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jmdict 1004290 Active (id: 2352394)

げろげろゲロゲロ
1. [adv,adv-to] [on-mim]
▶ throwing up
▶ vomiting
2. [adv,adv-to] [on-mim]
▶ croaking (of a frog)
▶ ribbit ribbit
3. [int]
▶ gross!
▶ yuck!



History:
4. A 2025-11-21 00:58:31  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-11-20 23:13:14  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, daij, meikyo
  Comments:
See comments on 1048240.
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +11,14 @@
+<pos>&adv;</pos>
+<pos>&adv-to;</pos>
+<misc>&on-mim;</misc>
+<gloss>throwing up</gloss>
+<gloss>vomiting</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&adv;</pos>
+<pos>&adv-to;</pos>
+<misc>&on-mim;</misc>
+<gloss>croaking (of a frog)</gloss>
+<gloss>ribbit ribbit</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
@@ -12,3 +26,2 @@
-<misc>&sl;</misc>
-<gloss>that's gross!</gloss>
-<gloss>disgusting!</gloss>
+<gloss>gross!</gloss>
+<gloss>yuck!</gloss>
2. A 2019-09-16 09:48:26  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I think this is better.
  Diff:
@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ゲロゲロ</reb>
+</r_ele>
@@ -8 +11 @@
-<pos>&exp;</pos>
+<pos>&int;</pos>
@@ -10 +13 @@
-<gloss>grosses me out!</gloss>
+<gloss>that's gross!</gloss>
1. A* 2019-09-16 05:50:53  Opencooper
  Comments:
Changing from a request (haha) to an expression
  Diff:
@@ -10 +10 @@
-<gloss>gross me out!</gloss>
+<gloss>grosses me out!</gloss>

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jmdict 1045560 Active (id: 2352381)

クロール [gai1]
1. [n]
▶ crawl (swimming)
▶ front crawl
▶ forward crawl
2. [n,vs,vt] {Internet}
▶ (web) crawling

Conjugations


History:
7. A 2025-11-20 23:20:00  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -17,2 +17,3 @@
-<field>&comp;</field>
-<gloss>web crawling</gloss>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<field>&internet;</field>
+<gloss>(web) crawling</gloss>
6. A 2025-11-20 00:30:23  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
This needs to be in its own entry as it's from a different source. I have added it.
  Diff:
@@ -19,8 +18,0 @@
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<xref type="see" seq="1178750">塩素</xref>
-<field>&med;</field>
-<lsource xml:lang="ger">Chlor</lsource>
-<gloss>chlorine (Cl)</gloss>
-<gloss>serum chloride</gloss>
5. A* 2025-11-19 05:02:04  Asahi Lina <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://kotobank.jp/word/くろーる-3150465
https://www.falco.co.jp/rinsyo/detail/060083.html
Common term in standard blood tests
  Diff:
@@ -18,0 +19,8 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1178750">塩素</xref>
+<field>&med;</field>
+<lsource xml:lang="ger">Chlor</lsource>
+<gloss>chlorine (Cl)</gloss>
+<gloss>serum chloride</gloss>
4. A 2018-09-10 21:01:06  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2018-09-10 13:06:37 
  Diff:
@@ -10 +10 @@
-<gloss>crawl</gloss>
+<gloss>crawl (swimming)</gloss>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

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jmdict 1048240 Active (id: 2352393)

ケロケロけろけろ
1. [adv,adv-to] [on-mim]
▶ croaking (of a frog)
▶ ribbit ribbit
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1004840 コロコロ 7. croaking (of a frog); ribbit ribbit
2. [adv,vs] [col,on-mim]
▶ with a robotic-sounding auto-tune effect (of vocals)

Conjugations


History:
7. A 2025-11-21 00:56:35  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Yes
6. A* 2025-11-20 23:12:18  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
As K. Birch said, sense 2 is only ケロケロ. I suggest dropping ゲロゲロ from here and adding a croaking sense to our ゲロゲロ "vomiting" entry. The kokugos have them in one entry.
I don't think ゲコゲコ should be hidden. It's a completely different form. I'll make a new entry for it.
  Diff:
@@ -10,14 +9,0 @@
-<r_ele>
-<reb>ゲロゲロ</reb>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>げろげろ</reb>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>ゲコゲコ</reb>
-<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>げこげこ</reb>
-<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
-</r_ele>
@@ -28,2 +14,2 @@
-<gloss>croak (sound of a frog)</gloss>
-<gloss>ribbit</gloss>
+<gloss>croaking (of a frog)</gloss>
+<gloss>ribbit ribbit</gloss>
@@ -33 +19,2 @@
-<pos>&adv-to;</pos>
+<pos>&vs;</pos>
+<misc>&col;</misc>
@@ -35,3 +22 @@
-<gloss>robotic-sounding (of vocals)</gloss>
-<gloss>auto-tuned</gloss>
-<gloss>hard-tuned</gloss>
+<gloss>with a robotic-sounding auto-tune effect (of vocals)</gloss>
5. A 2025-11-20 05:09:00  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
ケロケロ	64195	21.3%
けろけろ	161045	53.4%
ゲロゲロ	44215	14.7%
げろげろ	18275	6.1%
ゲコゲコ	10768	3.6%
げこげこ	2921	1.0%
  Diff:
@@ -17,0 +18 @@
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
@@ -20,0 +22 @@
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
4. A* 2025-11-15 23:25:16 
  Diff:
@@ -26 +26 @@
-<gloss>croak</gloss>
+<gloss>croak (sound of a frog)</gloss>
@@ -28 +27,0 @@
-<gloss g_type="expl">sound of frogs</gloss>
3. A* 2025-11-15 08:02:26  K. Birch <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
The sense "auto-tuned" is in common parlance, and the phrase ケロケロボイス can even be found on the Japanese Wikipedia article for Auto-Tune:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/オートチューン

The term is also explained on a few publications like this:
https://utaten.com/live/kero-kero-voice/
  Comments:
The sense of "autotuned" only applies to the spelling ケロケロ. Suggestions for related entries could be ケロケロボイス (auto-tuned voice; hard-tuned vocals; robotic vocal effect; the Cher effect) and ケロる (to sound auto-tuned; to be hard-tuned); the latter of which is often used causatively as ケロらせる (to auto-tune; to hard-tune).
  Diff:
@@ -29,0 +30,8 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&adv;</pos>
+<pos>&adv-to;</pos>
+<misc>&on-mim;</misc>
+<gloss>robotic-sounding (of vocals)</gloss>
+<gloss>auto-tuned</gloss>
+<gloss>hard-tuned</gloss>
+</sense>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

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jmdict 1114720 Active (id: 2352372)

ブレインストーミングブレーンストーミング
1. [n]
▶ brainstorming
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2858869 ブレスト 1. brainstorming



History:
3. A 2025-11-20 21:26:43  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ブレインストーミング
  Comments:
ブレーンストーミング appears to be the more common form now.
  Diff:
@@ -5 +5 @@
-<reb>ブレーンストーミング</reb>
+<reb>ブレインストーミング</reb>
@@ -8 +8 @@
-<reb>ブレインストーミング</reb>
+<reb>ブレーンストーミング</reb>
2. A 2014-02-09 18:52:56  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2014-02-09 03:48:34  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijr (has both), ngrams (almost equal)
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ブレインストーミング</reb>

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jmdict 1186710 Active (id: 2353369)
化ける [ichi1,news2,nf32]
ばける [ichi1,news2,nf32]
1. [v1,vi]
▶ to take the form of (esp. in ref. to a spirit, fox, raccoon dog, etc.)
▶ to assume the shape of
▶ to turn oneself into
▶ to transform oneself into
2. [v1,vi]
▶ to disguise oneself (as)
3. [v1,vi]
▶ to change (into)
▶ to transform
▶ to metamorphose
4. [v1,vi]
▶ to change radically (for the better)
▶ to transform
▶ to improve dramatically and unexpectedly (e.g. of an actor, sportsperson, stock price)
▶ to make a complete turnaround

Conjugations


History:
7. A 2025-12-02 11:19:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2025-11-30 21:26:52  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, daij, meikyo
  Comments:
Amended senses 3 and 4 so that they align more closely with the kokugos.
  Diff:
@@ -27 +27 @@
-<gloss>to disguise oneself as</gloss>
+<gloss>to disguise oneself (as)</gloss>
@@ -32 +32,2 @@
-<gloss>to change radically</gloss>
+<gloss>to change (into)</gloss>
+<gloss>to transform</gloss>
@@ -38 +39,4 @@
-<gloss>to improve unexpectedly and dramatically (esp. of an actor, artist, rikishi, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>to change radically (for the better)</gloss>
+<gloss>to transform</gloss>
+<gloss>to improve dramatically and unexpectedly (e.g. of an actor, sportsperson, stock price)</gloss>
+<gloss>to make a complete turnaround</gloss>
5. A 2025-11-20 03:48:31  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
きれいに化ける	0
奇麗に化ける	0
  Comments:
It could be sense 3, but it's not exactly common.
4. A* 2025-11-18 13:52:06 
  Comments:
化粧できれいに化ける
3. A 2012-02-20 04:05:29  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

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jmdict 1192280 Active (id: 2352589)
家庭 [ichi1,news1,nf01]
かてい [ichi1,news1,nf01]
1. [n]
▶ home
▶ household
▶ family
▶ hearth



History:
11. A 2025-11-22 23:05:59  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
There are no strict criteria but we have some guidelines. [adj-no] is inherently problematic, as Sombrero1 showed in his excellent comment. Please see the most recent comment on 南極地方 where I discuss the tag in some detail.
Sombrero1 is correct. This is not [adj-no] as we currently use the tag.
10. A* 2025-11-20 23:07:25  Sean McBroom <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Then what criteria should determine whether a sense gets an adj-no tag? Is it based on corpus frequency, lexicalization, idiomatic English equivalents, or some other principle?
9. A* 2025-11-20 21:40:13  Sombrero1
  Comments:
> There are clearly uses of 家庭の〜, so it works as a の-adj in function.
This would imply that every N + の + N construction is adjectival in nature, which isn't the case.

