The kokugos's examples align with that.

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ お館様   │ 16,608 │ 42.5% │ 
│ 御館様   │  5,868 │ 15.0% │
│ 御屋形様  │  5,092 │ 13.0% │
│ お屋形様  │  4,655 │ 11.9% │
│ お館さま  │  4,580 │ 11.7% │
│ お屋形さま │  1,278 │  3.3% │
│ 御屋形さま │    530 │  1.4% │
│ 御館さま  │    434 │  1.1% │
╰─ーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯


Nipponica for 屋形船:
川遊びなどに用いられた屋形(家の形をした覆い)を据え付けた船。楼船ろうせんともいう。古くは平安時代にさかのぼり、貴族の遊山ゆさん用の船、年貢輸送船、商船などに屋形をつけることが多かった。そのなかには舁据かきすえ屋形船とよばれる簡易な屋形もあり、平安以後も用途により絶えることなく続いた。しかし一般に屋形船といえば、江戸時代、花見、納涼、花火、月見の際に大名、豪商などが川面かわもに浮かべた豪華な遊覧船をさす。


Shinsen, daijs, iwakoku for sense 5

.
  Comments:
I think 館:たち・たて should be split out. 
It doesn't work smoothly with the restrictions.
On top of that the senses for やかた don't align all that well with those of たて and たち in the kokugos.
  Diff:
@@ -22,0 +23 @@
+<misc>&poet;</misc>
@@ -29,0 +31 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2745720">お館様</xref>
@@ -31,0 +34 @@
+<s_inf>usu. as (お)~様</s_inf>
@@ -33,0 +37,2 @@
+<gloss>lord</gloss>
+<gloss>master</gloss>
@@ -37 +42 @@
-<stagr>やかた</stagr>
+<stagk>屋形</stagk>
@@ -40 +45,15 @@
-<gloss>cabin (on a boat, carriage, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>cabin (on a boat or carriage)</gloss>
+<gloss>large roofed area on a boat (resembling a house)</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<stagk>屋形</stagk>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1815820">屋形船</xref>
+<misc>&abbr;</misc>
+<misc>&hist;</misc>
+<gloss>large houseboat (oft. used for tours and pasttime activites)</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<misc>&arch;</misc>
+<gloss>temporary residence</gloss>
5. A 2025-11-24 22:30:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Those readings are in GG5 and the kokugos. There's no indication that they're archaic.
(show/hide 4 older log entries)

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jmdict 1217790 Active (id: 2352827)
顔を立てる顔をたてる
かおをたてる
1. [exp,v1]
▶ to save face
▶ to show deference
▶ to make someone look good

Conjugations


History:
6. A 2025-11-24 22:59:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
It's the leading gloss in the 中辞典 entry. Its absence from other references is not a case for omission.
  Diff:
@@ -16,0 +17 @@
+<gloss>to show deference</gloss>
5. A* 2025-11-24 19:47:26 
  Refs:
daijisen
  Diff:
@@ -17 +16,0 @@
-<gloss>to show deference</gloss>
4. A 2013-04-17 23:17:00  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5, etc.
  Diff:
@@ -17,0 +17,2 @@
+<gloss>to show deference</gloss>
+<gloss>to make someone look good</gloss>
3. A 2013-04-17 23:15:00  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2013-04-17 21:12:01  Francis
  Refs:
See below.
  Comments:
In the text which I was reading the added entry above was used. The inclusion would help the novice to find the result.

I am also picking up a meaning which states: "to show deference to someone". However, I am not sure about the compatibility of that with "to save face".
  Diff:
@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>顔をたてる</keb>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 1218050 Active (id: 2352828)
願書 [ichi1,news1,nf19]
がんしょ [ichi1,news1,nf19]
1. [n]
▶ (written) application
▶ written request
▶ petition
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2843419 願い書【ねがいしょ】 1. (written) application; written request; petition
2. [n]
▶ written prayer for a shrine or Buddhist temple
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1218070 願文 1. written prayer for a shrine or Buddhist temple



History:
8. A 2025-11-24 23:24:04  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5: an [a written] application; a written request
  Comments:
Probably copied from GG5.
In most contexts, you wouldn't need the qualifier "written" if translating 願書 as "application". But "request" without "written" is more likely to be interpreted as a verbal request.
7. A* 2025-11-24 06:26:13 
  Comments:
Any particular reason why the first entry (written) is in parenthesis but the second  is not?
6. A 2020-02-22 21:22:02  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, daij
  Comments:
According to my refs, 願い書 is always written with okurigana. It will need to be a separate entry.
  Diff:
@@ -10,3 +9,0 @@
-<k_ele>
-<keb>願い書</keb>
-</k_ele>
@@ -15 +11,0 @@
-<re_restr>願書</re_restr>
@@ -20,3 +15,0 @@
-<r_ele>
-<reb>ねがいしょ</reb>
-</r_ele>
@@ -26 +18,0 @@
-<gloss>application form</gloss>
@@ -28 +20 @@
-<gloss>written petition</gloss>
+<gloss>petition</gloss>
@@ -33 +25 @@
-<gloss>Shinto or Buddhist prayer (read)</gloss>
+<gloss>written prayer for a shrine or Buddhist temple</gloss>
5. A* 2020-02-22 11:11:50  dine <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr, daijs: https://kotobank.jp/word/願い書-594652
daijr, daijs, nikk: https://kotobank.jp/word/願書-470129

願書	719181
願い書	1015
  Diff:
@@ -9,0 +10,3 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>願い書</keb>
+</k_ele>
@@ -11,0 +15 @@
+<re_restr>願書</re_restr>
@@ -14,0 +19,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ねがいしょ</reb>
@@ -22,0 +30,5 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1218070">願文</xref>
+<gloss>Shinto or Buddhist prayer (read)</gloss>
+</sense>
4. A 2017-11-07 22:36:56  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
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jmdict 1269780 Active (id: 2352811)
後場
ごば
1. [n] {stock market}
▶ afternoon session
▶ afternoon trading
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1393300 前場 1. morning session; morning trading



History:
3. A 2025-11-24 19:23:34  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -13,2 +13,2 @@
-<field>&finc;</field>
-<gloss>afternoon session (stock exchange)</gloss>
+<field>&stockm;</field>
+<gloss>afternoon session</gloss>
2. A 2020-03-30 22:16:39  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2020-03-30 15:54:02  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr
  Diff:
@@ -12,2 +12,4 @@
-<gloss>afternoon session (market)</gloss>
-<gloss>afternoon trading (market)</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="1393300">前場</xref>
+<field>&finc;</field>
+<gloss>afternoon session (stock exchange)</gloss>
+<gloss>afternoon trading</gloss>

