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jmdict 1029040 Active (id: 2352204)

エッグノッグエッグノグ [sk]
1. [n]
▶ eggnog



History:
3. A 2025-11-18 21:45:15  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
エッグノッグ	3,140		
エッグノグ	198
  Diff:
@@ -9 +9 @@
-<re_inf>&ik;</re_inf>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
2. A 2017-10-09 04:38:41  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2017-10-09 02:30:55  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Eijiro
  Comments:
Not very common.
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>エッグノグ</reb>
+<re_inf>&ik;</re_inf>

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jmdict 1030970 Active (id: 2352211)

エンジンブレーキエンジン・ブレーキ
1. [n] Source lang: eng "engine brake"
▶ engine braking
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2868088 エンブレ 1. engine braking



History:
3. A 2025-11-18 22:47:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2025-11-18 21:49:46  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>engine brake</gloss>
+<lsource xml:lang="eng">engine brake</lsource>
+<gloss>engine braking</gloss>
1. A 2013-05-11 06:47:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>エンジン・ブレーキ</reb>

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jmdict 1147430 Active (id: 2352233)

ロス [gai1]
1. [n,vs,vt]
▶ loss
▶ waste (e.g. of time)
2. [n-suf] [col]
▶ feeling of loss

Conjugations


History:
9. A 2025-11-19 04:24:20  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8. A* 2025-11-18 21:11:10  GM <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5

daijs:
むだに費やすこと。損失。
「時間をロスする」

時間のロス 42,493 
時間をロス 17,381
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<gloss>waste (e.g. of time)</gloss>
7. A 2023-05-25 14:59:02  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
"Los Angeles" should be a separate entry. I'll reindex the sentence.
  Diff:
@@ -18,6 +17,0 @@
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<xref type="see" seq="1147310">ロサンゼルス</xref>
-<misc>&abbr;</misc>
-<gloss>Los Angeles</gloss>
6. A* 2023-05-25 11:53:51  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I think I've seen sentence alignments fixed here before, but I'm not sure how that's done.  [2] is currently aligned with "Los Angeles"

feeling of loss ​Colloquialism
ロスにコレクト・コールを
I'd like to make a collect call to Los Angeles.
5. A 2021-11-09 22:21:16  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Bulk addition of vi and vt from Meikyo
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +11 @@
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)

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jmdict 1186710 Active (id: 2353369)
化ける [ichi1,news2,nf32]
ばける [ichi1,news2,nf32]
1. [v1,vi]
▶ to take the form of (esp. in ref. to a spirit, fox, raccoon dog, etc.)
▶ to assume the shape of
▶ to turn oneself into
▶ to transform oneself into
2. [v1,vi]
▶ to disguise oneself (as)
3. [v1,vi]
▶ to change (into)
▶ to transform
▶ to metamorphose
4. [v1,vi]
▶ to change radically (for the better)
▶ to transform
▶ to improve dramatically and unexpectedly (e.g. of an actor, sportsperson, stock price)
▶ to make a complete turnaround

Conjugations


History:
7. A 2025-12-02 11:19:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2025-11-30 21:26:52  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, daij, meikyo
  Comments:
Amended senses 3 and 4 so that they align more closely with the kokugos.
  Diff:
@@ -27 +27 @@
-<gloss>to disguise oneself as</gloss>
+<gloss>to disguise oneself (as)</gloss>
@@ -32 +32,2 @@
-<gloss>to change radically</gloss>
+<gloss>to change (into)</gloss>
+<gloss>to transform</gloss>
@@ -38 +39,4 @@
-<gloss>to improve unexpectedly and dramatically (esp. of an actor, artist, rikishi, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>to change radically (for the better)</gloss>
+<gloss>to transform</gloss>
+<gloss>to improve dramatically and unexpectedly (e.g. of an actor, sportsperson, stock price)</gloss>
+<gloss>to make a complete turnaround</gloss>
5. A 2025-11-20 03:48:31  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
きれいに化ける	0
奇麗に化ける	0
  Comments:
It could be sense 3, but it's not exactly common.
4. A* 2025-11-18 13:52:06 
  Comments:
化粧できれいに化ける
3. A 2012-02-20 04:05:29  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1481000 Active (id: 2353157)
反面 [ichi1]
はんめん [ichi1]
1. [conj,prt]
《after the attributive form of a verb or adjective, or the particle の》
▶ while
▶ although
▶ though
▶ but
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1479920 半面【はんめん】 1. while; although; though; but
2. [conj]
▶ (but) on the other hand
▶ at the same time
▶ then again
▶ and yet
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1006940 その反面 1. on the other hand; at the same time
  ⇐ see: 1479920 半面【はんめん】 2. (but) at the same time; on the other hand; then again; and yet
3. [n] [rare]
▶ opposite side
▶ other side
▶ reverse