の first and foremost indicates genitive case, making it quite a bit more difficult to draw a line in between "[adj-no]" and "not [adj-no]"
From what I've seen so far the [adj-no] tag is heavily dependent on the perceived degree of adjectivality, which is then often mirrored by an adjectival translation into English (take 常磐 as an example). 

While I could see "家庭の" translating as "domestic" in some cases, that seems to be about it.
In the ngrams roughly 10% of hits are 家庭の~, which isn't overwhelming.
Most collocations in the top100 ngrams don't really seem that adjectival to me. Some of the most common are:
家庭の医学 (also name of a book), a fairly standard genitive N + の + N construction
家庭の事情 (apparently also name of a film), same thing as above
家庭の教育
etc.

https://www.edrdg.org/~jwb/cgi-bin/ngramlookup?sent=家庭の&topjuku=on&top100=on


Furthermore, NINJAL corpora don't parse 家庭 as a 名詞-普通名詞-形状詞可能, which they do in cases like 空っぽ (coinciding with our tagging).
There 家庭 is simply a 名詞-普通名詞-一般 in all instances.
IIRC NINJAL uses Unidic as well


There is certainly no objective ruling to be made here, at least not on my part, but to me this does not seem like an [adj-no] either.
And if there are cases where 家庭の is indeed of adjectival nature (which I don't doubt), it doesn't seem substantial enough to warrant the tag.
8. A* 2025-11-20 17:13:24  Sean McBroom <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
家庭のテレビ	12783
Home television (family tv at home, not a genre of tv)
  Comments:
There are clearly uses of 家庭の〜, so it works as a の-adj in function.
All の-adjs are simply nouns that describe another noun using の.
7. A* 2025-11-20 10:48:30  Marcus Richert
  Comments:
I disagree with the idea that 家庭の is an adjective. "home" in "home cooking" is not an adjective either.
  Diff:
@@ -18 +17,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -23,4 +21,0 @@
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
-<gloss>homemade</gloss>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)

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jmdict 1251310 Active (id: 2352397)
経口 [news2,nf42]
けいこう [news2,nf42]
1. [adj-no]
▶ taken by mouth
▶ passed into the body via the mouth
▶ oral



History:
4. A 2025-11-21 00:59:34  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-11-20 23:59:56  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, daij
  Diff:
@@ -16,0 +17 @@
+<gloss>passed into the body via the mouth</gloss>
2. A 2018-10-31 23:49:57  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2018-10-31 19:46:30  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, daij
  Comments:
"Oral" is a bit vague.
  Diff:
@@ -15 +14,0 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -16,0 +16 @@
+<gloss>taken by mouth</gloss>

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jmdict 1323250 Active (id: 2357916)
車両 [ichi1,news1,nf04] 車輌 [spec2] 車輛 [rK]
しゃりょう [spec2,ichi1,news1,nf04]
1. [n]
▶ (wheeled) vehicle
▶ car
▶ (railroad) car
▶ (railway) carriage
▶ rolling stock



History:
12. A 2026-01-18 05:23:19  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Kanjipedia says that 輌 is an itaiji for 輛.
11. A* 2026-01-18 03:20:22 
  Comments:
輛 is not kyujitai
  Diff:
@@ -16 +16 @@
-<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
10. A 2026-01-18 00:17:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Or rK.
9. A* 2026-01-17 18:36:44  parfait8
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬───────────┬───────╮
│ 車両    │ 6,998,705 │ 87.9% │
│ 車輌    │   899,096 │ 11.3% │
│ 車輛    │    64,734 │  0.8% │ add oK (sankoku, daijr/s, etc.)
╰─ーーーーー─┴───────────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -16 +16 @@
-<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
8. A 2025-11-20 00:56:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 7 older log entries)

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jmdict 1349950 Active (id: 2352320)
松葉
まつば
1. [n]
▶ pine needle
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2841776 松の葉【まつのは】 1. pine needle



History:
2. A 2025-11-20 03:06:13  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5, 中辞典
松の葉	14588
  Comments:
I agree that the newspaper counts probably came from terms like 松葉杖.
  Diff:
@@ -6,2 +5,0 @@
-<ke_pri>news1</ke_pri>
-<ke_pri>nf21</ke_pri>
@@ -11,2 +8,0 @@
-<re_pri>news1</re_pri>
-<re_pri>nf21</re_pri>
1. A* 2025-11-19 03:10:19  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
松葉	354461	  
松葉杖	129878	   <- minus crutches
松葉ガニ	52212	   <- minus snow crab
松葉がに	34625	   <- minus snow crab
松葉蟹	21670	   <- minus snow crab
松葉博雄	19431	   <- minus name
松葉かに	16317.     <- minus snow crab
Total: 80328 , and keep subtracting from here...
  Comments:
Recommend administratively dropping all frequency tags.

Discussing English translation of Moomin(children's book) with a Japanese person who brought up "Pine Needles" as an interesting English word she found there.  Out of the blue she said "松葉" in Japanese is not even such a common word, she wasn't sure her young daughter would recognize it in Japanese.


[news1] probably also elevated by names. Such as 
松葉貴大
https://www.nikkansports.com/baseball/news/202511030001211.html

A news search is not going to return pine needles...

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jmdict 1439110 Active (id: 2352347)
天災 [ichi1,news1,nf23]
てんさい [ichi1,news1,nf23]
1. [n]
▶ natural disaster
▶ natural calamity
▶ act of God



History:
2. A 2025-11-20 06:17:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I don't think the legal context part is needed.
  Diff:
@@ -20 +20 @@
-<gloss>act of God (esp. in legal contexts)</gloss>
+<gloss>act of God</gloss>
1. A* 2025-11-20 06:10:36  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://context.reverso.net/translation/japanese-english/天災
Natural Disaster: 600
act of God: 29
Natural Calamity: 19

In eijiro:
https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q="act+of+god"
act of God
神の行為、神業
〔予知・予防が不可能な〕天災、不可抗力

Act of God(英文契約書用語の弁護士による解説)
https://www.mkikuchi-law.com/article/16263961.html
これは,英文契約書で使用される場合,通常,「天災/不可抗力」という意味で使用されます。
  Comments:
Is Calamity a BrE preference?

I happened to see an anime episode 天災 translated professionally as "an Act of God".   Apt. at least in an American insurance context as a disclaimer ("cannot be held responsible for acts of God"). In fact, all of the reverso examples are from insurance translations. Matches the kanji nicely (天).  

Wasn't hard to find a Japanese legal website that stuck 天災 and 不可抗力 right next to each other as definitions for "Act of God". (we have "act of God" for 不可抗力).  Granted this is an E->J explanation.  But you might encounter Japanese contracts translated from English, so maybe still useful :)
  Diff:
@@ -17,0 +18 @@
+<gloss>natural disaster</gloss>
@@ -19 +20 @@
-<gloss>disaster</gloss>
+<gloss>act of God (esp. in legal contexts)</gloss>

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jmdict 1468770 Active (id: 2352358)
年次 [news1,nf09]
ねんじ [news1,nf09]
1. [adj-f]
▶ annual
▶ yearly
2. [n-suf]
▶ year (e.g. of graduation, joining a company)
3. [n-suf]
《after a number》
▶ nth year (student, employee, etc.)