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jmdict 1328520 Active (id: 2352762)
朱子学
しゅしがく
1. [n]
▶ neo-Confucianism (based on the teachings of Zhu Xi)
▶ Cheng-Zhu school
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2247270 程朱学【ていしゅがく】 1. Cheng-Zhu school (of neo-Confucianism); neo-Confucianism of the Cheng brothers and Zhu Xi



History:
2. A 2025-11-24 00:18:55  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-23 23:46:25  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr/s
  Comments:
I don't think the x-ref is needed.
  Diff:
@@ -12,2 +12,2 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2246570">陽明学</xref>
-<gloss>neo-Confucianism (based on the teachings of Zhu Xi and his followers)</gloss>
+<gloss>neo-Confucianism (based on the teachings of Zhu Xi)</gloss>
+<gloss>Cheng-Zhu school</gloss>

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jmdict 1348090 Active (id: 2352801)
小高い [news2,nf27]
こだかい [news2,nf27]
1. [adj-i]
▶ slightly elevated
2. [adj-i] {stock market}
▶ slightly higher (of a price)
▶ marginally up
▶ edging higher
▶ showing a mild upward trend
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 2868169 小安い 1. slightly lower (of a price); marginally down; edging lower; showing a mild downward trend

Conjugations


History:
6. A 2025-11-24 18:53:18  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs
https://www.ifinance.ne.jp/glossary/souba/sou368.html#gsc.tab=0
  Comments:
Finance term.
  Diff:
@@ -20,0 +21 @@
+<field>&stockm;</field>
@@ -22,2 +23,3 @@
-<gloss>on the high side</gloss>
-<gloss>a bit expensive</gloss>
+<gloss>marginally up</gloss>
+<gloss>edging higher</gloss>
+<gloss>showing a mild upward trend</gloss>
5. A* 2025-11-24 10:46:22  Sombrero1
  Diff:
@@ -19,0 +20 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2868169">小安い</xref>
4. A* 2025-11-24 10:45:01  Sombrero1
  Refs:
GG5, Meikyo, Daijs
  Diff:
@@ -16,0 +17,6 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&adj-i;</pos>
+<gloss>slightly higher (of a price)</gloss>
+<gloss>on the high side</gloss>
+<gloss>a bit expensive</gloss>
3. A 2013-12-25 01:00:25  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
added
2. A* 2013-12-09 01:12:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
The Kenkyusha 新和英中辞典 has 小高い丘 as "a small hill" which fits that sentence quite well. I've proposed an entry for 小高い丘, and if it's accepted I'll relink the sentence to that one.
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 1393300 Active (id: 2352812)
前場 [news2,nf45]
ぜんば [news2,nf45]
1. [n] {stock market}
▶ morning session
▶ morning trading
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1269780 後場 1. afternoon session; afternoon trading



History:
3. A 2025-11-24 19:23:51  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -17,2 +17,2 @@
-<field>&finc;</field>
-<gloss>morning session (stock exchange)</gloss>
+<field>&stockm;</field>
+<gloss>morning session</gloss>
2. A 2020-03-31 11:09:58  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2020-03-31 10:29:46  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Aligning with 後場 format.
  Diff:
@@ -16,2 +16,4 @@
-<gloss>morning market session</gloss>
-<gloss>morning trading session</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="1269780">後場</xref>
+<field>&finc;</field>
+<gloss>morning session (stock exchange)</gloss>
+<gloss>morning trading</gloss>

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jmdict 1472310 Active (id: 2352770)
排液
はいえき
1. [n,vs,vi] {medicine}
▶ discharge (of bodily fluid)
2. [n,vs,vi]
▶ drainage
▶ liquid waste

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2025-11-24 02:50:39  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Although most references are medical, there are a few in chemical engineering, etc., e.g.
Kagaku glossary: sulphite pulp waste liquor	亜硫酸パルプ排液 [化学]
Eijiro: 化学工場からの排液 : discharge from the chemical works
  Diff:
@@ -16,0 +17,7 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&vs;</pos>
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
+<gloss>drainage</gloss>
+<gloss>liquid waste</gloss>
+</sense>
1. A* 2025-11-24 02:27:52  Joe Murray
  Refs:
https://kotobank.jp/word/排液-355711#w-1741286

I think this definition is wrong, daijs has this as a specifically medical term

Interesting that prog just puts this together with 廃液 as different readings, I don't think they're correct

https://kotobank.jp/jeword/廃液・排液#w-3215950
  Diff:
@@ -12,2 +12,4 @@
-<gloss>drainage</gloss>
-<gloss>sewerage</gloss>
+<pos>&vs;</pos>
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
+<field>&med;</field>
+<gloss>discharge (of bodily fluid)</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1479920 Active (id: 2354903)
半面 [ichi1,news1,nf05]
はんめん [ichi1,news1,nf05]
1. [conj,prt]
《after the attributive form of a verb or adjective, or the particle の》
▶ while
▶ although
▶ though
▶ but
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1481000 反面 1. while; although; though; but
  ⇐ see: 2829043 半顔【はんがん】 1. half the face
2. [conj]
▶ (but) at the same time
▶ on the other hand
▶ then again
▶ and yet
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1481000 反面 2. (but) on the other hand; at the same time; then again; and yet
  ⇒ see: 1006940 その半面 1. on the other hand; at the same time
3. [n,adj-no] [rare]
▶ half the face
▶ profile
4. [n,adj-no] [rare]
▶ one side
▶ a half
▶ the other side
▶ the reverse
▶ the contrary
▶ the opposite
5. [n,adj-no] [rare]
▶ half the surface (of)



History:
15. A 2025-12-21 07:29:06  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
OK
14. A* 2025-11-30 21:41:50  Sombrero1
  Refs:
https://massif.la/ja/search?q=半面
https://context.reverso.net/translation/japanese-english/半面


Since it kind of got overshadowed before, I'm gonna put the BCCWJ data here once more:

"(4)BCCWJ (Counts in brackets are for 反面):
半面 has 250 counts in total (1069)

Sense one:
{〘活用形=連体形〙}{半面}= 58 (456)
{〘活用形=連体形〙}{半面}{、}= 45 (314)

Sense two:
{、}{半面}= 21 (117)
{、}{半面}{、}= 7 (68)
{。}{半面}=  72 (100)
{。}{半面}{、}= 63 (62)
{〘品詞=連体詞〙}{半面}= 42 (212)
Note that there may be a few missing for the counts with commas, as some of the sentences used , instead of 、.

That's 157 (45 + 7 + 63 + 42) out of 250 hits for conjunctive usage (I didn't use the counts for{。}{半面}and{、}{半面}on purpose, as they could technically include false hits for noun usage). That makes 62.8% of total usage.
Based on that I put the conjunctive senses first, as in the 反面 entry."