History:
18. A 2025-11-29 11:19:05  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Withdrawing my suggestion.
  Diff:
@@ -7,4 +6,0 @@
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>半面</keb>
-<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -28 +23,0 @@
-<s_inf>occ. 半面</s_inf>
17. A* 2025-11-23 10:36:43  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Reopen..
16. A 2025-11-23 10:36:20  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Adding my suggestion about 半面. I'll approve and reopen.
  Diff:
@@ -6,0 +7,4 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>半面</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -23,0 +28 @@
+<s_inf>occ. 半面</s_inf>
15. A* 2025-11-21 14:54:54  Sombrero1
  Refs:
(1)Sankoku:
一⦅名⦆
①反対の(方)面。
「やさしさの━にたくましさを秘(ひ)めている」
②〔接続助詞的に用いて〕…のと同時に、別の面では。
「期待する━(で)、不安もある」
二⦅接⦆
別の面では。反対の面からみると。
「結果には満足している。━、反省もある」



(2)BCCWJ:
反面 has 1069 counts in total

For case 3:
{〘活用形=連体形〙}{反面}= 456
{〘活用形=連体形〙}{反面}{、}= 314

For case 2:
{、}{反面}= 117
{、}{反面}{、}= 68
{。}{反面}= 100
{。}{反面}{、}= 62
Note that there may be a few missing for the counts with commas, as some of the sentences used , instead of 、.

I scrolled through about half of the 1000 hits and didn't really spot usage for case 1. This doesn't mean it doesn't exist, but it's certainly far less common than case 2 and 3.

Other notable counts:
{〘品詞=連体詞〙}{反面}= 212
{反面}{教師}= 64

Unidic generally classes 反面 as a 名詞-普通名詞-副詞可能



(3)Representations of the conjunctive use in other references:

Daijs: 2(副詞的に用いて)他の面から見る場合。他面。「水に強い―、熱に弱い」
Smk:(副)
その物事に関して、まず第一にあげられる面に対して、それとは対照的な面もありうると判断する様子。
「娘の結婚はうれしい━寂しくもある」
Koj: ②(副詞的に)反対の面から見て。「陽気な―、涙もろいところがある」

Though I believe they aren't quite sufficient.

.
  Comments:
Proposing a reordering of the senses, and an additional sense.

> Should we re-order the senses?
I think they should very much be reordered, but I'm not sure about that [rare] tag. 
In Anonさん's example 反面 is certainly a noun, forming a larger contrastive adverbial frame with ある面では.
ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー

I believe there are three cases to distinguish here, if we want to be precise:
Case 1: the plain noun 反面 (which does appear to be rather uncommon)
Case 2: grammaticalized 反面 as a plain conjunction/conjunctive adverb, i.e. a *自立語*
Case 3: grammaticalized 反面 as a conjunctive particle taking a 連体修飾語, i.e. a *付属語*

This paradigm is presented in(1)
Counts for the separate cases are presented in(2)



Furthermore I would assert that in case 3, 反面 is most naturally translated as "while", "though", and so forth, but not really as "on the other hand".
While in case 2 (this includes その反面), it is something like "on the other hand" or "then again"
Take this sentence from Brian's quoted site as an example (https://nihongo-online.jp/net/index.php?key=bbjgig41h-81):

「大学が決まって、新しい生活に期待する『反面』、不安も大きい。」
"I’ve decided on my university, and while I'm anticipating my new life, I also have big worries."

This is also substantiated by DOJG examples + translations
ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー

While looking at the corpus data I noticed that case 2 uses of 反面 are often preceded by another conjunction or conjunctive particle.
If there is interest, I could also provide counts for various of those cases.

ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー

I've purposefully left out the 半面・反面 discussion here so as to not make it more confusing than it already is.
That should probably be the next step after this entry alone has been settled.
  Diff:
@@ -13,4 +13,7 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<misc>&rare;</misc>
-<gloss>opposite side</gloss>
-<gloss>reverse</gloss>
+<pos>&conj;</pos>
+<pos>&prt;</pos>
+<s_inf>after the attributive form of a verb or adjective, or the particle の</s_inf>
+<gloss>while</gloss>
+<gloss>although</gloss>
+<gloss>though</gloss>
+<gloss>but</gloss>
@@ -22,3 +25,10 @@
-<gloss>though</gloss>
-<gloss>although</gloss>
-<gloss>while</gloss>
+<gloss>at the same time</gloss>
+<gloss>then again</gloss>
+<gloss>and yet</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<misc>&rare;</misc>
+<gloss>opposite side</gloss>
+<gloss>other side</gloss>
+<gloss>reverse</gloss>
14. A* 2025-11-21 12:18:03 
  Comments:
女の子ってのは、ある面では現実的で打算的だけど、反面では理想とか夢を持ち続けてるものなんだから。

yet, it really didn't take me a whole lot of time to find a sample for sense 1
(show/hide 13 older log entries)