History:
4. A 2025-11-20 19:51:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-11-20 18:56:32  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
smk:〔順序・けじめを問題とした時の〕その年。「卒業―〔=卒業年度〕」
  Comments:
I think "order by year", which I added in 2020, is actually an unhelpful and confusing gloss. Most of the kokugos define that sense as "年の順序" but it always translates simply as "year". smk's definition is better, in my view.
I suggest making "nth year" a separate sense.
  Diff:
@@ -21,3 +21,6 @@
-<gloss>year (e.g. of graduation)</gloss>
-<gloss>nth year (e.g. student)</gloss>
-<gloss>order by year</gloss>
+<gloss>year (e.g. of graduation, joining a company)</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n-suf;</pos>
+<s_inf>after a number</s_inf>
+<gloss>nth year (student, employee, etc.)</gloss>
2. A 2020-10-27 21:46:50  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2020-10-27 21:38:39  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog, daij, meikyo
  Comments:
I don't think we need more than two senses. Only daijr has a 年度 sense, and the example is 年次予算, which the JEs translate as "annual budget".
  Diff:
@@ -15 +15 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&adj-f;</pos>
@@ -16,0 +17 @@
+<gloss>yearly</gloss>
@@ -19,7 +20,4 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<gloss>fiscal year</gloss>
-<gloss>school year</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&suf;</pos>
-<gloss>year (in some sequence)</gloss>
+<pos>&n-suf;</pos>
+<gloss>year (e.g. of graduation)</gloss>
+<gloss>nth year (e.g. student)</gloss>
+<gloss>order by year</gloss>

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jmdict 1470520 Active (id: 2352357)
脳貧血
のうひんけつ
1. [n] {medicine}
▶ cerebral anemia
▶ cerebral anaemia
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2868459 神経調節性失神【しんけいちょうせつせいしっしん】 1. neurally mediated syncope; cerebral anemia-induced syncope; NMS



History:
2. A 2025-11-20 19:50:58  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-20 10:39:21  Sombrero1
  Refs:
GG5
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<field>&med;</field>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1479920 Active (id: 2354903)
半面 [ichi1,news1,nf05]
はんめん [ichi1,news1,nf05]
1. [conj,prt]
《after the attributive form of a verb or adjective, or the particle の》
▶ while
▶ although
▶ though
▶ but
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1481000 反面 1. while; although; though; but
  ⇐ see: 2829043 半顔【はんがん】 1. half the face
2. [conj]
▶ (but) at the same time
▶ on the other hand
▶ then again
▶ and yet
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1481000 反面 2. (but) on the other hand; at the same time; then again; and yet
  ⇒ see: 1006940 その半面 1. on the other hand; at the same time
3. [n,adj-no] [rare]
▶ half the face
▶ profile
4. [n,adj-no] [rare]
▶ one side
▶ a half
▶ the other side
▶ the reverse
▶ the contrary
▶ the opposite
5. [n,adj-no] [rare]
▶ half the surface (of)



History:
15. A 2025-12-21 07:29:06  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
OK
14. A* 2025-11-30 21:41:50  Sombrero1
  Refs:
https://massif.la/ja/search?q=半面
https://context.reverso.net/translation/japanese-english/半面


Since it kind of got overshadowed before, I'm gonna put the BCCWJ data here once more:

"(4)BCCWJ (Counts in brackets are for 反面):
半面 has 250 counts in total (1069)

Sense one:
{〘活用形=連体形〙}{半面}= 58 (456)
{〘活用形=連体形〙}{半面}{、}= 45 (314)

Sense two:
{、}{半面}= 21 (117)
{、}{半面}{、}= 7 (68)
{。}{半面}=  72 (100)
{。}{半面}{、}= 63 (62)
{〘品詞=連体詞〙}{半面}= 42 (212)
Note that there may be a few missing for the counts with commas, as some of the sentences used , instead of 、.

That's 157 (45 + 7 + 63 + 42) out of 250 hits for conjunctive usage (I didn't use the counts for{。}{半面}and{、}{半面}on purpose, as they could technically include false hits for noun usage). That makes 62.8% of total usage.
Based on that I put the conjunctive senses first, as in the 反面 entry."

.
  Comments:
Both massif and reverso examples show that the conjunctive usage makes up the largest part of total usage.
In case it hasn't been noted yet, the BCCWJ data also supports this.


I get that it's currently only sankoku explicitly marking these senses, but I believe they're on the right track here.
Them also being treated as basically the same grammatical constructs in Brian's Waseda grammar textbook could technically serve as another reference here too.


I think if these two senses were to not lead, we also couldn't reasonably have these [rare] tags on the other senses. Since it's really a comparative rarity and not an absolute one.
And less stark than with 反面 at that.
13. A* 2025-11-29 11:16:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
12. A 2025-11-29 11:16:34  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I've been concerned about those proposed first two senses. After all, they're not in most references. I've come round to accepting them, although I'd be more comfortable if they didn't lead. I'll approve and leave open for a while.
11. A* 2025-11-27 19:35:08  Sombrero1
  Comments:
No worries, I figured that something along those lines had happened.

>So my [2] was the previous [2].  I only meant to say that the grammatical usage was far more common than all of these [rare] noun senses, and this term is not itself [rare]. Right now it looks like it is.

Thanks

>So, yes, to be clear, my belief is that the grammatical senses of 反面 should be all be copy/pasted straight into this entry with xrefs (maybe just one way, from here to there).  They should probably be the leading senses.  

Good, that's what I had proposed as well. I didn't think the usage of conjunctive 半面 vs 反面 was marginal enough to be reduced to a hidden form and a note in 反面. I've put the two senses from my edit back and left Jims additions from the previous edit in place.

>And who knows, we might even decide there is a subtle nuance meriting slight deviation in the glosses.  If not today, maybe tomorrow.

I actually had something like this in mind when I put "(but) at the same time" first in sense two. It's quite the minor change, but why not.


If this is approved, the incoming xref from 半顔 will need to be aligned.
And 半面 + the note would need to be removed from 反面.
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16,21 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&conj;</pos>
+<pos>&prt;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1481000">反面・1</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1481000">反面・1</xref>
+<s_inf>after the attributive form of a verb or adjective, or the particle の</s_inf>
+<gloss>while</gloss>
+<gloss>although</gloss>
+<gloss>though</gloss>
+<gloss>but</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&conj;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1481000">反面・2</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1481000">反面・2</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1006940">その半面</xref>
+<gloss>(but) at the same time</gloss>
+<gloss>on the other hand</gloss>
+<gloss>then again</gloss>
+<gloss>and yet</gloss>
+</sense>
(show/hide 10 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1490210 Active (id: 2352851)
病む [ichi1,news2,nf26]
やむ [ichi1,news2,nf26]
1. [v5m,vi]
▶ to fall ill
2. [v5m,vt]
▶ to suffer from (e.g. a disease)
▶ to have something wrong with (e.g. an inner organ)
3. [v5m,vt] [col]
▶ to be depressed
▶ to feel down
▶ to have mental health issues

Conjugations


History:
7. A 2025-11-25 03:59:32  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Seems OK. Perhaps [col] rather than [sl].
  Diff:
@@ -30,2 +30 @@
-<misc>&sl;</misc>
-<gloss>to have mental health issues</gloss>
+<misc>&col;</misc>
@@ -33,0 +33 @@
+<gloss>to have mental health issues</gloss>
6. A* 2025-11-20 20:33:48  K. Birch <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
In common parlance, the 3rd meaning is arguably the most common when used in isolation (metaphorical "illness of the heart/mind" rather than literal sickness.) A Google search for 病んでる shows articles like this (the first article notes the modern usage of 病む):
https://sanyokai-clinic.com/kokoro/4139/
https://uruoi-clinic.jp/mental-column/mental-clinic/how-to-deal-with-mental-illness/

Entries already exist that are derived from sense 3: ヤンデレ (病んでる+デレデレ、mentally ill while also madly in love) and 病み垢 (social media account where someone dumps their negative feelings).
  Comments:
Both used to describe genuine mental health issues (often depression), but also in a hyperbolic way of "I'm feeling down."
  Diff:
@@ -25,0 +26,8 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&v5m;</pos>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<misc>&sl;</misc>
+<gloss>to have mental health issues</gloss>
+<gloss>to be depressed</gloss>
+<gloss>to feel down</gloss>
5. A 2024-02-11 17:16:44  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
疚む
https://www.kanjipedia.jp/kotoba/0001388500
>> 病気になる。ながわずらいをする。「大病を―む」

No counts for 疚む (incl. inflected forms) in the google corpus.

Kyoto/Melbourne N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーー─┬───╮
│ 疚む │ 1 │
╰─ーー─┴───╯
  Comments:
Not sure 疚む is worth adding, but I'll leave this info here.
4. A 2019-02-20 22:21:18  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2019-02-20 13:58:58  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5 koj daijs
  Comments:
maybe clearer if we split into a [vi] and a [vt] sense
(koj splits this way)
  Diff:
@@ -18,0 +19,4 @@
+<gloss>to fall ill</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&v5m;</pos>
@@ -20,3 +24,2 @@
-<gloss>to fall ill</gloss>
-<gloss>to suffer from</gloss>
-<gloss>to have something wrong with</gloss>
+<gloss>to suffer from (e.g. a disease)</gloss>
+<gloss>to have something wrong with (e.g. an inner organ)</gloss>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1534790 Active (id: 2352640)
木天蓼 [rK]
またたび [gikun] マタタビ (nokanji)
1. [n] [uk]
▶ silver vine (Actinidia polygama)
▶ cat powder
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2868148 木天蓼【もくてんりょう】 1. silver vine (used in traditional Chinese medicine)
  ⇐ see: 2845848 猫にまたたびお女郎に小判【ねこにまたたびおじょろうにこばん】 1. everyone has their favorite; pick the right thing to please someone; catnip for cats, gold coins for prostitutes