.
  Comments:
Both massif and reverso examples show that the conjunctive usage makes up the largest part of total usage.
In case it hasn't been noted yet, the BCCWJ data also supports this.


I get that it's currently only sankoku explicitly marking these senses, but I believe they're on the right track here.
Them also being treated as basically the same grammatical constructs in Brian's Waseda grammar textbook could technically serve as another reference here too.


I think if these two senses were to not lead, we also couldn't reasonably have these [rare] tags on the other senses. Since it's really a comparative rarity and not an absolute one.
And less stark than with 反面 at that.
13. A* 2025-11-29 11:16:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
12. A 2025-11-29 11:16:34  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I've been concerned about those proposed first two senses. After all, they're not in most references. I've come round to accepting them, although I'd be more comfortable if they didn't lead. I'll approve and leave open for a while.
11. A* 2025-11-27 19:35:08  Sombrero1
  Comments:
No worries, I figured that something along those lines had happened.

>So my [2] was the previous [2].  I only meant to say that the grammatical usage was far more common than all of these [rare] noun senses, and this term is not itself [rare]. Right now it looks like it is.

Thanks

>So, yes, to be clear, my belief is that the grammatical senses of 反面 should be all be copy/pasted straight into this entry with xrefs (maybe just one way, from here to there).  They should probably be the leading senses.  

Good, that's what I had proposed as well. I didn't think the usage of conjunctive 半面 vs 反面 was marginal enough to be reduced to a hidden form and a note in 反面. I've put the two senses from my edit back and left Jims additions from the previous edit in place.

>And who knows, we might even decide there is a subtle nuance meriting slight deviation in the glosses.  If not today, maybe tomorrow.

I actually had something like this in mind when I put "(but) at the same time" first in sense two. It's quite the minor change, but why not.


If this is approved, the incoming xref from 半顔 will need to be aligned.
And 半面 + the note would need to be removed from 反面.
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16,21 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&conj;</pos>
+<pos>&prt;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1481000">反面・1</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1481000">反面・1</xref>
+<s_inf>after the attributive form of a verb or adjective, or the particle の</s_inf>
+<gloss>while</gloss>
+<gloss>although</gloss>
+<gloss>though</gloss>
+<gloss>but</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&conj;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1481000">反面・2</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1481000">反面・2</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1006940">その半面</xref>
+<gloss>(but) at the same time</gloss>
+<gloss>on the other hand</gloss>
+<gloss>then again</gloss>
+<gloss>and yet</gloss>
+</sense>
(show/hide 10 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1500160 Active (id: 2352779)
風靡 [news2,nf43] 風び [sK]
ふうび [news2,nf43]
1. [n,vs,vt]
▶ overwhelming
▶ conquering
▶ dominating
▶ sweeping (the world)
▶ swaying

Conjugations


History:
8. A 2025-11-24 07:58:48  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
7. A* 2025-11-24 06:41:25  GM <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
風靡  238,125  95.4% 
風び    5,413   2.2% -sK
ふうび   6,146   2.5%
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +11 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
6. A 2021-11-18 01:23:27  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -19,0 +20 @@
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
5. A 2013-04-09 14:02:50  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2013-04-09 00:10:35  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
either these should all be phrased as "to ..." or we should stick to the standard [n,vs] and use the gerund form
  Diff:
@@ -18,0 +18,1 @@
+<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -19,6 +20,5 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<gloss>sweep (the world)</gloss>
-<gloss>sway</gloss>
-<gloss>overwhelm</gloss>
-<gloss>conquer</gloss>
-<gloss>dominate</gloss>
+<gloss>overwhelming</gloss>
+<gloss>conquering</gloss>
+<gloss>dominating</gloss>
+<gloss>sweeping (the world)</gloss>
+<gloss>swaying</gloss>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1506190 Active (id: 2352821)
併有
へいゆう
1. [n,vs,vt]
▶ having both (at the same time)
▶ possessing together

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2025-11-24 20:27:10  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-24 19:17:22  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog
  Diff:
@@ -13,2 +13,3 @@
-<gloss>owning together</gloss>
-<gloss>combination</gloss>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<gloss>having both (at the same time)</gloss>
+<gloss>possessing together</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1610260 Active (id: 2352784)
立て続け [ichi1,news2,nf25] たて続け [sK] 立てつづけ [sK]
たてつづけ [ichi1,news2,nf25]
1. [n]
《usu. adverbially as 〜に》
▶ succession
▶ continuation
▶ series
▶ sequence
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1837680 立て付け【たてつけ】 2. succession; continuation; series; sequence



History:
4. A 2025-11-24 10:38:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-11-24 07:40:40  GM <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
立て続け  487,796  91.2% 
たて続け   25,846   4.8% -sK
立てつづけ   1,872   0.4% -sK
たてつづけ  19,092   3.6% 

立て続け  487,796 
立て続けに 441,998
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -14,0 +16 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -23,0 +26 @@
+<s_inf>usu. adverbially as 〜に</s_inf>
2. A 2014-03-02 08:27:16  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2014-03-02 07:26:42  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Ngrams (立てつづけ), GG5, etc.
  Comments:
Making sure it's not mistaken for succession to a throne, etc.
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13,3 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>立てつづけ</keb>
+</k_ele>
@@ -21,0 +25,3 @@
+<gloss>continuation</gloss>
+<gloss>series</gloss>
+<gloss>sequence</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1652620 Active (id: 2352823)
筒抜け [news2,nf43]
つつぬけ [news2,nf43]
1. [n]
▶ being heard (by others)
▶ being overheard
▶ being leaked (of plans, secrets, etc.)
2. [n]
▶ going in one ear and out the other



History:
6. A 2025-11-24 22:34:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2025-11-24 19:29:47  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog, daij
  Comments:
I don't like "being compromised".
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16 @@
+<gloss>being heard (by others)</gloss>
@@ -17,2 +18 @@
-<gloss>being leaked (e.g. secrets)</gloss>
-<gloss>being compromised</gloss>
+<gloss>being leaked (of plans, secrets, etc.)</gloss>
4. A 2025-11-20 00:49:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Hardly needed.
3. A* 2025-11-19 04:49:35 
  Diff:
@@ -17,0 +18 @@
+<gloss>being compromised</gloss>
2. A 2012-05-07 02:15:26  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1781220 Active (id: 2353195)
穴釣り穴釣 [sK]
あなづり
1. [n]
▶ fishing by dropping a line between rocks or concrete tetrapods
2. [n]
▶ ice fishing (esp. for smelt)
3. [n]
▶ sniggling (fishing for eels by thrusting a baited hook into their dens)



History:
6. A 2025-11-30 04:17:31  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Your comments are all quite valid, and would be very relevant if we were building an EJ dictionary.
5. A* 2025-11-27 12:06:55  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
What's the best term to use if I'd like to ask someone about ice fishing in Japan?
https://gemini.google.com/share/5d5939fcc935

1. The Most Natural Term: ワカサギ釣り (Wakasagi-tsuri)

This literally means "Smelt fishing." In Japan, ice fishing is almost synonymous with catching Wakasagi (Japanese pond smelt). If you ask someone about "ice fishing," they will immediately assume you mean this.