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jmdict 1551380 Active (id: 2352276)
立ち上げる [spec1] 立ちあげる [sK] 立上げる [sK] 起ち上げる [sK] 起ちあげる [sK] たち上げる [sK]
たちあげる [spec1]
1. [v1,vt]
▶ to start (something)
▶ to start up
▶ to launch (a business)
2. [v1,vt] {computing}
▶ to boot (a computer)
▶ to launch (a program)

Conjugations


History:
11. A 2025-11-19 23:28:48  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -41,0 +42 @@
+<field>&comp;</field>
10. A* 2025-11-18 18:07:17  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Most refs split into these two senses.

The second sense can be hardware or software.
  Meikyo: 「機械[ワープロソフト]を━」
  A Tatoeba example has 「ブラウザを立ち上げて」

〈立(ち)/起(ち)/建(ち)/たち〉〈上/あ〉げた

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 立ち上げた │ 638,580 │ 96.5% │
│ 立ちあげた │   5,373 │  0.8% │
│ 起ち上げた │   3,667 │  0.6% │
│ 立上げた  │   2,964 │  0.4% │
│ たち上げた │     552 │  0.1% │
│ 起ちあげた │     344 │  0.1% │
│ 建ち上げた │     187 │  0.0% │
│ 建ちあげた │      39 │  0.0% │
│ たちあげた │   9,779 │  1.5% │
╰─ーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -9,2 +9,2 @@
-<keb>起ち上げる</keb>
-<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
+<keb>立ちあげる</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -13 +13,13 @@
-<keb>立ちあげる</keb>
+<keb>立上げる</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>起ち上げる</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>起ちあげる</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>たち上げる</keb>
@@ -24,0 +37,5 @@
+<gloss>to launch (a business)</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&v1;</pos>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
@@ -26 +43 @@
-<gloss>to launch (a business)</gloss>
+<gloss>to launch (a program)</gloss>
9. A* 2025-11-18 12:03:48  GM <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
立ち上げる 564,922  96.4% 
立ちあげる   8,025   1.4% -sK
起ち上げる   4,396   0.8% -rK (meikyo)
たちあげる   8,725   1.5%
  Diff:
@@ -9 +9,2 @@
-<keb>立ちあげる</keb>
+<keb>起ち上げる</keb>
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -12 +13,2 @@
-<keb>起ち上げる</keb>
+<keb>立ちあげる</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
8. A* 2025-11-18 08:33:20  buryoutougen
  Refs:
https://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/起ち上げる
  Comments:
I can't find this spelling in actual dictionaries, but it seems to be used sometimes. I saw it in the Steins;Gate visual novel in the context of booting a computer.
  Diff:
@@ -9,0 +10,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>起ち上げる</keb>
7. A 2017-02-24 11:11:44  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1609970 Active (id: 2352583)
知らず知らず [ichi1] 知らず識らず [rK] 不知不識 [rK] 不識不知 [sK]
しらずしらず [ichi1]
1. [adv]
▶ unconsciously
▶ without knowing it
▶ unwittingly
▶ unawares



History:
5. A 2025-11-22 21:57:06  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog
  Comments:
I think it's OK as an rK form.
  Diff:
@@ -26,0 +27 @@
+<gloss>without knowing it</gloss>
4. A* 2025-11-20 21:53:43  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Based purely on references しらずしらず seems to be more common for 不知不識.
That said, 不知不識 itself is not common and I thus wasn't able to source any examples with confirmed readings (a shame that yourei.jp is gone).

不知不識(しらずしらず): Nikkoku, Shinsen, Saito, Oukoku, Iwakoku, GendaiRK, Koj
不知不識(ふちふしき): Daijs, Nikkoku

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬─────┬───────╮
│ 不知不識 │ 371 │ 93.9% │
│ 不識不知 │  24 │  6.1% │add; [sK]
╰─ーーーー─┴─────┴───────╯
Nikkoku even has just these two for しらずしらず