History:
11. A 2025-11-23 05:27:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
10. A* 2025-11-22 22:28:35  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/マタタビ
>> 漢方では木天蓼(もくてんりょう)という。
https://www.babakanpou.co.jp/contents/minkan/matatabi.html
>> 生薬名"木天蓼(もくてんりょう)"
  Comments:
The もくてんりょう reading is used in 漢方. It needs to be split out anyway as [uk] only applies to またたび.
  Diff:
@@ -15,4 +14,0 @@
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>もくてんりょう</reb>
-<re_inf>&rk;</re_inf>
9. A 2025-11-20 00:52:34  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8. A* 2025-11-19 19:36:29  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 木天蓼     │   5,556 │  1.4% │[rK]
│ またたび    │ 281,883 │ 68.6% │
│ マタタビ    │ 123,317 │ 30.0% │moving up
│ もくてんりょう │     443 │  0.1% │
╰─ーーーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
またたび is 熟字訓 for 木天蓼

.
  Comments:
I think もくてんりょう should get [rk]. I can't see it anywhere apart from the quoted jawiki article.
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -9,3 +10 @@
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>もくてんりょう</reb>
+<re_inf>&gikun;</re_inf>
@@ -15,0 +15,4 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>もくてんりょう</reb>
+<re_inf>&rk;</re_inf>
7. A 2020-07-31 06:28:32  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinidia_polygama
  Comments:
I agree - it's straying into encyclopedia territory. The JEs don't mention it.
  Diff:
@@ -20 +19,0 @@
-<s_inf>causes euphoria in cats, akin to catnip</s_inf>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)

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jmdict 1549970 Active (id: 2352311)
理工学部 [news1,nf19]
りこうがくぶ [news1,nf19]
1. [n]
▶ faculty of science and engineering
▶ college of science and engineering
▶ school of science and engineering



History:
2. A 2025-11-20 02:53:00  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-20 02:45:09  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://www.chuo-u.ac.jp/connect/aboutus/faculty/science/
https://www.agnes.aoyama.ac.jp/
https://www.dendai.ac.jp/en/undergraduate/scienceandengineering.html
  Diff:
@@ -16 +16,3 @@
-<gloss>department of science and engineering</gloss>
+<gloss>faculty of science and engineering</gloss>
+<gloss>college of science and engineering</gloss>
+<gloss>school of science and engineering</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1550360 Active (id: 2352660)
裏声
うらごえ
1. [n]
▶ falsetto



History:
5. A 2025-11-23 07:24:50  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
All the references I have checked have 裏声 associated with the term "falsetto" in English. The only exception is Eijiro, which has "falsetto●falsetto voice●head voice". I do not regard the two terms as having the same meaning.
I was tempted to have "head voice" as a separate sense, with an xref to 頭声, but I don't think the case is strong enough.
  Diff:
@@ -13 +12,0 @@
-<gloss>head voice</gloss>
4. A* 2025-11-20 21:02:44  K. Birch <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
A previous comment noted that the term 頭声 exists as a literal equivalent to "head voice," but this is a pedogogical term used to mirror Western operatic terminology. 裏声 is the most common, understood word in spoken Japanese, and it is used loosely in a way that covers both the concepts of head voice and falsetto. It's also noteworthy that in English, the usage of the term "head voice" is not consistent either, as acknowledged by the very start of its Wikipedia article: 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_voice

Including "head voice" as another definition should be fine; having both shows the vagueness of the term.
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<gloss>head voice</gloss>
3. A 2024-09-15 20:12:09  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
*calque
2. A 2024-09-15 20:08:47  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
"Head voice" exists in Japanese as 頭声, a claque of "Kopfstimme" from German according to kojien.
None of my refs mention 頭声 in their definitions for 裏声.
  Comments:
Please offer a few words of explanation and/or relevant quotes from the article when using links as references.
  Diff:
@@ -14,4 +13,0 @@
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<gloss>head voice</gloss>
-</sense>
1. A* 2024-09-15 17:34:41 
  Refs:
https://utaten.com/karaoke/falset/
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +14,4 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>head voice</gloss>
+</sense>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1551840 Active (id: 2352296)
立法 [ichi1,news1,nf04]
りっぽう [ichi1,news1,nf04]
1. [n,vs,vt,vi]
▶ (enactment of) legislation
▶ lawmaking
2. [adj-f]
▶ legislative

Conjugations


History:
4. A 2025-11-20 00:51:32  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5
  Diff:
@@ -21 +21 @@
-<gloss>legislation (i.e. the process of making laws)</gloss>
+<gloss>(enactment of) legislation</gloss>
3. A* 2025-11-19 03:49:29  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://context.reverso.net/translation/japanese-english/立法
legislative 1420
legislation 851
law-making 18
lawmaking 11
legislating 5


立法	669684	  
立法の	66051	  
立法府	58491	  
立法措置	27132	  
立法院	22185	  
立法権	18544	  
立法者	16575	  
立法機関	15911	  
立法趣旨	13827	  
立法委員	11702	  
立法措置を	9516	  
立法論	8670	  
立法政策	8058	  
立法過程	7211	  
立法例	6395	  
立法審査	5860	

Chatgpt:
立法府	legislative body
立法措置	legislative measures
立法権	legislative power / authority
立法機関	legislative body / organ
立法趣旨	legislative intent / purpose
立法論	theory of legislation / legislative theory
立法政策	legislative policy
立法過程	legislative process	
立法例	legislative example / statutory example	“Legislative” works; could also use “statutory” in legal texts.
立法審査	legislative review

立法委員	legislator / legislative committee member
  Comments:
Compare with 法律 = legislation = laws

Open to other ideas.  Reverso shows "legislation" is the best gloss(after "legislative"...), and "lawmaking" is hardly ever used. However the primary meaning of "legislation" is as an uncountable noun for "laws".  Putting it next to "lawmaking" does not erase that.

It would be nice to remove the ambiguity.  (I just recently botched this myself).
  Diff:
@@ -21 +21 @@
-<gloss>legislation</gloss>
+<gloss>legislation (i.e. the process of making laws)</gloss>
@@ -22,0 +23,4 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&adj-f;</pos>
+<gloss>legislative</gloss>
2. A 2023-10-09 07:49:18  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
It's a general term, not one tied to the legal profession. The xrefs are not appropriate.
  Diff:
@@ -21,6 +20,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1300280">三権</xref>
-<xref type="see" seq="1282010">行政・1</xref>
-<xref type="see" seq="1306680">司法</xref>
-<xref type="see" seq="1306680">司法</xref>
-<xref type="see" seq="1306680">司法</xref>
-<field>&law;</field>
1. A* 2023-10-08 05:05:14  Shabadaba Doo <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
三省堂国語辞典 第八版
新明解国語辞典 第八版
  Comments:
Frequently contrasted to the other branches, adj-no doesn't seem appropriate and added vt and vi.
  Diff:
@@ -19 +19,7 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1300280">三権</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1282010">行政</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1282010">行政・1</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1306680">司法</xref>
+<field>&law;</field>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1607840 Active (id: 2352584)
地声
じごえ
1. [n]
▶ one's natural voice
▶ one's normal speaking voice
2. [n]
▶ chest voice
▶ modal voice



History:
2. A 2025-11-22 22:07:40  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr: 技巧的な発声をしない自然の声。
daijs: 音楽で、裏声に対して、自然な発声法で出す声。
  Comments:
Daijr/s also have it.
1. A* 2025-11-20 19:56:47  K. Birch <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/地声
The Wikipedia article 地声 discusses this 2nd musical sense of "chest voice".
  Comments:
Coordinate term is 裏声 (falsetto / head voice).
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13,6 @@
+<gloss>one's normal speaking voice</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>chest voice</gloss>
+<gloss>modal voice</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1609970 Active (id: 2352583)
知らず知らず [ichi1] 知らず識らず [rK] 不知不識 [rK] 不識不知 [sK]
しらずしらず [ichi1]
1. [adv]
▶ unconsciously
▶ without knowing it
▶ unwittingly
▶ unawares



History:
5. A 2025-11-22 21:57:06  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog
  Comments:
I think it's OK as an rK form.
  Diff:
@@ -26,0 +27 @@
+<gloss>without knowing it</gloss>
4. A* 2025-11-20 21:53:43  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Based purely on references しらずしらず seems to be more common for 不知不識.
That said, 不知不識 itself is not common and I thus wasn't able to source any examples with confirmed readings (a shame that yourei.jp is gone).