2. The Descriptive Term: 氷上釣り (Hyōjō-zuri)
3. The Ambiguous Term: 穴釣り (Anazuri)
You may encounter this term, which translates to "hole fishing," but use it with caution.
  Comments:
I agree with you that the xref is not explanatory.  I've been trying to add it as one of our "use this instead" xrefs. 

Last night I had a table of a Japanese people and showed them photos of Canadian ice fishing, deliberately with a *giant* fish in the fisherman's hands, and I asked them what it was called.

*no one* produced "穴釣り".  Several suggested ワカサギ釣り while others pointed out the size of the fish.  "Can't be ワカサギ釣り, the fish is too big". They did not have another word. (In fairness, we are in Hokkaido, where ワカサギ釣り is popular)

One Japanese person I gave "穴釣り" to, without any pictures, explained that she simply *guessed* that it was ice fishing.  Because where else do you need to make a hole?

ワカサギ釣り is just a better term for ice fishing in Japan most of the time. It's got to be at least 10x more popular on the ngrams(considering other senses).
ワカサギ釣り	63447	57.0%
わかさぎ釣り	21631	19.5%
穴釣り	26135	23.5%


If you look up "ice fishing" right now in jmdictdb, you will not find ワカサギ釣り.  If you object to the xref even on "use-instead" grounds, I'd advocate for putting "esp. ice fishing" back on ワカサギ釣り。 I don't actually know why this was changed on "on a frozen lake". "Ice Fishing" is a fairly well-understood term.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_fishing
4. A 2025-11-26 10:46:57  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I'm probably a bit more forgiving than Robin when it comes to marginal cross-references, but I really can't see that this one contributes anything useful to the meaning of the sense.
  Diff:
@@ -20 +19,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2868119">ワカサギ釣り</xref>
3. A* 2025-11-24 15:13:28  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I'm going to pitch at least this x-ref one more time.

I think most americans, at least, know what "ice fishing" is from media.  In Japan, 穴釣り seems like fishing 専門用語. Several people have not recognized it in any sense.  Today I found someone who did, having been invited once by a friend to do it.  It was ice fishing, and it was for smelt.  Smelt-fishing was the only activity he would use 穴釣り for.  Amusingly, he could not recall the name of the fish, but as soon as I said ワカサギ釣り his face lit up. Tip-of-the-tongue. But his friends used 穴釣り.

Maybe there is some regional preference (all the more reason to link the forms), but ワカサギ釣り is the more common term for the activity. It's 3 times more common than *every* sense of 穴釣り combined. Wikipedia xrefs it, and daijs gives it in the 穴釣り definition. It also has the upside of being unambiguous, which 穴釣り is not. We've already acknowledged the relevance of the link with "esp. for smelt".  It would be a very useful link for anyone looking for more information about this activity.

An additional reason for the xref is that the change from "esp. ice fishing" to "esp. on a frozen lake" makes ワカサギ釣り much harder to discover.  One might reasonably search for "ice fishing" when looking for this activity, but not "frozen lake".  At least the xref will get them back there.

A concession: Japanese people, when shown alaskan ice fishing with big fish, had no idea how to describe it. 氷(上)穴釣り seems best thought of niche fishing jargon. (Thought it is easy to find it in blogs and tourism marketing materials if you search "カナダ" "氷上穴釣り").  This is just not part of Japan's cultural repertoire, outside of smelt.
  Diff:
@@ -19,0 +20 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2868119">ワカサギ釣り</xref>
2. A 2025-11-21 21:11:16  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr/s
穴釣り	26,135	97.4%	
穴釣	684	2.6%
  Comments:
The sniggling sense isn't archaic. Plenty of web results for "穴釣り ウナギ". The EJs also have 穴釣り for "sniggle".
I don't think the x-refs are needed.
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>穴釣</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -12 +16 @@
-<gloss>fishing by dropping a line between rocks or tetrapods (esp. for rockfish)</gloss>
+<gloss>fishing by dropping a line between rocks or concrete tetrapods</gloss>
@@ -16,2 +19,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2868119">ワカサギ釣り</xref>
-<xref type="see" seq="2868117">氷上穴釣り</xref>
@@ -22,3 +24 @@
-<misc>&arch;</misc>
-<gloss>sniggling</gloss>
-<gloss>traditional method of inserting a baited line into riverbank holes to catch eels</gloss>
+<gloss>sniggling (fishing for eels by thrusting a baited hook into their dens)</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1809810 Active (id: 2352806)
県有
けんゆう
1. [adj-f]
▶ owned by the prefecture
▶ prefectural



History:
3. A 2025-11-24 19:12:08  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
県有	38,168		
県有の	514		
県有が	0		
県有を	0		
県有に	0
  Comments:
We don't typically use adj-f and adj-no on the same sense.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<gloss>owned by the prefecture</gloss>
@@ -14 +13,0 @@
-<gloss>owned by the prefecture</gloss>
2. A 2025-11-24 02:21:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-24 01:17:11  Joe Murray
  Refs:
https://kotobank.jp/jeword/県有#w-3195402 - uses 県有の as an example but it doesn't really seem that common
https://kotobank.jp/word/県有-493230#w-493230

I think this really only used adjectivally
  Diff:
@@ -11 +11,3 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&adj-f;</pos>
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<gloss>prefectural</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1814920 Active (id: 2352819)
兼有
けんゆう
1. [n,vs,vt]
▶ having both (at the same time)
▶ possessing both
▶ owning both

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2025-11-24 20:26:21  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-24 19:14:33  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, daij
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13,4 @@
-<gloss>having both</gloss>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<gloss>having both (at the same time)</gloss>
+<gloss>possessing both</gloss>
+<gloss>owning both</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1948350 Active (id: 2352830)
理工系
りこうけい
1. [n,adj-no]
▶ science and engineering



History:
1. A 2025-11-24 23:39:30  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Aligning.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>science and technology</gloss>
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<gloss>science and engineering</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1955040 Active (id: 2352919)
柳葉魚 [rK]
ししゃもシシャモ
1. [n] [uk] Source lang: ain "susam"
▶ shishamo smelt (Spirinchus lanceolatus)



History:
7. A 2025-11-26 09:46:26  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I'd keep it, but not a big deal.
6. A* 2025-11-25 00:52:54  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
For タバコ, we decided just to drop the nokanji tag. I think we should do the same here.
  Diff:
@@ -13 +12,0 @@
-<re_nokanji/>
5. A 2025-11-24 10:37:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2025-11-24 08:45:53  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 柳葉魚  │   8,263 │  2.6% │
│ ししゃも │ 240,181 │ 77.0% │
│ シシャモ │  63,547 │ 20.4% │
╰─ーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
ししゃも・シシャモ is 熟字訓 for 柳葉魚

Kanjipedia, Sankoku

.
  Comments:
Wouldn't we usually have it as 柳葉魚:シシャモ since it's a foreign word used with kanji as 熟字訓?
I mean, I can see that ししゃも is used a lot, and sankoku even gives it as a headword. So it does make sense to have it.
But most kokugos have it as 柳葉魚:シシャモ, as described.