Smk: もとは「{不知}{不識}」と書いて、返り読みをした。

.
  Comments:
Based on that I don't think 不知不識 should be dropped.
At the minimum it should be included as an [sK], though I don't see the harm in having it as an [rK] as it meets the threshold.
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +11,8 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>不知不識</keb>
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>不識不知</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
3. A* 2025-11-20 03:52:55  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Since 不知不識/ふちふしき is a separate entry, with an xref to here, I think it can be dropped as a kanji form. It's at best a wierd gikun use of しらずしらず.
  Diff:
@@ -10,4 +9,0 @@
-<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>不知不識</keb>
2. A* 2025-11-18 18:15:46  GM <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
知らず知らず 345,792  97.6% 
知らず識らず   1,560   0.4% -rK (daijs)
不知不識       371   0.1% -rK (oukoku)
しらずしらず   6,605   1.9%
  Comments:
I think we can drop the [yoji].
  Diff:
@@ -9,0 +10 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -12,0 +14 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -20 +21,0 @@
-<misc>&yoji;</misc>
1. A 2022-08-10 08:09:08  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Adding yoji tags based on gakken, shinmeikai and-or jitenon
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -19,0 +20 @@
+<misc>&yoji;</misc>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1689570 Active (id: 2352195)
憤然忿然 [rK]
ふんぜん
1. [adj-t,adv-to]
▶ angry
▶ indignant
▶ wrathful
▶ enraged



History:
5. A 2025-11-18 18:08:03  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2025-11-18 06:27:25  GM <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
憤然   11,277  98.8% 
忿然        0   0.0% -rK (daijs)
ふんぜん    134   1.2%
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
3. A 2018-05-10 10:59:49  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I think we always gloss taru-adjectives as adjectives.
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +14 @@
+<pos>&adj-t;</pos>
@@ -15,5 +16,4 @@
-<pos>&adj-t;</pos>
-<gloss>angrily</gloss>
-<gloss>indignantly</gloss>
-<gloss>wrathfully</gloss>
-<gloss>in a rage</gloss>
+<gloss>angry</gloss>
+<gloss>indignant</gloss>
+<gloss>wrathful</gloss>
+<gloss>enraged</gloss>
2. A* 2018-05-10 07:45:53  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Another possibility would be to add a note "often as 憤然として" and use adj glosses
1. A* 2018-05-10 06:50:11  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5 koj daijs G-ngrams
  Comments:
not a noun
-> adv glosses
  Diff:
@@ -14 +14 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&adv-to;</pos>
@@ -16,5 +16,4 @@
-<pos>&adv-to;</pos>
-<gloss>anger</gloss>
-<gloss>indignation</gloss>
-<gloss>rage</gloss>
-<gloss>wrath</gloss>
+<gloss>angrily</gloss>
+<gloss>indignantly</gloss>
+<gloss>wrathfully</gloss>
+<gloss>in a rage</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1791180 Active (id: 2352164)
気動車
きどうしゃ
1. [n]
▶ railcar with an internal combustion engine
▶ diesel railcar
▶ diesel train
▶ diesel multiple unit



History:
5. A 2025-11-18 01:12:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
気動 is interesting. Unidic has it as a morpheme, but it seems never to be used other than as part of 気動車.
4. A* 2025-11-17 23:32:35  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
chujiten, wisdom
prog: a diesel train; a train with an internal combustion engine
koj: 内燃機関をもつ旅客・貨物車およびこれに連結運転される旅客・貨物車。
Wiktionary (railmotor): A lightweight railcar.
  Comments:
I don't think a "rail motor" necessarily has an internal combustion engine.
I don't think we need to mention gasoline. The switch from gasoline to diesel in trains happened very early, and there are other fuels besides diesel and gasoline that have been used historically.
On reverso, this is the most popular translation for "diesel multiple unit" and "diesel train". Koj's definition describes a series of connected railcars (i.e. a train), not just a single railcar.
  Diff:
@@ -12,2 +12,4 @@
-<gloss>railcar powered by a diesel or gasoline engine</gloss>
-<gloss>rail motor</gloss>
+<gloss>railcar with an internal combustion engine</gloss>
+<gloss>diesel railcar</gloss>
+<gloss>diesel train</gloss>
+<gloss>diesel multiple unit</gloss>
3. A 2016-11-30 23:57:14  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2016-11-30 18:59:54  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5
  Comments:
a diesel engine is an internal combustion engine
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<gloss>railcar powered by a diesel or internal-combustion engine</gloss>
+<gloss>railcar powered by a diesel or gasoline engine</gloss>
1. A* 2016-11-22 00:59:26  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijr, GG5, etc.
  Comments:
Not all trains.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>train powered by a diesel or internal-combustion engine</gloss>
+<gloss>railcar powered by a diesel or internal-combustion engine</gloss>
+<gloss>rail motor</gloss>

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jmdict 1926240 Active (id: 2352162)