不知不識(しらずしらず): Nikkoku, Shinsen, Saito, Oukoku, Iwakoku, GendaiRK, Koj
不知不識(ふちふしき): Daijs, Nikkoku

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬─────┬───────╮
│ 不知不識 │ 371 │ 93.9% │
│ 不識不知 │  24 │  6.1% │add; [sK]
╰─ーーーー─┴─────┴───────╯
Nikkoku even has just these two for しらずしらず

Smk: もとは「{不知}{不識}」と書いて、返り読みをした。

.
  Comments:
Based on that I don't think 不知不識 should be dropped.
At the minimum it should be included as an [sK], though I don't see the harm in having it as an [rK] as it meets the threshold.
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +11,8 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>不知不識</keb>
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>不識不知</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
3. A* 2025-11-20 03:52:55  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Since 不知不識/ふちふしき is a separate entry, with an xref to here, I think it can be dropped as a kanji form. It's at best a wierd gikun use of しらずしらず.
  Diff:
@@ -10,4 +9,0 @@
-<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>不知不識</keb>
2. A* 2025-11-18 18:15:46  GM <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
知らず知らず 345,792  97.6% 
知らず識らず   1,560   0.4% -rK (daijs)
不知不識       371   0.1% -rK (oukoku)
しらずしらず   6,605   1.9%
  Comments:
I think we can drop the [yoji].
  Diff:
@@ -9,0 +10 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -12,0 +14 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -20 +21,0 @@
-<misc>&yoji;</misc>
1. A 2022-08-10 08:09:08  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Adding yoji tags based on gakken, shinmeikai and-or jitenon
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -19,0 +20 @@
+<misc>&yoji;</misc>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1611490 Active (id: 2352362)
法学部 [ichi1]
ほうがくぶ [ichi1]
1. [n]
▶ faculty of law
▶ school of law
▶ college of law



History:
3. A 2025-11-20 20:04:53  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +14 @@
+<gloss>faculty of law</gloss>
@@ -15 +16 @@
-<gloss>faculty of law</gloss>
+<gloss>college of law</gloss>
2. A 2024-06-01 20:43:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2024-06-01 18:37:53  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, reverso
  Diff:
@@ -14,2 +14,2 @@
-<gloss>law department</gloss>
-<gloss>law school</gloss>
+<gloss>school of law</gloss>
+<gloss>faculty of law</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1652620 Active (id: 2352823)
筒抜け [news2,nf43]
つつぬけ [news2,nf43]
1. [n]
▶ being heard (by others)
▶ being overheard
▶ being leaked (of plans, secrets, etc.)
2. [n]
▶ going in one ear and out the other



History:
6. A 2025-11-24 22:34:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2025-11-24 19:29:47  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog, daij
  Comments:
I don't like "being compromised".
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16 @@
+<gloss>being heard (by others)</gloss>
@@ -17,2 +18 @@
-<gloss>being leaked (e.g. secrets)</gloss>
-<gloss>being compromised</gloss>
+<gloss>being leaked (of plans, secrets, etc.)</gloss>
4. A 2025-11-20 00:49:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Hardly needed.
3. A* 2025-11-19 04:49:35 
  Diff:
@@ -17,0 +18 @@
+<gloss>being compromised</gloss>
2. A 2012-05-07 02:15:26  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1656030 Active (id: 2352368)
文学部
ぶんがくぶ
1. [n]
▶ faculty of letters
▶ college of letters
▶ school of humanities



History:
5. A 2025-11-20 20:50:39  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
English n-grams
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13,2 @@
-<gloss>faculty of humanities</gloss>
+<gloss>college of letters</gloss>
+<gloss>school of humanities</gloss>
4. A 2025-11-20 00:49:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-11-19 12:29:28  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/文学部
nikk: 大学で文学系(哲学・歴史学・文芸学・社会学など)の学問を専攻する学部。
https://www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/en/academics/facultyofletters.html
https://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en/about/profile/faculty/faculties-and-graduate/faculty-of-letters-graduate-school-of-letters
  Comments:
GG5 has "department of literature" but 文学部 is not limited to literature. In Japanese universities, it's typically rendered as "Faculty of Letters".
  Diff:
@@ -12,2 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>department of literature</gloss>
-<gloss>school of humanities</gloss>
+<gloss>faculty of letters</gloss>
+<gloss>faculty of humanities</gloss>
2. A 2024-05-31 20:30:17  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2024-05-31 19:46:59  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, chujiten, jawiki, nikk
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>department (faculty) of literature</gloss>
+<gloss>department of literature</gloss>
+<gloss>school of humanities</gloss>

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jmdict 1761760 Active (id: 2352369)
教養学部
きょうようがくぶ
1. [n]
▶ faculty of liberal arts
▶ college of liberal arts



History:
3. A 2025-11-20 21:00:30  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
reverso
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<gloss>college of liberal arts</gloss>
2. A 2025-11-20 00:48:04  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-19 19:35:12  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
prog, luminous
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/教養学部
https://arts.kyy.saitama-u.ac.jp/
  Comments:
GG5 treats 教養学部 and 教養部 as synonyms but they're different.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<gloss>college of general education</gloss>
+<gloss>faculty of liberal arts</gloss>

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jmdict 1933400 Active (id: 2352356)
教養部
きょうようぶ
1. [n] [hist]
▶ general education division (at Japanese universities; phased out after the 1991 reforms)
▶ department of general eduction
▶ college of general education



History:
4. A 2025-11-20 19:50:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-11-20 10:50:20 
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<misc>&hist;</misc>
2. A 2025-11-20 00:47:27  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-19 21:07:47  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/教養部
  Comments:
Responsible for first and second-year general-education courses until they were abolished in the 90s and 2000s.
Many universities used "College of General Education" for the English name. Also referred to as a "division" or "department". It wasn't a 学部 (faculty/school).
  Diff:
@@ -12,2 +12,3 @@
-<gloss>college of liberal arts (general education)</gloss>
-<gloss>liberal arts school</gloss>
+<gloss>general education division (at Japanese universities; phased out after the 1991 reforms)</gloss>
+<gloss>department of general eduction</gloss>
+<gloss>college of general education</gloss>

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jmdict 1945150 Active (id: 2352312)
農学部 [news1,nf16]
のうがくぶ [news1,nf16]
1. [n]
▶ faculty of agriculture
▶ school of agriculture
▶ department of agriculture



History:
2. A 2025-11-20 02:53:30  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-20 01:53:53  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
reverso
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16,2 @@
+<gloss>faculty of agriculture</gloss>
+<gloss>school of agriculture</gloss>

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jmdict 2020100 Active (id: 2358967)
目覚ます目覚す [sK]
めざます
1. [v5s,vt]
▶ to wake (someone) up
▶ to awaken
▶ to rouse
2. [v5s,vt]
▶ to rouse (emotions, instincts, etc.)
▶ to arouse
▶ to awaken
▶ to stir

Conjugations


History:
5. A 2026-01-29 20:25:01  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2026-01-29 19:17:17  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I don't think this is [form] as we currently use it. No tag in meikyo or smk.
  Diff:
@@ -17 +16,0 @@
-<misc>&form;</misc>
@@ -18,0 +18 @@
+<gloss>to awaken</gloss>
@@ -24,3 +24 @@
-<misc>&form;</misc>
-<gloss>to stir up (e.g. someone's conscience)</gloss>
-<gloss>to evoke</gloss>
+<gloss>to rouse (emotions, instincts, etc.)</gloss>
@@ -27,0 +26,2 @@
+<gloss>to awaken</gloss>
+<gloss>to stir</gloss>
3. A 2025-11-20 00:47:03  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Trimming. I think those extensions don't really add much.
  Diff:
@@ -19,2 +19 @@
-<gloss>to rouse (from sleep)</gloss>
-<gloss>to awaken (someone)</gloss>
+<gloss>to rouse</gloss>
@@ -27 +26 @@
-<gloss>to evoke (e.g. a feeling)</gloss>
+<gloss>to evoke</gloss>
2. A* 2025-11-19 16:58:19  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Sankoku, GG5, Luminous

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ 目覚ます │ 1,472 │ 95.1% │
│ 目覚す  │    76 │  4.9% │Smk, daijr, saito; add; [sK]
╰─ーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>目覚す</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -12 +16,13 @@
-<gloss>to wake up</gloss>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<misc>&form;</misc>
+<gloss>to wake (someone) up</gloss>
+<gloss>to rouse (from sleep)</gloss>
+<gloss>to awaken (someone)</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&v5s;</pos>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<misc>&form;</misc>
+<gloss>to stir up (e.g. someone's conscience)</gloss>
+<gloss>to evoke (e.g. a feeling)</gloss>
+<gloss>to arouse</gloss>
1. A 2004-08-05 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2037590 Active (id: 2352313)

チューインガムチューイングガムチューイン・ガムチューイング・ガムチュウインガム [sk]
1. [n]
▶ chewing gum
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1040350 ガム 1. chewing gum



History:
8. A 2025-11-20 02:54:04  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7. A* 2025-11-20 01:48:57  Joe Murray
  Refs:
チューイングガム	9996	18.0% - adding this
チューインガム	44517	80.3%
チュウインガム	931	1.7%
  Diff:
@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@
+<reb>チューイングガム</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
@@ -8,0 +12,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>チューイング・ガム</reb>
6. A 2023-08-31 01:48:56  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2023-08-30 23:47:52  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ チューインガム  │ 44,517 │ 97.6% │
│ チューイン・ガム │    143 │  0.3% │
│ チュウインガム  │    931 │  2.0% │ - sk
│ チュウイン・ガム │      0 │  0.0% │
╰─ーーーーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -8 +8 @@
-<reb>チュウインガム</reb>
+<reb>チューイン・ガム</reb>
@@ -11 +11,2 @@
-<reb>チューイン・ガム</reb>
+<reb>チュウインガム</reb>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
4. A 2013-05-11 09:01:29  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +10,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>チューイン・ガム</reb>
+</r_ele>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

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jmdict 2450960 Deleted (id: 2352343)
総合文化
そうごうぶんか
1. [n,adj-f]
▶ culture
▶ arts and sciences