What about having a [nokanji] tag on ししゃも instead? Just out of curiosity
This way we would dissociate ししゃも from the kanji form and have シシャモ be the reading.

It doesn't give an error but I doubt it has been done before, has it?
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
3. A 2025-11-23 22:43:19  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
nikk: (アイヌsusam)
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/シシャモ#名称
>> シシャモ」という名称は、アイヌ語のsusam(スサム、語源はsusu(スス(シュシュ))=楊、ham(ハム)=葉とされる)に由来する。
  Diff:
@@ -17 +17 @@
-<lsource xml:lang="ain">susuhamu</lsource>
+<lsource xml:lang="ain">susam</lsource>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

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jmdict 1986600 Active (id: 2352802)

コールオプションコール・オプション
1. [n] {stock market}
▶ call option
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 2493910 プットオプション 1. put option
  ⇐ see: 1049390 コール 5. call (option)



History:
2. A 2025-11-24 18:54:29  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12,2 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2493910">プットオプション</xref>
+<field>&stockm;</field>
1. A 2013-05-11 07:40:21  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>コール・オプション</reb>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1988370 Active (id: 2352785)

メスカリン
1. [n] {chemistry}
▶ mescaline



History:
2. A 2025-11-24 10:38:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-24 05:29:11 
  Refs:
研究社 新和英大辞典 第5版
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<field>&chem;</field>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2086200 Active (id: 2352840)
苦に病む
くにやむ
1. [exp,v5m]
▶ to worry (about)
▶ to be terribly worried (about)
▶ to be very concerned (about)
▶ to be sick with worry

Conjugations


History:
4. A 2025-11-25 01:31:02  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-11-24 23:56:12  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daij, koj
  Diff:
@@ -13,2 +13,4 @@
-<gloss>to worry</gloss>
-<gloss>to suffer</gloss>
+<gloss>to worry (about)</gloss>
+<gloss>to be terribly worried (about)</gloss>
+<gloss>to be very concerned (about)</gloss>
+<gloss>to be sick with worry</gloss>
2. A 2010-11-06 00:04:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Added additional PoS via batch update.Added additional PoS via batch update.
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@
+<pos>&v5m;</pos>
1. A 2006-06-04 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2229360 Active (id: 2352788)
蹴躓く蹴つまずく [sK] 蹴つまづく [sK]
けつまずくけつまづく
1. [v5k,vi] [uk]
▶ to stumble (over)
▶ to trip
2. [v5k,vi] [uk]
▶ to fail
▶ to suffer a setback

Conjugations


History:
8. A 2025-11-24 10:43:17  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7. A* 2025-11-24 08:03:54  GM <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
蹴躓く     896  30.2% 
蹴つまずく   279   9.4% -sK
蹴つまづく   165   5.6% -sK
けつまずく 1,043  35.1% 
けつまづく   587  19.8%
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -11,0 +13 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -15,2 +16,0 @@
-<re_restr>蹴躓く</re_restr>
-<re_restr>蹴つまずく</re_restr>
@@ -20,2 +19,0 @@
-<re_restr>蹴躓く</re_restr>
-<re_restr>蹴つまづく</re_restr>
6. A 2019-09-28 10:30:15  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, daij
  Diff:
@@ -27,2 +27,2 @@
-<gloss>to trip over something</gloss>
-<gloss>to stumble</gloss>
+<gloss>to stumble (over)</gloss>
+<gloss>to trip</gloss>
@@ -32,0 +33 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
@@ -33,0 +35 @@
+<gloss>to suffer a setback</gloss>
5. A 2019-09-28 07:19:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
G n-grams:
蹴躓く	896
蹴つまずく	279
蹴つまづく	165
4. A* 2019-09-28 05:26:35  Dine2019 <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
蹴躓く	61
蹴つまずく	10
蹴つまづく	10
  Diff:
@@ -6,0 +7,6 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>蹴つまずく</keb>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>蹴つまづく</keb>
+</k_ele>
@@ -8,0 +15,2 @@
+<re_restr>蹴躓く</re_restr>
+<re_restr>蹴つまずく</re_restr>
@@ -11,0 +20,2 @@
+<re_restr>蹴躓く</re_restr>
+<re_restr>蹴つまづく</re_restr>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

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jmdict 2493910 Active (id: 2352803)

プットオプションプット・オプション
1. [n] {stock market}
▶ put option
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1986600 コールオプション 1. call option
  ⇐ see: 1115290 プット 1. put (option)



History:
3. A 2025-11-24 18:54:48  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12,2 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1986600">コールオプション</xref>
+<field>&stockm;</field>
2. A 2013-05-11 10:41:35  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>プット・オプション</reb>
1. A 2009-07-17 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2556950 Active (id: 2352778)
取っ掛かり取っかかり [sK] 取っ掛り [sK]
とっかかり
1. [n] [uk]
▶ beginning
▶ clue
▶ starting point



History:
7. A 2025-11-24 07:58:33  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2025-11-24 06:55:13  GM <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
取っ掛かり 38,379  37.6% 
取っかかり  2,688   2.6% -sK
取っ掛り     405   0.4% -sK
とっかかり 60,661  59.4%
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -11,0 +13 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
5. A 2015-07-14 01:43:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2015-07-12 20:49:13  luce
  Refs:
daijs, prog
n-grams
取っ掛かり	1296
取っかかり	266
取っ掛り	17
とっかかり	2865
  Diff:
@@ -17,0 +18 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
@@ -19,0 +21 @@
+<gloss>starting point</gloss>
3. A 2013-02-25 09:43:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

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jmdict 2713150 Active (id: 2353602)
わいせつ行為猥褻行為ワイセツ行為 [sK]
わいせつこうい
1. [n]
▶ indecent act (esp. molestation or indecent exposure)