ガソリンカーガソリン・カー
1. [n] Source lang: eng "gasoline car"
▶ gasoline railcar



History:
3. A 2025-11-18 01:02:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2025-11-17 23:29:35  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, smk
  Diff:
@@ -12,2 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>gasoline engine car</gloss>
-<gloss>petrol engine car</gloss>
+<lsource xml:lang="eng">gasoline car</lsource>
+<gloss>gasoline railcar</gloss>
1. A 2013-05-11 07:12:30  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ガソリン・カー</reb>

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jmdict 1971410 Active (id: 2352174)
胃カメラ [news2,nf48]
いカメラ [news2,nf48]
1. [n] {medicine}
▶ gastrocamera
▶ gastroscope
▶ upper GI endoscope
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2681910 胃内視鏡【いないしきょう】 1. gastroscope
2. [n] {medicine}
▶ gastroscopy
▶ upper GI endoscopy



History:
2. A 2025-11-18 03:01:44  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-18 01:23:45  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5
https://www.sumiyoshi-medical.com/ikamera_kotsu/
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/上部消化管内視鏡
>> 一般的に胃カメラ(Gastoroscopy)とも呼ばれている。
  Comments:
Also refers to the procedure.
  Diff:
@@ -16 +16 @@
-<gloss>endoscope</gloss>
+<field>&med;</field>
@@ -17,0 +18,8 @@
+<gloss>gastroscope</gloss>
+<gloss>upper GI endoscope</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<field>&med;</field>
+<gloss>gastroscopy</gloss>
+<gloss>upper GI endoscopy</gloss>

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jmdict 1975610 Active (id: 2352175)
蝦蛄葉サボテン [rK] 蝦蛄葉仙人掌 [rK]
シャコバサボテン (nokanji)しゃこばさぼてん
1. [n] [uk]
▶ Christmas cactus (Schlumbergera truncata)
▶ crab cactus



History:
2. A 2025-11-18 03:03:07  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-18 02:40:52  Joe Murray
  Refs:
シャコバサボテン	17361	97.8%
蝦蛄葉仙人掌	134	0.8%
蝦蛄葉サボテン	256	1.4%

https://kotobank.jp/word/蝦蛄葉さぼてん-525112#w-525112
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/シャコバサボテン
  Comments:
Usual format
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,5 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>蝦蛄葉仙人掌</keb>
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -8 +13,5 @@
-<reb>しゃこばサボテン</reb>
+<reb>シャコバサボテン</reb>
+<re_nokanji/>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>しゃこばさぼてん</reb>
@@ -12 +21,2 @@
-<gloss>Christmas cactus</gloss>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<gloss>Christmas cactus (Schlumbergera truncata)</gloss>

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jmdict 2104640 Active (id: 2352209)
ハイブリッド車ハイブリット車 [sK]
ハイブリッドしゃ
1. [n]
▶ hybrid car
▶ hybrid vehicle
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2487480 ハイブリッドカー 1. hybrid car



History:
5. A 2025-11-18 22:45:10  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2025-11-18 21:43:38  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, reverso
  Comments:
I don't think the example is needed.
  Diff:
@@ -16 +16,2 @@
-<gloss>hybrid vehicle (e.g. electric and gasoline)</gloss>
+<gloss>hybrid car</gloss>
+<gloss>hybrid vehicle</gloss>
3. A 2024-11-18 00:51:51  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2. A 2024-11-18 00:25:18  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
ハイブリッド車	147639	93.3%
ハイブリット車	10656	6.7%
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>ハイブリット車</keb>
1. A 2006-10-03 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2487480 Active (id: 2352201)

ハイブリッドカーハイブリッド・カーハイブリットカー [sk]
1. [n]
▶ hybrid car
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2104640 ハイブリッド車 1. hybrid car; hybrid vehicle



History:
4. A 2025-11-18 21:06:19  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
ハイブリッド車	147639
ハイブリッドカー	102207
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2104640">ハイブリッド車</xref>
3. A 2024-11-18 00:22:27  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
ハイブリッドカー	102207	88.2%
ハイブリットカー	13625	11.8%
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9,4 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ハイブリットカー</reb>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
2. A 2013-05-11 09:48:27  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ハイブリッド・カー</reb>
1. A 2009-07-17 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2504970 Active (id: 2352375)

ブレインウォッシングブレーンウォッシング [sk]
1. [n]
▶ brainwashing
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1391030 洗脳 1. brainwashing



History:
4. A 2025-11-20 21:42:47  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
ブレーンウォッシング is in daijr/s but it gets barely any web hits. I think we can hide it. ブレーン is visible on the ブレーン/ブレイン entry.
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
@@ -11,0 +13 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1391030">洗脳</xref>
3. A 2025-11-20 04:36:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Quiet
2. A* 2025-11-18 22:25:33  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
ブレーンウォッシング	0	0.0%
ブレインウォッシング	62	100.0%
  Diff:
@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ブレインウォッシング</reb>
+</r_ele>
1. A 2009-07-17 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2681910 Active (id: 2352176)
胃内視鏡
いないしきょう
1. [n] {medicine}
▶ gastroscope
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1971410 胃カメラ 1. gastrocamera; gastroscope; upper GI endoscope