History:
5. D 2025-11-20 05:05:49  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Yes, I can see it doesn't really have an independent existence as a term.
4. A* 2025-11-20 03:50:57  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I was questioning the value of this entry. I'm not sure it's needed.
3. A 2025-11-20 02:55:07  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2025-11-20 01:36:41  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
総合文化	        97,906		
総合文化は	29		
総合文化が	0				
総合文化の	256				
総合文化に	0		
総合文化を	61	
---
総合文化センター	27,970			
総合文化会館	9,933		
総合文化研究	9,850		
総合文化研究科	9,599		
総合文化学科	6,284			
総合文化施設	2,410
  Comments:
This is used almost exclusively in compounds and names of academic departments and institutions.
Some universities have a 総合文化学科, which is variously translated as "department of arts and science", "department of integrated cultural studies" and "department of intercultural studies", etc.
Not really comfortable with it as any entry. I'm not sure it's even a lexical unit. Feels analogous to "national health" in "national health insurance", "national health policy", "national health survey", etc.
1. A 2009-05-24 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2504970 Active (id: 2352375)

ブレインウォッシングブレーンウォッシング [sk]
1. [n]
▶ brainwashing
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1391030 洗脳 1. brainwashing



History:
4. A 2025-11-20 21:42:47  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
ブレーンウォッシング is in daijr/s but it gets barely any web hits. I think we can hide it. ブレーン is visible on the ブレーン/ブレイン entry.
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
@@ -11,0 +13 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1391030">洗脳</xref>
3. A 2025-11-20 04:36:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Quiet
2. A* 2025-11-18 22:25:33  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
ブレーンウォッシング	0	0.0%
ブレインウォッシング	62	100.0%
  Diff:
@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ブレインウォッシング</reb>
+</r_ele>
1. A 2009-07-17 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2532170 Active (id: 2352690)
尿中
にょうちゅう
1. [adj-no]
▶ in the urine



History:
4. A 2025-11-23 15:24:18  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<gloss>in urine</gloss>
+<gloss>in the urine</gloss>
3. A 2025-11-23 07:51:10  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2025-11-20 23:35:58  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -11 +10,0 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -13 +12 @@
-<gloss>urine</gloss>
+<gloss>in urine</gloss>
1. A 2010-03-18 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2532920 Active (id: 2352395)
血中
けっちゅう
1. [adj-no]
▶ in the blood



History:
3. A 2025-11-21 00:58:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2025-11-20 23:40:34  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, eij, reverso
  Comments:
It does not mean "blood content".
  Diff:
@@ -11,5 +10,0 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<xref type="see" seq="2532930">血液中</xref>
-<gloss>blood content</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
@@ -17,2 +12 @@
-<gloss>blood borne</gloss>
-<gloss>within the blood</gloss>
+<gloss>in the blood</gloss>
1. A 2010-03-18 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2747960 Active (id: 2352290)

スー
1. [num] Source lang: chi "sì"
▶ four



History:
5. A 2025-11-20 00:42:53  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Yes, there was a long discussion in 2012 about these Chinese-derived versions. Since they are in several kokugos they should stay here.
4. A* 2025-11-19 16:21:26  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Daijr

.
  Comments:
This is not the main entry for 四, see 1579470 for that.
Rather it's for the chinese pronounciation, as indicated by the [lsrc] tag.

Reverting
  Diff:
@@ -8,4 +8 @@
-<reb>よん</reb>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>し</reb>
+<reb>スー</reb>
3. A* 2025-11-19 10:35:57  Francis Bond <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I am not sure when if ever it is pronounced su-
  Diff:
@@ -8 +8,4 @@
-<reb>スー</reb>
+<reb>よん</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>し</reb>
2. A 2012-10-01 00:58:58  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-09-27 05:58:12  Marcus
  Refs:
See discussion on 1461140.
daijs

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jmdict 2858869 Active (id: 2352373)

ブレスト
1. [n] [abbr]
▶ brainstorming
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1114720 ブレインストーミング 1. brainstorming



History:
2. A 2025-11-20 21:27:04  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -9 +9 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1114720">ブレーンストーミング</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1114720">ブレインストーミング</xref>
1. A 2023-09-27 12:46:48  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Split from 1114780.

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jmdict 2860036 Active (id: 2352732)
小人 [spec2,news2,nf26]
こびと [spec2,news2,nf26]
1. [n]
▶ little person (in folklore and fantasy, e.g. fairy, elf, gnome)
▶ little people
▶ dwarf
2. [n]
▶ little person (i.e. a person with dwarfism)
▶ dwarf
▶ midget



History:
11. A 2025-11-23 22:19:37  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
10. A* 2025-11-23 17:23:34  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/小人_(伝説の生物)
>> 明治・大正時代以降に幼年向けの童話作品などを通じて日本で一般的になったファンタジー作品の「小人」は、フェアリー・エルフ・ピクシーなどを指したものがほとんどを占めている。[...]「小人」という呼称の使用は商業出版物では新規に用いられることは減っているが、漫画・アニメなどの創作作品で「小人のイメージ」が登場する場合は、おとぎ話の一寸法師イメージを除けば基本的にはフェアリー的な意味合いの「小人のイメージ」が用いられることが主流[要出典]である
  Comments:
I was mistaken. I associate 小人 very strongly with the the dwarfs in Snow White and I'm accustomed to seeing 妖精 used for "fairy" and similar creatures from Western folklore.
I think "dwarf" is fine as a gloss but I'll move it down. All the EJs have 小人 for "dwarf" and smk's example for 小人 is「白雪姫と七人の―」. The other small creatures/beings might be better as examples.
I'll switch the order of the senses.
  Diff:
@@ -18 +18,2 @@
-<gloss>little person</gloss>
+<gloss>little person (in folklore and fantasy, e.g. fairy, elf, gnome)</gloss>
+<gloss>little people</gloss>
@@ -20 +20,0 @@
-<gloss>midget</gloss>
@@ -24,2 +24,3 @@
-<gloss>dwarf (in folklore and fantasy)</gloss>
-<gloss>little people</gloss>
+<gloss>little person (i.e. a person with dwarfism)</gloss>
+<gloss>dwarf</gloss>
+<gloss>midget</gloss>
9. A* 2025-11-23 11:00:34 
  Refs:
koj: 伝説・物語などに出てくる体の小さい想像上の人間。一寸法師など。
  Comments:
I don't like dwarf, because it implies a body of certain proportions, and I dare say dwarves tend to be rather tall, but this is about tiny people, maybe 30 cm or less in height, such as
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Poor_little_birdie_teased_by_Richard_Doyle.jpg (found on the wikipedia page for elf)

would anybody call issun boushi a dwarf?

gnome, elf, leprechaun, sprite, pixie are roughly correct in size at least even if they imply some sort of magical creature.

in addition, sense 1 may not be modern, since smaller kokugos such as meikyo choose to omit it
8. A 2025-11-23 05:26:03  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7. A* 2025-11-22 21:47:55  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarfism#Terminology
  Comments:
"little person" is the preferred term for people with dwarfism. Dwarf is sometimes considered offensive. Midget is almost always offensive.
I don't think "gnome" are "elf" are typically translated as 小人. 
I don't think we need "Lilliputian".
  Diff:
@@ -17,0 +18 @@
+<gloss>little person</gloss>
@@ -20 +20,0 @@
-<gloss>pygmy</gloss>
@@ -24,2 +24 @@
-<gloss>gnome</gloss>
-<gloss>elf</gloss>
+<gloss>dwarf (in folklore and fantasy)</gloss>
@@ -27 +25,0 @@
-<gloss>Lilliputian</gloss>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)

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jmdict 2860932 Active (id: 2352363)
歯学部
しがくぶ
1. [n]
▶ faculty of dentistry
▶ school of dentistry
▶ dental school



History:
5. A 2025-11-20 20:13:00  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<gloss>faculty of dentistry</gloss>
@@ -13 +13,0 @@
-<gloss>faculty of dentistry</gloss>
4. A 2024-06-02 21:38:00  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2024-06-02 20:45:02  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
"department of dentistry" is uncommon. Japanese universities mostly use these names.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +11,0 @@
-<gloss>department of dentistry</gloss>
@@ -13,0 +13,2 @@
+<gloss>faculty of dentistry</gloss>
+<gloss>dental school</gloss>
2. A 2024-04-10 22:42:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2024-04-10 19:01:14  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog, wisdom
歯学部	113,041

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jmdict 2861168 Active (id: 2352288)
体育学部
たいいくがくぶ
1. [n]
▶ faculty of physical education
▶ school of physical education



History:
4. A 2025-11-20 00:39:03  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-11-19 23:51:53  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
These are the names used by Japanese universities.
GG5 has "faculty of physical education" for 体育学部 and "department of physical education" for 体育学科.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>department of physical education</gloss>
+<gloss>faculty of physical education</gloss>
+<gloss>school of physical education</gloss>
2. A 2024-05-08 20:11:19  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2024-05-07 11:16:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5
体育学部  14201

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jmdict 2861230 Active (id: 2352317)
総合科学部
そうごうかがくぶ
1. [n]
▶ faculty of integrated arts and sciences
▶ school of integrated arts and sciences