History:
8. A 2025-12-05 11:48:13  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
OK. Thanks.
7. A* 2025-12-05 03:07:28  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://www.mext.go.jp/component/a_menu/education/detail/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2011/12/22/1314343_05.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com
>>「わいせつ行為」とは、強姦、強制わいせつ(13歳以上の者への暴行・脅迫によるわいせつ行為及び13歳未満の者へのわいせつ行為)、公然わいせつ、わいせつ物頒布等、買春、痴漢、のぞき、陰部等の露出、青少年保護条例等違反、不適切な裸体・下着姿等の撮影(隠し撮り等を含む。)、わいせつ目的をもって体に触ること等をいう。
  Comments:
There isn't a meaningful difference between わいせつ行為 and わいせつな行為. I was just noting that there's nothing in Japanese law that defines わいせつ行為 as "sexual molestation".
Most online sources only mention molestation and indecent exposure but the above definition from MEXT includes rape and prostitution.
The Japanese Law Translation website translates わいせつな行為 as "indecent act".
I think the term is broad enough in legal contexts that a second sense isn't necessary.
  Diff:
@@ -19,9 +19 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2176050">わいせつ罪</xref>
-<gloss>sexual molestation</gloss>
-<gloss>indecent exposure</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<gloss>lewd behavior</gloss>
-<gloss>obscene act</gloss>
-<gloss>indecent conduct</gloss>
+<gloss>indecent act (esp. molestation or indecent exposure)</gloss>
6. A* 2025-12-01 14:00:37  parfait8
  Comments:
>"わいせつ行為" doesn't appear in Japanese law.

seems to still be used in legal/technical contexts but i'm not too familiar with how the [law] tag is used in JMdict

>"わいせつ*な*行為" does but it describes other acts besides molestation, e.g. indecent exposure.

i don't believe "わいせつな行為" and "わいせつ行為" are meaningfully different, they're e.g. used interchangeably by newspapers
indecent exposure directed at children is considered molestation, probably a good idea to add it as a gloss, but わいせつ行為 is also used for e.g. groping https://www.nagoyatv.com/news/?id=033103

>isn't the "sexual" in "sexual molestation" redundant?

i guess "molestation" has come to pretty much always mean something of a sexual nature, but it's not strictly redundant esp. in more technical/legal contexts

>I'm not sure there's more than one sense here.

the second sense is certainly more colloquial but i've seen it
  Diff:
@@ -20 +19,0 @@
-<field>&law;</field>
@@ -21,0 +21 @@
+<gloss>indecent exposure</gloss>
5. A* 2025-12-01 00:45:09  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://wakailaw.com/keiji/11426
>>「わいせつな行為」という文言は、刑法にはっきりと明記されています。たとえば、公然わいせつ罪、不同意わいせつ罪(旧強制わいせつ罪)、監護者わいせつ罪などに「わいせつな行為」という文言が使われています。
  Comments:
Are there any references that support this amendment?
"わいせつ行為" doesn't appear in Japanese law. "わいせつ*な*行為" does but it describes other acts besides molestation, e.g. indecent exposure.
I'm not sure there's more than one sense here. Also, isn't the "sexual" in "sexual molestation" redundant?
4. A 2025-11-24 00:18:28  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I guess so.
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

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jmdict 2831170 Active (id: 2352817)

ショコラティーヌ
1. [n] {food, cooking} Source lang: fre
▶ chocolatine
▶ pain au chocolat
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2831169 パンオショコラ 1. pain au chocolat; chocolate croissant
2. [n] {food, cooking}
《by confusion with テリーヌ》
▶ chocolate terrine



History:
9. A 2025-11-24 19:49:57  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8. A* 2025-11-24 11:54:34  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I'm fairly confident.
  Diff:
@@ -17,0 +18 @@
+<s_inf>by confusion with テリーヌ</s_inf>
7. A 2025-11-23 22:22:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2025-11-23 19:50:31  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://www.meiji.co.jp/hello-chocolate/column/93/
  Comments:
I suspect that the "chocolate cake" usage is just people confusing it with ショコラテリーヌ (chocolate terrine).
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2831169">パンオショコラ</xref>
@@ -9,0 +11 @@
+<lsource xml:lang="fre"/>
@@ -11 +13,6 @@
-<gloss>chocolate cake (esp. layered)</gloss>
+<gloss>pain au chocolat</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<field>&food;</field>
+<gloss>chocolate terrine</gloss>
5. A 2025-11-23 05:10:24  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)

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jmdict 2867898 Deleted (id: 2353008)

アイランドカー
1. [n]
▶ island car



History:
5. D 2025-11-27 10:58:07  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Yes, too obscure.
4. D* 2025-11-27 10:01:01  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Kyoto/Melbourne N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーーー─┬───┬───────╮
│ アイランドカー │ 5 │100.0% │ hmmmmm
╰─ーーーーーーー─┴───┴───────╯
  Comments:
The "island" itself is not the problem. 
I also have the reference in question, but apart from that I can't find anything about "island cars" in traffic control.
Neither in English nor in Japanese. It has zero hits in the google ngrams and NINJAL corpora. 
Not in the automobile industry glossary either.

I saw a handful of direct hits for "アイランドカー" in the NDL, but I can't confirm whether these actually relate to what's described in the reference.
On top of that it indicates that it's a loanword, but, as mentioned above, I can't find any credit for this in English either.

This seems too obscure.
If there was a context or some form of media where this word was encountered with that meaning, it would greatly help if it were provided.
3. D* 2025-11-27 09:38:33 
  Comments:
https://www.goo-net.com/knowledge/14884/

"アイランドとは、英語で島の意味。自動車関連の用語としては、高速道路で料金所が設置された場所など、路面より高く盛り上がった部分を指してアイランドと呼ぶことがある。また、路面より高く盛り上がった施設が道路上に設けられており、安全島や中央島などとも呼ばれる。"
2. D* 2025-11-24 22:57:57  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
0 n-grams. WWW images mostly show cars on islands, etc.
  Comments:
I really can't confirm this. It's probably best not included.
1. A* 2025-11-12 05:29:41 
  Refs:
日本語辞典 (現代国語、外来語)

◆アイランド‐カー
アイランド‐カー《外》
[island (島) car]交通整理のための特殊自動車.交差点の中央に止めて監視所も兼ねる.〈現〉

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jmdict 2868093 Active (id: 2353027)
証を立てる証をたてる [sK] 証しを立てる [sK] あかしを立てる [sK]
あかしをたてる
1. [exp,v1]
▶ to prove
▶ to establish
▶ to give evidence (for)