History:
4. A 2025-11-18 03:03:29  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-11-18 01:35:42  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://sakura-shiga.com/gastroscope/
https://nobumasa-cl.com/treatment/gastroenterology/gastroscope
胃内視鏡を	717
胃カメラを	35,400
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,4 @@
-<gloss>gastrofiberscope</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="1971410">胃カメラ</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1971410">胃カメラ・1</xref>
+<field>&med;</field>
+<gloss>gastroscope</gloss>
2. A 2012-02-10 23:05:02  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-02-10 08:05:47  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5

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jmdict 2830558 Active (id: 2352177)
電動車
でんどうしゃ
1. [n]
▶ electrified vehicle (incl. hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, etc.)
▶ xEV
2. [n]
▶ electric railcar
▶ electric train



History:
4. A 2025-11-18 03:04:13  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-11-18 02:12:13  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
KOD追加語彙, jawiki, daijr/s
https://www.caranddriver.com/features/a43863538/types-of-electric-vehicles/
  Comments:
Sense 1 dominates the web results.
  Diff:
@@ -12,3 +12,7 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1791180">気動車・きどうしゃ</xref>
-<gloss>electric-powered rail motor</gloss>
-<gloss>railcar</gloss>
+<gloss>electrified vehicle (incl. hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>xEV</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>electric railcar</gloss>
+<gloss>electric train</gloss>
2. A 2016-11-22 04:06:38  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2016-11-22 00:57:17  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijr/s, 研究社ビジネス英和辞典

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jmdict 2864424 Active (id: 2352167)
大腸カメラ
だいちょうカメラ
1. [n] {medicine}
▶ colonoscope
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2611000 大腸内視鏡 1. colonoscope
2. [n] {medicine}
▶ colonoscopy



History:
3. A 2025-11-18 01:29:48  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Splitting into senses.
Examples of sense 2:
https://honjo-naika.com/大腸カメラは何年ごと?
https://ooimachi-clinic.com/endoscope/colonoscope/
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15,4 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<field>&med;</field>
2. A 2025-02-16 20:54:47  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijisen: 大腸内を検査するための内視鏡。
1. A* 2025-02-16 14:30:59  Marcus Richert
  Refs:
https://www.sato-naika-clinic.com/tenma/colonoscopy-flow/
大腸カメラ	11895	12.1%
大腸カメラ検査	655	0.7%
大腸内視鏡	56505	57.7%
大腸内視鏡検査	28901	29.5%

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jmdict 2868023 Active (id: 2352181)
CVS
シー・ブイ・エスシーブイエス
1. [n]
《industry jargon》
▶ convenience store
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1053300 コンビニエンスストア 1. convenience store
2. [n]
▶ computer-controlled vehicle system
▶ CVS
▶ [expl] experimental personal rapid transit system built for Expo '70
3. [n] {computing}
▶ Concurrent Versions System
▶ CVS
4. [n] {medicine}
▶ chorionic villus sampling
▶ CVS
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2868028 絨毛検査 1. chorionic villus sampling; CVS



History:
10. A 2025-11-18 03:06:08  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9. A* 2025-11-17 02:06:50  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Web results show that it's used in business, marketing, etc. A usage note might be appropriate here.
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16 @@
+<s_inf>industry jargon</s_inf>
8. A* 2025-11-17 02:02:30 
  Comments:
eijiro says
〈和製語略〉コンビニエンスストア◆アメリカには「CVS」というドラッグストアがあるが、「CVS」が「コンビニエンスストア」を意味するわけではない。
7. A* 2025-11-17 01:23:51  Sean McBroom <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Is CVS really a way to refer to a convenience store in Japan? Maybe it's a confusion between the pharmacy CVS? Or it could be some business jargon that most people don't use, if that's the case I don't know if it needs a ref.
6. A 2025-11-16 01:32:31  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Agree
(show/hide 5 older log entries)

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jmdict 2868077 Active (id: 2352161)
大腸内視鏡検査
だいちょうないしきょうけんさ
1. [n] {medicine}
▶ colonoscopy
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2868090 大腸カメラ検査【だいちょうカメラけんさ】 1. colonoscopy



History:
2. A 2025-11-18 01:01:47  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-18 00:47:45  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
医学大辞典, eij
https://www.onaka-kenko.com/endoscopy/inspection/daicho.html
大腸内視鏡検査	28901