History:
4. A 2025-11-20 02:55:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-11-20 02:50:16  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
The two universities linked below use these names.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>department of integrated arts and sciences</gloss>
+<gloss>faculty of integrated arts and sciences</gloss>
+<gloss>school of integrated arts and sciences</gloss>
2. A 2024-05-16 23:12:19  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2024-05-10 11:52:56  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://www.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/souka
https://www.ias.tokushima-u.ac.jp/
総合科学部	17539
  Comments:
A couple of universities have them.
  Diff:
@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
-<ent_corp type="jmnedict">jmnedict</ent_corp>
-<ent_seq>5566766</ent_seq>
+<ent_corp type="jmdict">jmdict</ent_corp>
@@ -5 +4 @@
-<keb>徳島大総合科学部</keb>
+<keb>総合科学部</keb>
@@ -8 +7 @@
-<reb>とくしまだいそうごうかがくぶ</reb>
+<reb>そうごうかがくぶ</reb>
@@ -11,2 +10,2 @@
-<misc>&place;</misc>
-<gloss>Tokushimadaisougoukagakubu</gloss>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>department of integrated arts and sciences</gloss>

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jmdict 2862731 Active (id: 2352342)
海苔波形
のりはけい
1. [n] {music}
▶ brick-walled waveform



History:
4. A 2025-11-20 05:04:26  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I guess so.
3. A* 2025-11-15 08:11:12  K. Birch <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
"Clipped waveform" is a somewhat similar but different concept in audio engineering, and we don't say "nori waveform" in English, so the only correct meaning here that should be kept is "brick-walled waveform".
  Diff:
@@ -13,2 +12,0 @@
-<gloss>clipped waveform</gloss>
-<gloss>nori waveform</gloss>
2. A 2024-10-11 05:29:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
0 n-grams.
  Comments:
A bit doubtful.
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13,2 @@
+<gloss>clipped waveform</gloss>
+<gloss>nori waveform</gloss>
1. A* 2024-09-24 08:17:53 
  Refs:
https://www.g200kg.com/jp/docs/dic/norihakei.html
過度に音圧をあげた結果として、波形エディターで見ると、まるで海苔を貼り付けたかのように同じ幅の帯で隙間無くフルに埋め尽くされている波形の事を指す俗語。

https://note.com/masatsumu/n/n20834b7816e9
2mixのデータでリミットをかけて出来る、海苔のような長方形の波形のことをいいます。

https://soundevotee.net/blog/2021/03/25/thimeo-perfectdeclipper-naturaldynamics/
録音音楽をコンピューターに取り込んでDAWなどで波形を表示した際に波形のギザギザした部分がぺったんこに刈り取られて、全体が四角い「海苔」を彷彿とさせる形状に見えることから呼ばれるアレ。

https://dtm-hyper.com/dict/n.html#a_.E6.B5.B7.E8.8B.94.E6.B3.A2.E5.BD.A2
音圧が非常に高い音源の波形のこと。

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jmdict 2867886 Active (id: 2352346)

アイドグラフ
1. [n]
▶ eidograph



History:
2. A 2025-11-20 06:14:59  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Rare, but in a couple of refs.
1. A* 2025-11-12 04:16:48 
  Refs:
大辞泉 第二版

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jmdict 2867984 Active (id: 2352355)
反射性
はんしゃせい
1. [n] {physics}
▶ reflectivity
▶ reflectiveness
2. [n] {physiology}
▶ reflexivity
▶ reflexiveness



History:
4. A 2025-11-20 19:48:30  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Yes, in line with 反射.
3. A* 2025-11-20 10:37:42  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 反射性      │ 15,674 │ 52.0% │
│ 反射性の     │  2,611 │  8.7% │
│ 反射性交感神経  │  2,219 │  7.4% │
│ 反射性交感神経性 │  1,803 │  6.0% │
│ 反射性能     │  1,440 │  4.8% │
│ 反射性尿     │  1,262 │  4.2% │
│ 反射性尿失禁   │  1,258 │  4.2% │
│ 反射性を     │  1,072 │  3.6% │
│ 反射性尿失禁だ  │  1,065 │  3.5% │
│ 反射性尿失禁だと │  1,065 │  3.5% │
│ 反射性に     │    659 │  2.2% │
╰─ーーーーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
日外35万語科学技術用語大辞典

.
  Comments:
I think it should be two senses as in the base entry, with appropriate tagging.
反射性てんかん (反射性癲癇) can't be "reflective epilepsy"
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<field>&physics;</field>
@@ -13,0 +15,4 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<field>&physiol;</field>
@@ -15 +20 @@
-<gloss>reflexiveness.</gloss>
+<gloss>reflexiveness</gloss>
2. A 2025-11-20 04:30:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Quiet
1. A* 2025-11-14 19:59:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
反射性	15674
GG5, LSD

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jmdict 2868061 Active (id: 2352324)
内部生
ないぶせい
1. [n]
▶ student enrolled from an affiliated lower-level school



History:
2. A 2025-11-20 03:54:17  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-17 00:07:04  Joe Murray
  Refs:
https://kotobank.jp/word/内部生-668794

daijs

内部生	14032

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jmdict 2868062 Active (id: 2352325)
外部生
がいぶせい
1. [n]
▶ student enrolled from an unaffiliated lower-level school



History:
2. A 2025-11-20 03:54:35  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-17 00:09:57  Joe Murray
  Refs:
https://kotobank.jp/word/外部生-666825#w-666825

外部生	7685

daijs

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jmdict 2868081 Active (id: 2352318)
箱罠
はこわな
1. [n]
▶ box trap
▶ cage trap



History:
2. A 2025-11-20 02:59:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
KOD
箱罠	672
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<gloss>cage trap</gloss>
1. A* 2025-11-18 04:12:24  Marcus Aseth <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/箱罠

used at 6:35 in the video below
https://www.youtube.com/live/Th8vCPmdceU?si=z9qFTgTRqYJzFT0Z&t=395

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jmdict 2868083 Active (id: 2352371)
脳の霧
のうのきり
1. [exp,n]
▶ brain fog
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2868082 ブレインフォグ 1. brain fog



History:
3. A 2025-11-20 21:21:35  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2868082">ブレインフォグ</xref>
2. A 2025-11-20 03:00:26  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +11 @@
+<pos>&exp;</pos>
1. A* 2025-11-18 09:36:37 
  Refs:
daijs: https://kotobank.jp/word/脳の霧-2626959

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jmdict 2868091 Active (id: 2352310)
打草驚蛇
だそうきょうだ
1. [n] [yoji]
▶ prodding the unknown may bring about unnecessary trouble
▶ brushing a patch of grass may startle a snake



History:
2. A 2025-11-20 02:51:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
打草驚蛇	99
1. A* 2025-11-19 07:24:33  <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/打草驚蛇
https://yoji.jitenon.jp/yojih/3632
  Comments:
Very similar to 藪を突いて蛇を出す

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jmdict 2868092 Active (id: 2352287)
人がましい
ひとがましい
1. [adj-i]
▶ respectable
▶ ordinary
▶ normal

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2025-11-20 00:35:14  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
人がましい	213
KOD
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +14 @@
+<gloss>normal</gloss>
1. A* 2025-11-19 08:09:23 
  Refs:
https://www.weblio.jp/content/人がましい

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jmdict 2868093 Active (id: 2353027)
証を立てる証をたてる [sK] 証しを立てる [sK] あかしを立てる [sK]
あかしをたてる
1. [exp,v1]
▶ to prove
▶ to establish
▶ to give evidence (for)

Conjugations


History:
9. A 2025-11-27 16:12:24  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Oops. Nice catch.
8. A* 2025-11-27 16:08:30 
  Diff:
@@ -24 +24 @@
-<pos>&v5s;</pos>
+<pos>&v1;</pos>
7. A 2025-11-25 01:36:38  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2025-11-24 23:45:43  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, chujiten
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15,4 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>あかしを立てる</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
@@ -22 +26,2 @@
-<gloss>to make clear</gloss>
+<gloss>to establish</gloss>
+<gloss>to give evidence (for)</gloss>
5. A 2025-11-23 16:22:52  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ 証を立てる   │ 1,663 │ 66.7% │
│ 証をたてる   │   299 │ 12.0% │
│ 証しを立てる  │   243 │  9.7% │
│ あかしを立てる │   181 │  7.3% │
│ 証しをたてる  │    61 │  2.4% │
│ あかしをたてる │    48 │  1.9% │
╰─ーーーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -7,0 +8,4 @@
+<keb>証をたてる</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
@@ -8,0 +13 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)

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jmdict 2868094 Active (id: 2352308)
文理学部
ぶんりがくぶ
1. [n]
▶ faculty of humanities and sciences
▶ college of arts and sciences
▶ school of arts and sciences



History:
4. A 2025-11-20 02:48:50  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Yes school or college is better.
3. A* 2025-11-20 02:36:28  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://chs.nihon-u.ac.jp/english/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_of_arts_and_sciences
  Comments:
I don't think "department" would typically be used for a broad top-level division like this.
I didn't notice that Nihon University actually uses "college". Most Japanese 学部 are called faculties in English. 
Many American universities have a college/school of arts and sciences, which I think is equivalent to 文理学部.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +11,0 @@
-<gloss>department of humanities and sciences</gloss>
@@ -13,0 +13,2 @@
+<gloss>college of arts and sciences</gloss>
+<gloss>school of arts and sciences</gloss>
2. A 2025-11-19 23:31:44  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
中辞典
  Comments:
Just making clearer it's the organizational unit; not the staff.
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<gloss>department of humanities and sciences</gloss>
1. A* 2025-11-19 13:56:47  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog, luminous, wisdom
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/文学部#文理学部
  Comments:
Nihon University is the only Japanese university that still has a 文理学部.