Conjugations


History:
9. A 2025-11-27 16:12:24  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Oops. Nice catch.
8. A* 2025-11-27 16:08:30 
  Diff:
@@ -24 +24 @@
-<pos>&v5s;</pos>
+<pos>&v1;</pos>
7. A 2025-11-25 01:36:38  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2025-11-24 23:45:43  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, chujiten
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15,4 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>あかしを立てる</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
@@ -22 +26,2 @@
-<gloss>to make clear</gloss>
+<gloss>to establish</gloss>
+<gloss>to give evidence (for)</gloss>
5. A 2025-11-23 16:22:52  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ 証を立てる   │ 1,663 │ 66.7% │
│ 証をたてる   │   299 │ 12.0% │
│ 証しを立てる  │   243 │  9.7% │
│ あかしを立てる │   181 │  7.3% │
│ 証しをたてる  │    61 │  2.4% │
│ あかしをたてる │    48 │  1.9% │
╰─ーーーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -7,0 +8,4 @@
+<keb>証をたてる</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
@@ -8,0 +13 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)

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jmdict 2868114 Active (id: 2352850)

パワーアシストスーツパワー・アシスト・スーツ
1. [n] Source lang: eng(wasei) "power assist suit"
▶ (powered) exoskeleton (esp. for lifting assistance in logistics, nursing, etc.)
▶ assistive exoskeleton
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2837031 パワードスーツ 1. powered exoskeleton (esp. in SF); power suit
  ⇐ see: 2868115 アシストスーツ 1. (powered) exoskeleton (esp. for lifting assistance in logistics, nursing, etc.); assistive exoskeleton



History:
4. A 2025-11-25 03:50:34  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-11-25 03:08:52  Marcus Richert
  Comments:
We don't use usage notes for meaning.
  Diff:
@@ -13 +12,0 @@
-<s_inf>esp. for lifting assistance in logistics, nursing, etc.</s_inf>
@@ -15 +14 @@
-<gloss>(powered) exoskeleton</gloss>
+<gloss>(powered) exoskeleton (esp. for lifting assistance in logistics, nursing, etc.)</gloss>
2. A 2025-11-24 22:49:56  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I guess so.
  Diff:
@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>パワー・アシスト・スーツ</reb>
+</r_ele>
@@ -8,0 +12 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2837031">パワードスーツ</xref>
1. A* 2025-11-21 03:05:06  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exoskeleton_(human)
An exoskeleton is a wearable device that augments, enables, assists, or enhances motion, posture, or physical activity through mechanical interaction with and force applied to the user's body.[2]
Other common names for a wearable exoskeleton include exo, exo technology, assistive exoskeleton, and human augmentation exoskeleton.

https://www.theexoskeletonstore.com/collections/exoskeletons-for-back-support?srsltid=AfmBOoqNWvW8OkPTzXNRKRXtaWFi1gqly7tdi09YO9Y6GBgE0N8oG_rl

Even these light logistics suits are called exoskeletons (w/pic): 
https://www.germanbionic.com/
The World’s Most Powerful Exoskeleton
The AI exoskeleton for the toughest tasks in industry and compassionate patient care.


https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/パワードスーツ

パワーアシストスーツ	737	1.7%
アシストスーツ	69	0.2%


強化服	6260	14.5%
強化スーツ	2492	5.8%
ロボットスーツ	11723	27.2%
強化外骨格	3211	7.4%
外骨格	15515	36.0%
マッスルスーツ	3094	7.2%
サポートジャケット	0	0.0%
  Comments:
I think this is waseigo.  We just love "exoskeleton" too much to call it anything bland like "power/lift assist suit". Certainly Japanese products *are* translated this way, so if you want to make it a gloss you could.  But I don't think it's common English. 

Introduced by Japanese speaker when I explained what an "exoskeleton" was in a generic context (not for logistics, just "robot skeleton outside of body"). She was quite fixed on this term.

She reports 外骨格 could be used in SciFi contexts, but not in, say disability assistance or a workplace environment. 

Wikipedia gives a list of variants of varieties of exoskeleton: 強化服 強化スーツ ロボットスーツ 強化外骨格 外骨格
But specifically in nursing and cargo/logistics, this term:
医療・介護分野や物流・荷役など重量物を扱う作業で使われているものは、パワーアシストスーツあるいはアシストスーツ[3]と呼称されることもある。

Image search is largely carrying boxes.
Here's a boring logistics example(with pick of small woman lifting heavy object in workplace environment):
https://wakayamashimpo.co.jp/2025/07/20250712_132589.html

With tech development, パワーアシストスーツ is probably becoming more common than the ngrams suggest, and アシストスーツ is following along as the simplification.

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jmdict 2868115 Active (id: 2353056)

アシストスーツアシスト・スーツ
1. [n] [abbr]
▶ (powered) exoskeleton (esp. for lifting assistance in logistics, nursing, etc.)
▶ assistive exoskeleton
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2868114 パワーアシストスーツ 1. (powered) exoskeleton (esp. for lifting assistance in logistics, nursing, etc.); assistive exoskeleton



History:
4. A 2025-11-28 10:42:03  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-11-27 11:45:43  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
aligning
  Diff:
@@ -14,2 +14 @@
-<s_inf>esp. for lifting assistance in logistics, nursing, etc.</s_inf>
-<gloss>(powered) exoskeleton</gloss>
+<gloss>(powered) exoskeleton (esp. for lifting assistance in logistics, nursing, etc.)</gloss>
2. A 2025-11-24 22:50:29  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>アシスト・スーツ</reb>
1. A* 2025-11-21 03:06:23  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Placeholder to align with xref when decided.

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jmdict 2868166 Active (id: 2352836)

エマージングウイルスエマージング・ウイルスエマージングウィルス [sk]
1. [n]
▶ emerging virus
▶ emergent virus



History:
3. A 2025-11-25 01:02:49  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergent_virus
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/emergent-virus
  Diff:
@@ -16,0 +17 @@
+<gloss>emergent virus</gloss>
2. A 2025-11-24 10:41:39  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5, 医学英和辞典
1. A* 2025-11-23 21:51:51 
  Refs:
https://kotobank.jp/word/えまーじんぐういるす-3145410

エマージングウイルス	1510	88.1%
エマージング・ウイルス	116	6.8%
エマージングウィルス	87	5.1%
エマージング・ウィルス	0	0.0%

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jmdict 2868167 Active (id: 2352764)
酒林
さかばやし
1. [n]
▶ sakabayashi
▶ [expl] ball made from sprigs of Japanese cedar, traditionally hung in the eaves of sake breweries
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2531260 杉玉 1. sugidama; ball made from sprigs of Japanese cedar, traditionally hung in the eaves of sake breweries



History:
2. A 2025-11-24 00:23:34  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
KOD (xrefs)
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2531260">杉玉</xref>
1. A* 2025-11-24 00:09:00  Joe Murray
  Refs:
https://kotobank.jp/word/酒林-509140#goog_rewarded
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/杉玉 - mentioned here


酒林	6962	36.4%
杉玉	12189	63.6%

daijs, wiki
  Comments:
Essentially the same as 杉玉 as far as I can tell, x-ref to it maybe?

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jmdict 2868168 Active (id: 2352815)
カリギュラ効果
カリギュラこうか
1. [n]
《from the title of the 1979 film "Caligula"》
▶ psychological phenomenon in which a person's desire for something increases when it is restricted or forbidden
▶ forbidden fruit effect
▶ [lit] Caligula effect



History:
4. A 2025-11-24 19:47:29  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Looks good,
3. A* 2025-11-24 18:15:54  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
jawiki: 「カリギュラ効果」は学術的な用語ではないものの、その関心事の面白みからいくつかの実用書において紹介された事例がある
  Comments:
"Caligula effect" isn't used in English.
Wikipeda says it's not an academic term.
  Diff:
@@ -12,3 +12,2 @@
-<field>&psych;</field>
-<gloss>Caligula effect</gloss>
-<gloss>Caligula phenomenon</gloss>
+<s_inf>from the title of the 1979 film "Caligula"</s_inf>
+<gloss>psychological phenomenon in which a person's desire for something increases when it is restricted or forbidden</gloss>
@@ -15,0 +15 @@
+<gloss g_type="lit">Caligula effect</gloss>
2. A* 2025-11-24 10:37:00  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/カリギュラ効果
カリギュラ効果	210
  Comments:
Maybe this is enough.
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12,3 @@
+<field>&psych;</field>
+<gloss>Caligula effect</gloss>
+<gloss>Caligula phenomenon</gloss>
1. A* 2025-11-24 06:26:14 
  Refs:
https://kotobank.jp/word/かりぎゆら効果-1728535

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jmdict 2868169 Active (id: 2352810)
小安い
こやすい
1. [adj-i] {stock market}
▶ slightly lower (of a price)
▶ marginally down
▶ edging lower
▶ showing a mild downward trend
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1348090 小高い 2. slightly higher (of a price); marginally up; edging higher; showing a mild upward trend

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2025-11-24 19:22:09  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://www.ifinance.ne.jp/glossary/souba/sou369.html#gsc.tab=0
  Comments:
Finance term.
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12,2 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1348090">小高い・2</xref>
+<field>&stockm;</field>
@@ -13,2 +15,3 @@
-<gloss>on the low side</gloss>
-<gloss>a bit less expensive</gloss>
+<gloss>marginally down</gloss>
+<gloss>edging lower</gloss>
+<gloss>showing a mild downward trend</gloss>
1. A* 2025-11-24 10:45:59  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Meikyo, Daijr, Daijs, GG5

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ 小安い  │ 7,911 │ 99.6% │
│ こやすい │    29 │  0.4% │
╰─ーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
  Comments:
Purposefully didn't use "cheap" for the third gloss since it sounds too connotated to me.

[see=小高い[2]] needs to be added after approval

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jmdict 2868170 Active (id: 2352818)
雪泥鴻爪
せつでいのこうそう
1. [n] [yoji]
▶ ephemeral nature of human deeds and events
▶ evanescence of human affairs
▶ leaving no trace
▶ dust in the wind



History:
3. A 2025-11-24 20:01:24  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Yes, tough.
2. A* 2025-11-24 16:48:38  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs, koj
  Comments:
Not an easy one to gloss. Here's my attempt.
  Diff:
@@ -11 +11 @@
-<pos>&exp;</pos>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -13 +13,3 @@
-<gloss>left without a trace</gloss>
+<gloss>ephemeral nature of human deeds and events</gloss>
+<gloss>evanescence of human affairs</gloss>
+<gloss>leaving no trace</gloss>
@@ -15 +16,0 @@
-<gloss>fleeting like a goose's footprints in the slushy snow</gloss>
1. A* 2025-11-24 11:07:54  Sombrero1
  Refs:
漢検四字熟語辞典 第二版, Imidas, Jitenon

.
  Comments:
Not too sure how to gloss this.
I tried

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jmdict 2868171 Active (id: 2352816)
内生胞子
ないせいほうし
1. [n] {biology}
▶ endospore
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1197750 芽胞 2. endospore



History:
2. A 2025-11-24 19:47:56  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-24 12:20:39  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, RP, eij
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/芽胞
>> 以前は、(細菌の)胞子(ほうし、spore)、内生胞子(ないせいほうし、endospore)とも呼ばれていたが、真菌やシダ植物の胞子とは役割が異なるため、それらと区別するために、芽胞という名称で呼ばれるようになった。

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jmnedict 5553316 Active (id: 2352766)
渋谷ファッション&アート専門学校
しぶやファッションアンドアートせんもんがっこう [spec1]
1. [organization]
▶ Shibuya Fashion and Art College



History:
4. A 2025-11-24 01:26:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I've added the former version back.
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
3. A* 2025-11-23 22:46:16  Kim Ahlström <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://www.shibuya-and.tokyo/outline/
https://www.nicjp.niad.ac.jp/en/institute/senmon1412.html
  Comments:
I originally came to correct ひがしきょう to とうきょう, but it turns out the school has completely changed their name.
  Diff:
@@ -5 +5 @@
-<keb>東京田中千代服飾専門学校</keb>
+<keb>渋谷ファッション&アート専門学校</keb>
@@ -8,2 +8 @@
-<reb>ひがしきょうでんなかちよふくしょくせんもんがっこう</reb>
-<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
+<reb>しぶやファッションアンドアートせんもんがっこう</reb>
@@ -13 +12 @@
-<gloss>Chiyo Tanaka College of Fashion Arts, Tokyo</gloss>
+<gloss>Shibuya Fashion and Art College</gloss>
2. A 2023-05-06 06:08:03  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Adding spec1
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
1. A 2020-11-04 23:16:46  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Educ. inst. correction
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -11 +11 @@
-<misc>&place;</misc>
+<misc>&organization;</misc>

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jmnedict 5747460 Active (id: 2352767)
東京田中千代服飾専門学校
とうきょうたなかちよふくしょくせんもんがっこう
1. [organization]
▶ Chiyo Tanaka College of Fashion Arts, Tokyo (now Shibuya Fashion and Art College)



History:
1. A 2025-11-24 01:27:02  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Redoing this old entry.

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jmnedict 5747461 Active (id: 2352820)
小樽運河
おたるうんが
1. [place]
▶ Otaru canal (Otaru, Hokkaido)



History:
2. A 2025-11-24 20:26:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-24 13:57:01  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Daijs

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/小樽運河

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jmnedict 5747462 Active (id: 2352837)
安青錦新大
あおにしきあらた
1. [person]
▶ Aonishiki Arata (sumo name of Danylo Yavhusishyn, Ukrainian sumo wrestler)



History:
2. A 2025-11-25 01:18:20  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-24 23:57:05  Nicolas Maia
  Refs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aonishiki_Arata

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