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jmdict 2868078 Active (id: 2352173)
上部消化管内視鏡
じょうぶしょうかかんないしきょう
1. [n] {medicine}
▶ upper gastrointestinal endoscope
▶ EGD scope
2. [n] {medicine}
▶ esophagogastroduodenoscopy
▶ oesophagogastroduodenoscopy
▶ upper GI endoscopy



History:
2. A 2025-11-18 03:01:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-18 01:05:31  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
KOD追加語彙, nipponica, jawiki, eij
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

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jmdict 2868079 Active (id: 2352178)
胃カメラ検査
いカメラけんさ
1. [n] {medicine}
▶ gastroscopy
▶ upper GI endoscopy



History:
2. A 2025-11-18 03:04:37  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-18 01:29:10  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://www.wcmc.jp/gastroscope/
https://kikuna-clinic.com/general/gastroscope/gastroscope-today/
胃カメラ検査	15,679		
胃内視鏡検査	7,929

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jmdict 2868080 Active (id: 2352179)
動力分散方式
どうりょくぶんさんほうしき
1. [n] {railway}
▶ multiple-unit system



History:
2. A 2025-11-18 03:04:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-18 01:58:14  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/動力分散方式
https://www.homemate-research-station.com/useful/glossary/00155/3495901/
動力分散方式	1,304

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jmdict 2868081 Active (id: 2352318)
箱罠
はこわな
1. [n]
▶ box trap
▶ cage trap



History:
2. A 2025-11-20 02:59:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
KOD
箱罠	672
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<gloss>cage trap</gloss>
1. A* 2025-11-18 04:12:24  Marcus Aseth <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/箱罠

used at 6:35 in the video below
https://www.youtube.com/live/Th8vCPmdceU?si=z9qFTgTRqYJzFT0Z&t=395

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jmdict 2868082 Active (id: 2352210)

ブレインフォグブレイン・フォグブレーンフォグ [sk]
1. [n]
▶ brain fog
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2868083 脳の霧【のうのきり】 1. brain fog



History:
2. A 2025-11-18 22:46:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-18 09:36:11 
  Refs:
daijs: https://kotobank.jp/word/ぶれーんふおぐ-2627010

https://japan-seishin-research.org/symptoms/brain-fog
https://r.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOSG286Y10Y5A420C2000000/
https://tokyo-brain.clinic/others/tms/6211
https://www.bbc.com/japanese/articles/cew4er77n19o

ブレーン	219664	74.6%
ブレイン	74965	25.4%

フォグ	111241	90.4%
フォッグ	11782	9.6%

ブレ〈ー/イ〉ン(・)フォ(ッ)グ
ブレーンフォグ	0	0.0%
ブレインフォグ	0	0.0%
ブレーン・フォグ	0	0.0%
ブレイン・フォグ	0	0.0%
ブレーンフォッグ	0	0.0%
ブレインフォッグ	0	0.0%
ブレーン・フォッグ	0	0.0%
ブレイン・フォッグ	0	0.0%
  Comments:
google suggests ブレインフォグ

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jmdict 2868083 Active (id: 2352371)
脳の霧
のうのきり
1. [exp,n]
▶ brain fog
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2868082 ブレインフォグ 1. brain fog



History:
3. A 2025-11-20 21:21:35  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2868082">ブレインフォグ</xref>
2. A 2025-11-20 03:00:26  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +11 @@
+<pos>&exp;</pos>
1. A* 2025-11-18 09:36:37 
  Refs:
daijs: https://kotobank.jp/word/脳の霧-2626959

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jmdict 2868084 Active (id: 2352230)
燃料電池自動車
ねんりょうでんちじどうしゃ
1. [n]
▶ fuel cell vehicle
▶ FCV
▶ fuel cell electric vehicle
▶ FCEV
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2237830 燃料電池車 1. fuel cell car; fuel cell vehicle; FCV



History:
2. A 2025-11-19 03:35:22  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-18 18:25:32  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs, nipponica, jawiki, KOD追加語彙(英和)

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jmdict 2868085 Active (id: 2352234)

プラグインハイブリッドプラグイン・ハイブリッド
1. [n]
▶ plug-in hybrid (vehicle)



History:
2. A 2025-11-19 04:24:37  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-18 18:31:00  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr, reverso

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jmdict 2868086 Active (id: 2352227)
プラグインハイブリッド車
プラグインハイブリッドしゃ
1. [n]
▶ plug-in hybrid car
▶ plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
▶ PHEV



History:
2. A 2025-11-19 03:30:21  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-18 19:08:38  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
KOD追加語彙, daijs

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jmdict 2868087 Active (id: 2352235)

プラグインハイブリッドカープラグイン・ハイブリッド・カー
1. [n]
▶ plug-in hybrid car
▶ plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
▶ PHEV



History:
2. A 2025-11-19 04:24:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-18 19:10:39  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs, jawiki

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jmdict 2868088 Active (id: 2352212)

エンブレ
1. [n] [abbr]
▶ engine braking
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1030970 エンジンブレーキ 1. engine braking



History:
2. A 2025-11-18 22:47:27  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-18 21:51:35  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs, jawiki
エンブレ	34,644

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jmdict 2868089 Active (id: 2352226)
ゼロエミッション車
ゼロエミッションしゃ
1. [n]
▶ zero-emission vehicle
▶ ZEV



History:
2. A 2025-11-19 03:30:04  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-18 23:38:06  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ゼロエミッション車
https://www.cataler.co.jp/words/show/9
https://www.pref.osaka.lg.jp/o120020/kotsukankyo/haigasu/zeroemissionvehicle.html

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jmnedict 5055374 Active (id: 2352214)
トヨタ自動車
トヨタじどうしゃ [spec1]
1. [company]
▶ Toyota
▶ Toyota Motor Corporation



History:
2. A 2025-11-18 23:43:49  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13,2 @@
-<gloss>Toyota Motor</gloss>
+<gloss>Toyota</gloss>
+<gloss>Toyota Motor Corporation</gloss>
1. A 2023-05-08 23:46:43  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Adding spec1
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>

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jmnedict 5055381 Deleted (id: 2352329)
トヨタ自動車三好工場
トヨタじどうしゃみよしこうじょう
1. [place]
▶ Toyotajidoushamiyoshi Factory



History:
2. D 2025-11-20 04:26:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I agree.
An actual plant, but the term can be easily parsed.
1. D* 2025-11-18 23:44:32  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
We have 13 Toyota factory entries in jnmedict. I think we can delete all of them.

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jmnedict 5703371 Active (id: 2352180)
竜宮橋
りゅうぐうばし
1. [place]
▶ Ryūgūbashi



History:
3. A 2025-11-18 03:05:16  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2025-11-18 02:28:51  Hendrik
  Comments:
Adjusted the spelling for consistency
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<gloss>Ryūguubashi</gloss>
+<gloss>Ryūgūbashi</gloss>
1. A 2021-08-09 04:34:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
 Ryuu to Ryū conversion
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<gloss>Ryuuguubashi</gloss>
+<gloss>Ryūguubashi</gloss>

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jmnedict 5747454 Active (id: 2352187)

ブルアカ
1. [product]
▶ Blue Archive (abbr) (video game)



History:
2. A 2025-11-18 04:15:18  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2025-11-18 03:13:32  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Archive
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ブルーアーカイブ_-Blue_Archive-
ブルーアーカイブ -Blue Archive-
略称は「ブルアカ」。
  Comments:
Encountered on x.com researching リセマラ. Wasn't sure if it was a game, character, etc. and had to look it up.  Looks popular enough in Asia to include.

30~60 hits per *hour*
https://x.com/search?q="ブルアカ"&src=typed_query&f=live

Entry modeled on パズドラ, skipped the release date, which we don't usually include

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jmnedict 5747455 Active (id: 2352186)

ブルーアーカイブブルー・アーカイブ
1. [product]
▶ Blue Archive (video game)



History:
2. A 2025-11-18 04:14:28  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -4,3 +4,6 @@
-<k_ele>
-<keb>ブルーアーカイブ</keb>
-</k_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ブルーアーカイブ</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ブルー・アーカイブ</reb>
+</r_ele>
1. A* 2025-11-18 03:14:33  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Adding along with abbr ブルアカ

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jmnedict 5747456 Active (id: 2352208)

ビーハイブビーハイヴ
1. [unc]
▶ Beehive



History:
3. A 2025-11-18 22:44:37  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
With 3k+ in the ngrams I don't think it can be ignored. Yes, mostly in names. I think it should be searchable somewhere, so maybe it can be lurking in the names dictionary.
  Diff:
@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
-<ent_corp type="jmdict">jmdict</ent_corp>
-<ent_seq>2867867</ent_seq>
+<ent_corp type="jmnedict">jmnedict</ent_corp>
@@ -11,3 +10,2 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<xref type="see" seq="2581920">養蜂箱</xref>
-<gloss>beehive</gloss>
+<pos>&unc;</pos>
+<gloss>Beehive</gloss>
2. A* 2025-11-12 01:58:03  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
It's used in names and transcriptions but it doesn't appear to be used as a noun meaning "beehive". I don't think it should be an entry.
1. A* 2025-11-10 01:17:28  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ビーハイブ
ビーハイブ	2654
ビーハイヴ	864
WWW images
  Comments:
Not really used much in Japanese for beehives, but too many hits to ignore.

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