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jmdict 2868098 Active (id: 2352286)
国際性
こくさいせい
1. [n]
▶ internationalism
▶ cosmopolitanism
▶ international character



History:
2. A 2025-11-20 00:31:18  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-19 17:07:52  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, chujiten, RP, eij
国際性	48,573

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jmdict 2868103 Active (id: 2352285)
健康科学
けんこうかがく
1. [n]
▶ health sciences
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2868110 健康学【けんこうがく】 1. health sciences



History:
2. A 2025-11-20 00:30:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-19 23:37:02  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
KOD追加語彙, jawiki, eij

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jmdict 2868104 Active (id: 2352391)

クロールクロル
1. [n] Source lang: ger "Chlor"
▶ chlorine (Cl)
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1178750 塩素 1. chlorine (Cl)
2. [n] {medicine}
▶ chloride (in blood or urine)



History:
3. A 2025-11-21 00:55:32  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
OK
2. A* 2025-11-20 23:31:02  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Not described as a medial term in the kokugos.
We could have a second sense.
  Diff:
@@ -13 +12,0 @@
-<field>&med;</field>
@@ -16 +15,5 @@
-<gloss>serum chloride</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<field>&med;</field>
+<gloss>chloride (in blood or urine)</gloss>
1. A 2025-11-20 00:29:27  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Split from 1045560.

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jmdict 2868105 Active (id: 2352314)
語彙項目
ごいこうもく
1. [n] {linguistics}
▶ lexical item
▶ lexical unit



History:
2. A 2025-11-20 02:54:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-20 01:43:12  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, RP, eij, jawiki

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jmdict 2868106 Active (id: 2352315)
環境経済学
けいざいかんきょうがく
1. [n]
▶ environmental economics



History:
2. A 2025-11-20 02:54:49  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-20 01:44:35  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, daijr, koj

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jmdict 2868107 Active (id: 2352361)

インロック
1. [n,vs] Source lang: eng(wasei) "in lock"
▶ locking oneself out of one's car with the keys left inside
▶ car lockout

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2025-11-20 20:04:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://www.zurich.co.jp/car/useful/guide/cc-if-it-is-locked-out/
  Comments:
Seems to be another rare sense about weaving.
1. A* 2025-11-20 09:54:19  GM <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr

インロック 18,800 

インロックして 1,155 
インロックした   684 
インロックする    65
  Comments:
Saw it on TV.

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jmdict 2868108 Active (id: 2352543)

チェストボイスチェスト・ボイス
1. [n]
▶ chest voice
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1607860 胸声 1. chest voice



History:
2. A 2025-11-22 21:15:03  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs
チェストボイス	450		
胸声	        2,504
  Diff:
@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>チェスト・ボイス</reb>
+</r_ele>
@@ -8,0 +12 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1607860">胸声</xref>
1. A* 2025-11-20 19:59:47  K. Birch <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
An entry already exists for the coordinate term ヘッドボイス.

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jmdict 2868109 Active (id: 2352365)
歯科医学
しかいがく
1. [n]
▶ dental medicine
▶ dentistry



History:
2. A 2025-11-20 20:19:20  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-20 20:15:24  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, jawiki, eij

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jmdict 2868110 Active (id: 2352389)
健康学
けんこうがく
1. [n]
▶ health sciences
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2868103 健康科学 1. health sciences



History:
2. A 2025-11-21 00:51:47  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-20 20:35:52  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
KOD追加語彙	
健康学	25,112	
健康科学	70,083

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jmdict 2868111 Active (id: 2352392)

ゲコゲコげこげこ
1. [adv,adv-to] [on-mim]
▶ croaking (of a frog)
▶ ribbit ribbit



History:
2. A 2025-11-21 00:56:04  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-20 23:17:05  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Split from 1048240.

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jmdict 2868112 Active (id: 2352436)
拍節
はくせつ
1. [n] {music}
▶ pulse



History:
3. A 2025-11-21 15:09:51  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_(music)
>> Pulse is related to and distinguished from rhythm (grouping), beats, and meter
  Comments:
Related to metre but not the same thing.
  Diff:
@@ -14,2 +13,0 @@
-<gloss>meter</gloss>
-<gloss>metre</gloss>
2. A 2025-11-21 00:54:21  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
ルミナス
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +14,2 @@
+<gloss>meter</gloss>
+<gloss>metre</gloss>
1. A* 2025-11-20 23:32:01  Joe Murray
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/拍節
http://kotobank.jp/word/拍節-113736#w-600305

daijs, wiki


拍節	3451

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jmnedict 5055375 Deleted (id: 2352331)
トヨタ自動車下山工場
トヨタじどうしゃしもやまこうじょう
1. [place]
▶ Toyotajidoushashimoyama Factory



History:
1. D 2025-11-20 04:27:31  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
An actual plant, but the term can be easily parsed.

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jmnedict 5055376 Deleted (id: 2352332)
トヨタ自動車九州工場
トヨタじどうしゃきゅうしゅうこうじょう
1. [place]
▶ Toyotajidoushakyūshuu Factory



History:
2. D 2025-11-20 04:27:49  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
An actual plant, but the term can be easily parsed.
1. A 2021-08-10 04:02:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
 kyuu to kyū conversion
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<gloss>Toyotajidoushakyuushuu Factory</gloss>
+<gloss>Toyotajidoushakyūshuu Factory</gloss>

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jmnedict 5055377 Deleted (id: 2352327)
トヨタ自動車研究所
トヨタじどうしゃけんきゅうじょ
1. [place]
▶ Toyotajidoushakenkyūjo



History:
2. D 2025-11-20 04:17:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Does not appear to be the name of a specific place.
1. A 2021-08-10 04:02:37  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
 kyuu to kyū conversion
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<gloss>Toyotajidoushakenkyuujo</gloss>
+<gloss>Toyotajidoushakenkyūjo</gloss>

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jmnedict 5055378 Deleted (id: 2352333)
トヨタ自動車元町工場
トヨタじどうしゃもとまちこうじょう
1. [place]
▶ Toyotajidoushamotomachi Factory



History:
1. D 2025-11-20 04:28:08  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
An actual plant, but the term can be easily parsed.

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmnedict 5055379 Deleted (id: 2352326)
トヨタ自動車工場
トヨタじどうしゃこうじょう
1. [place]
▶ Toyotajidousha Factory



History:
1. D 2025-11-20 04:15:03  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Not a specific place.

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jmnedict 5055380 Deleted (id: 2352338)
トヨタ自動車高岡工場
トヨタじどうしゃたかおかこうじょう
1. [place]
▶ Toyotajidoushatakaoka Factory



History:
1. D 2025-11-20 04:29:48  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
An actual plant, but the term can be easily parsed.

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmnedict 5055381 Deleted (id: 2352329)
トヨタ自動車三好工場
トヨタじどうしゃみよしこうじょう
1. [place]
▶ Toyotajidoushamiyoshi Factory



History:
2. D 2025-11-20 04:26:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I agree.
An actual plant, but the term can be easily parsed.
1. D* 2025-11-18 23:44:32  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
We have 13 Toyota factory entries in jnmedict. I think we can delete all of them.

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jmnedict 5055382 Deleted (id: 2352328)
トヨタ自動車試験場
トヨタじどうしゃしけんじょう
1. [place]
▶ Toyotajidoushashikenjō



History:
2. D 2025-11-20 04:19:23  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Not a specific place.
1. A 2023-05-26 11:00:29  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Jou/jou fixup
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<gloss>Toyotajidoushashikenjou</gloss>
+<gloss>Toyotajidoushashikenjō</gloss>

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jmnedict 5055383 Deleted (id: 2352330)
トヨタ自動車上郷工場
トヨタじどうしゃかみごうこうじょう
1. [place]
▶ Toyotajidoushakamigou Factory



History:
1. D 2025-11-20 04:27:14  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
An actual plant, but the term can be easily parsed.

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmnedict 5055384 Deleted (id: 2352337)
トヨタ自動車貞宝工場
トヨタじどうしゃていほうこうじょう
1. [place]
▶ Toyotajidoushateihou Factory



History:
1. D 2025-11-20 04:29:27  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
An actual plant, but the term can be easily parsed.

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmnedict 5055385 Deleted (id: 2352334)
トヨタ自動車堤工場
トヨタじどうしゃつつみこうじょう
1. [place]
▶ Toyotajidoushatsutsumi Factory



History:
1. D 2025-11-20 04:28:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
An actual plant, but the term can be easily parsed.

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmnedict 5055386 Deleted (id: 2352336)
トヨタ自動車本社工場
トヨタじどうしゃほんしゃこうじょう
1. [place]
▶ Toyotajidoushahonsha Factory



History:
1. D 2025-11-20 04:29:11  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
An actual plant, but the term can be easily parsed.

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmnedict 5055387 Deleted (id: 2352335)
トヨタ自動車明知工場
トヨタじどうしゃあけちこうじょう
1. [place]
▶ Toyotajidoushaakechi Factory



History:
1. D 2025-11-20 04:28:44  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
An actual plant, but the term can be easily parsed.

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml