daijs
アクティベーション	52,773	97.2%	
アクチベーション	1,536	2.8%	- daijs

@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<re_inf>&rk;</re_inf>
@@ -9,0 +11,4 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>activation</gloss>
+</sense>
@@ -15 +20 @@
-<gloss>(product) activation</gloss>
+<gloss>product activation</gloss>

daijr/s
アクティベーション	52773
アクチベーション	1536

@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>アクチベーション</reb>
+</r_ele>
@@ -9 +12,4 @@
-<gloss>activation</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="2855259">プロダクトアクティベーション</xref>
+<field>&comp;</field>
+<misc>&abbr;</misc>
+<gloss>(product) activation</gloss>

gg5

@@ -10 +9,0 @@
-<pos>&vs;</pos>
@@ -15 +14,8 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2710320">エコー検査・エコーけんさ</xref>
+<pos>&vs;</pos>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<field>&comp;</field>
+<gloss>echo</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="2710320">エコー検査</xref>
@@ -18,2 +24 @@
-<gloss>ultrasound scan</gloss>
-<gloss>echographic examination</gloss>
+<gloss>ultrasound (scan)</gloss>

@@ -15 +15,4 @@
-<gloss>(abbr) (See エコー検査) {med} ultrasound scan</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="2710320">エコー検査・エコーけんさ</xref>
+<field>&med;</field>
+<misc>&abbr;</misc>
+<gloss>ultrasound scan</gloss>

http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/jn2/23275/m1u/エコー/

@@ -12,0 +13,5 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>(abbr) (See エコー検査) {med} ultrasound scan</gloss>
+<gloss>echographic examination</gloss>
+</sense>

gg5, daij, koj
ペンホルダー	35,848	98.0%	
ペンホルダ	723	2.0%

@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
@@ -13,0 +15,7 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1121590">ペンホルダーグリップ</xref>
+<field>&sports;</field>
+<misc>&abbr;</misc>
+<gloss>penhold grip (in table tennis)</gloss>

@@ -7,0 +7,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ペンホルダ</reb>
+</r_ele>
@@ -10,0 +13,1 @@
+<gloss>pen holder</gloss>

I think this is sufficient.

@@ -18,2 +17,0 @@
-<gloss>the world below</gloss>
-<gloss>the area below</gloss>

this world is sense 2

@@ -19 +19 @@
-<gloss>this world</gloss>
+<gloss>the area below</gloss>

GG5, etc.

@@ -18,0 +19 @@
+<gloss>this world</gloss>

@@ -19,0 +20 @@
+<gloss>the ground below</gloss>

Daijisen

@@ -18,3 +18,2 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
-<gloss>the world</gloss>
-<gloss>the earth</gloss>
+<gloss>the world below</gloss>
+<gloss>the earth below</gloss>

Although this usually appears at the start of compounds, I don't think it's functioning as a prefix.

@@ -12 +11,0 @@
-<pos>&n-pref;</pos>

Interesting.

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 全席　　 │ 265.588 │ 66.3% │
│ 全席指定 │  50.363 │ 12.6% │
│ 全席禁煙 │  49.337 │ 12.3% │
│ 全席自由 │  22.530 │  5.6% │
│ 満漢全席 │  10.193 │  2.5% │We have this, different case. Just here for numbers
│ 全席の　 │   2.756 │  0.7% │
╰─ーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
https://massif.la/ja/search?q=全席

"all tickets" isn't a valid gloss for this. "All seats" is probably the only accurate gloss for this. Also often used as [n-pref] as indicated by the GG5 examples. Prog also has 全席指定.
Maybe some of these compounds are worth having. I'm going to propose entries for the two more common ones.

@@ -12 +12 @@
-<gloss>all tickets</gloss>
+<pos>&n-pref;</pos>

gg5

@@ -16 +16 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<field>&elec;</field>

meikyo, sankoku

@@ -18,0 +19 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
@@ -23,0 +25 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>

daij, gg5

Looks like two senses to me. Can't find any examples of the second, though.

@@ -19 +18,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -20,0 +20,4 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&vs;</pos>

OK

https://massif.la/ja/search?q=半面
https://context.reverso.net/translation/japanese-english/半面


Since it kind of got overshadowed before, I'm gonna put the BCCWJ data here once more:

"（４）BCCWJ (Counts in brackets are for 反面):
半面 has 250 counts in total (1069)

Sense one:
｛〘活用形＝連体形〙｝｛半面｝＝ 58 (456)
｛〘活用形＝連体形〙｝｛半面｝｛、｝＝ 45 (314)

Sense two:
｛、｝｛半面｝＝ 21 (117)
｛、｝｛半面｝｛、｝＝ 7 (68)
｛。｝｛半面｝＝  72 (100)
｛。｝｛半面｝｛、｝＝ 63 (62)
｛〘品詞＝連体詞〙｝｛半面｝＝ 42 (212)
Note that there may be a few missing for the counts with commas, as some of the sentences used , instead of 、.

That's 157 (45 + 7 + 63 + 42) out of 250 hits for conjunctive usage (I didn't use the counts for｛。｝｛半面｝and｛、｝｛半面｝on purpose, as they could technically include false hits for noun usage). That makes 62.8% of total usage.
Based on that I put the conjunctive senses first, as in the 反面 entry."

.

Both massif and reverso examples show that the conjunctive usage makes up the largest part of total usage.
In case it hasn't been noted yet, the BCCWJ data also supports this.


I get that it's currently only sankoku explicitly marking these senses, but I believe they're on the right track here.
Them also being treated as basically the same grammatical constructs in Brian's Waseda grammar textbook could technically serve as another reference here too.


I think if these two senses were to not lead, we also couldn't reasonably have these [rare] tags on the other senses. Since it's really a comparative rarity and not an absolute one.
And less stark than with 反面 at that.

I've been concerned about those proposed first two senses. After all, they're not in most references. I've come round to accepting them, although I'd be more comfortable if they didn't lead. I'll approve and leave open for a while.

No worries, I figured that something along those lines had happened.

＞So my [2] was the previous [2].  I only meant to say that the grammatical usage was far more common than all of these [rare] noun senses, and this term is not itself [rare]. Right now it looks like it is.

Thanks

＞So, yes, to be clear, my belief is that the grammatical senses of 反面 should be all be copy/pasted straight into this entry with xrefs (maybe just one way, from here to there).  They should probably be the leading senses.  

Good, that's what I had proposed as well. I didn't think the usage of conjunctive 半面 vs 反面 was marginal enough to be reduced to a hidden form and a note in 反面. I've put the two senses from my edit back and left Jims additions from the previous edit in place.

＞And who knows, we might even decide there is a subtle nuance meriting slight deviation in the glosses.  If not today, maybe tomorrow.

I actually had something like this in mind when I put "(but) at the same time" first in sense two. It's quite the minor change, but why not.


If this is approved, the incoming xref from 半顔 will need to be aligned.
And 半面 + the note would need to be removed from 反面.

@@ -15,0 +16,21 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&conj;</pos>
+<pos>&prt;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1481000">反面・1</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1481000">反面・1</xref>
+<s_inf>after the attributive form of a verb or adjective, or the particle の</s_inf>
+<gloss>while</gloss>
+<gloss>although</gloss>
+<gloss>though</gloss>
+<gloss>but</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&conj;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1481000">反面・2</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1481000">反面・2</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1006940">その半面</xref>
+<gloss>(but) at the same time</gloss>
+<gloss>on the other hand</gloss>
+<gloss>then again</gloss>
+<gloss>and yet</gloss>
+</sense>

Withdrawing my suggestion.

@@ -7,4 +6,0 @@
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>半面</keb>
-<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -28 +23,0 @@
-<s_inf>occ. 半面</s_inf>

Reopen..

Adding my suggestion about 半面. I'll approve and reopen.

@@ -6,0 +7,4 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>半面</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -23,0 +28 @@
+<s_inf>occ. 半面</s_inf>

（１）Sankoku:
一｟名｠
①反対の（方）面。
「やさしさの━にたくましさを秘(ひ)めている」
②〔接続助詞的に用いて〕…のと同時に、別の面では。
「期待する━（で）、不安もある」
二｟接｠
別の面では。反対の面からみると。
「結果には満足している。━、反省もある」



（２）BCCWJ:
反面 has 1069 counts in total

For case 3:
｛〘活用形＝連体形〙｝｛反面｝＝ 456
｛〘活用形＝連体形〙｝｛反面｝｛、｝＝ 314

For case 2:
｛、｝｛反面｝＝ 117
｛、｝｛反面｝｛、｝＝ 68
｛。｝｛反面｝＝ 100
｛。｝｛反面｝｛、｝＝ 62
Note that there may be a few missing for the counts with commas, as some of the sentences used , instead of 、.

I scrolled through about half of the 1000 hits and didn't really spot usage for case 1. This doesn't mean it doesn't exist, but it's certainly far less common than case 2 and 3.

Other notable counts:
｛〘品詞＝連体詞〙｝｛反面｝＝ 212
｛反面｝｛教師｝＝ 64

Unidic generally classes 反面 as a 名詞-普通名詞-副詞可能



（３）Representations of the conjunctive use in other references:

Daijs: 2（副詞的に用いて）他の面から見る場合。他面。「水に強い―、熱に弱い」
Smk:（副）
その物事に関して、まず第一にあげられる面に対して、それとは対照的な面もありうると判断する様子。
「娘の結婚はうれしい━寂しくもある」
Koj: ②（副詞的に）反対の面から見て。「陽気な―、涙もろいところがある」

Though I believe they aren't quite sufficient.

.

Proposing a reordering of the senses, and an additional sense.

＞ Should we re-order the senses?
I think they should very much be reordered, but I'm not sure about that [rare] tag. 
In Anonさん's example 反面 is certainly a noun, forming a larger contrastive adverbial frame with ある面では.
ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー

I believe there are three cases to distinguish here, if we want to be precise:
Case 1: the plain noun 反面 (which does appear to be rather uncommon)
Case 2: grammaticalized 反面 as a plain conjunction/conjunctive adverb, i.e. a *自立語*
Case 3: grammaticalized 反面 as a conjunctive particle taking a 連体修飾語, i.e. a *付属語*

This paradigm is presented in（１）
Counts for the separate cases are presented in（２）



Furthermore I would assert that in case 3, 反面 is most naturally translated as "while", "though", and so forth, but not really as "on the other hand".
While in case 2 (this includes その反面), it is something like "on the other hand" or "then again"
Take this sentence from Brian's quoted site as an example (https://nihongo-online.jp/net/index.php?key=bbjgig41h-81):

「大学が決まって、新しい生活に期待する『反面』、不安も大きい。」
"I’ve decided on my university, and while I'm anticipating my new life, I also have big worries."

This is also substantiated by DOJG examples + translations
ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー

While looking at the corpus data I noticed that case 2 uses of 反面 are often preceded by another conjunction or conjunctive particle.
If there is interest, I could also provide counts for various of those cases.

ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー

I've purposefully left out the 半面・反面 discussion here so as to not make it more confusing than it already is.
That should probably be the next step after this entry alone has been settled.

@@ -13,4 +13,7 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<misc>&rare;</misc>
-<gloss>opposite side</gloss>
-<gloss>reverse</gloss>
+<pos>&conj;</pos>
+<pos>&prt;</pos>
+<s_inf>after the attributive form of a verb or adjective, or the particle の</s_inf>
+<gloss>while</gloss>
+<gloss>although</gloss>
+<gloss>though</gloss>
+<gloss>but</gloss>
@@ -22,3 +25,10 @@
-<gloss>though</gloss>
-<gloss>although</gloss>
-<gloss>while</gloss>
+<gloss>at the same time</gloss>
+<gloss>then again</gloss>
+<gloss>and yet</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<misc>&rare;</misc>
+<gloss>opposite side</gloss>
+<gloss>other side</gloss>
+<gloss>reverse</gloss>

女の子ってのは、ある面では現実的で打算的だけど、反面では理想とか夢を持ち続けてるものなんだから。

yet, it really didn't take me a whole lot of time to find a sample for sense 1

daijr: 話術が下手な・こと（さま）。また，そのような人。

It's both.

@@ -16 +16,2 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1782900">話し上手</xref>
+<xref type="ant" seq="1782900">話し上手</xref>
+<gloss>being bad at conversation</gloss>

JEs.

@@ -17 +17 @@
-<gloss>being bad at conversation</gloss>
+<gloss>poor conversationalist</gloss>

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 話下手　　 │ 10,365 │ 42.4% │
│ 話し下手　 │  8,899 │ 36.4% │
│ 話下手な　 │  3,423 │ 14.0% │
│ 話し下手な │  1,745 │  7.1% │
╰─ーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
Daijirin

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 話し上手 │ 51,564 │ 79.6% │
│ 話上手　 │ 13,212 │ 20.4% │
╰─ーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯

Switching PoSs, somewhat aligning with 話し上手

@@ -13,0 +14 @@
+<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -15 +16,2 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1782900">話し上手</xref>
+<gloss>being bad at conversation</gloss>

話下手　　 10,365  53.8% 
話し下手　  8,899  46.2% -add (daijs)

@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>話し下手</keb>

xref + [abbr] tag

@@ -19,0 +20 @@
+<misc>&abbr;</misc>

shinmeikai, koujien, 日本国語大辞典, gg5, kangorin

These dictionaries all agree that 龕灯 can be an abbreviation of 龕灯提灯 (and that was the sense of it in the novel where I encountered it)

I suspect I have not got the syntax right for "this word is an abbreviation of another": does it need more than just the xref?

@@ -16,0 +17,5 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="2832437">龕灯提灯</xref>
+<gloss>flashlight-like lantern with a freely rotating candle that only directs light forward</gloss>
+</sense>

prog, wisdom, saito

@@ -22,0 +23,2 @@
+<gloss>inclination</gloss>
+<gloss>mind</gloss>
@@ -24 +25,0 @@
-<gloss>inclination</gloss>
@@ -25,0 +27 @@
+<gloss>view</gloss>

意向	1744332	100.0%
意嚮	840	0.0% daijs

@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>

JEs.

Fine as a gloss, but maybe not the first.

@@ -31 +30,0 @@
-<gloss>facial hair</gloss>
@@ -36,0 +36 @@
+<gloss>facial hair</gloss>

"Facial hair" encompasses all meanings of this word in one phrase and might be an elegant solution to include as the first meaning.

@@ -30,0 +31 @@
+<gloss>facial hair</gloss>

I think that's overkill; if anything I'd drop Nils' note. The kanwas have all three kanji meaning the same thing.

Adding AmE glosses.
Sense 01 might be more pleasant to read if we split it into three senses with "esp." notes.

@@ -31,0 +32 @@
+<gloss>mustache</gloss>
@@ -33,0 +35 @@
+<gloss>sideburns</gloss>
@@ -36,0 +39 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
@@ -43,0 +47 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>

髭	831470
鬚	70137
髯	30548
ひげ	1308456
ヒゲ	1320725
髭が生える	725
鬚が生える	No matches
髯が生える	No matches
ひげが生える	727
ヒゲが生える	1411

@@ -9,0 +10 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -12,0 +14 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>

It appears in a lot of compounds but I wouldn't say it's a prefix.

@@ -16 +15,0 @@
-<pos>&n-pref;</pos>

ＫＯＤ追加語彙（和英）
集束[収束]超音波 focused ultrasound.
超音波手術 ultrasound surgery.

@@ -17,0 +18 @@
+<gloss>ultrasound</gloss>

@@ -15,0 +16 @@
+<xref type="ant" seq="1562370">話し下手</xref>
@@ -16,0 +18 @@
+<gloss>good talker</gloss>
@@ -18 +19,0 @@
-<gloss>good talker</gloss>

@@ -16 +16 @@
-<gloss>being good at conversations</gloss>
+<gloss>being good at conversation</gloss>

@@ -13,0 +14 @@
+<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -15 +16,2 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>being good at conversations</gloss>
+<gloss>conversationalist</gloss>

気動 is interesting. Unidic has it as a morpheme, but it seems never to be used other than as part of 気動車.

chujiten, wisdom
prog: a diesel train; a train with an internal combustion engine
koj: 内燃機関をもつ旅客・貨物車およびこれに連結運転される旅客・貨物車。
Wiktionary (railmotor): A lightweight railcar.

I don't think a "rail motor" necessarily has an internal combustion engine.
I don't think we need to mention gasoline. The switch from gasoline to diesel in trains happened very early, and there are other fuels besides diesel and gasoline that have been used historically.
On reverso, this is the most popular translation for "diesel multiple unit" and "diesel train". Koj's definition describes a series of connected railcars (i.e. a train), not just a single railcar.

@@ -12,2 +12,4 @@
-<gloss>railcar powered by a diesel or gasoline engine</gloss>
-<gloss>rail motor</gloss>
+<gloss>railcar with an internal combustion engine</gloss>
+<gloss>diesel railcar</gloss>
+<gloss>diesel train</gloss>
+<gloss>diesel multiple unit</gloss>

gg5

a diesel engine is an internal combustion engine

@@ -12 +12 @@
-<gloss>railcar powered by a diesel or internal-combustion engine</gloss>
+<gloss>railcar powered by a diesel or gasoline engine</gloss>

Daijr, GG5, etc.

Not all trains.

@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>train powered by a diesel or internal-combustion engine</gloss>
+<gloss>railcar powered by a diesel or internal-combustion engine</gloss>
+<gloss>rail motor</gloss>

daij, koj
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/penholder

Not an object for storing pens.

@@ -12 +12 @@
-<gloss>penholder</gloss>
+<gloss>penholder (handle into which a penpoint fits)</gloss>

gg5, smk

@@ -12,2 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>gasoline engine car</gloss>
-<gloss>petrol engine car</gloss>
+<lsource xml:lang="eng">gasoline car</lsource>
+<gloss>gasoline railcar</gloss>

Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-

@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ガソリン・カー</reb>

頸動脈エコー	2,611		
頚動脈エコー	4,888

The 頸 form is much more common now.

@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>頚動脈エコー</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -12 +16,3 @@
-<gloss>carotid duplex (ultrasound)</gloss>
+<field>&med;</field>
+<gloss>carotid ultrasound</gloss>
+<gloss>carotid duplex</gloss>

Entry created

https://e-words.jp/w/アクティベート.html
アクティベート	14,478			
アクティベートされ	2,743			
アクティベートし	1,994			
アクティベートする	1,431

@@ -8,0 +9,2 @@
+<pos>&vs;</pos>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
@@ -10 +12 @@
-<gloss>activation (e.g. of network accounts, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>activation (of software, a device, etc.)</gloss>

Entry created

RP
koj: 鉄道で、ディーゼル機関を動力とする客車。
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/気動車
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rail diesel car

Not a locomotive. GG5 is wrong.
Besides a Wikipedia disambiguation page, I can't find any evidence that this is used for diesel motor cars. The kokugos only describe railcars.
Dropping x-ref.

@@ -12,8 +12,3 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2256230">ディーゼル動車</xref>
-<gloss>diesel locomotive</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<xref type="see" seq="2256220">ディーゼル自動車</xref>
-<xref type="see" seq="2256220">ディーゼル自動車</xref>
-<gloss>diesel powered car</gloss>
+<lsource xml:lang="eng">diesel car</lsource>
+<gloss>diesel railcar</gloss>
+<gloss>rail diesel car</gloss>

Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-

@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ディーゼル・カー</reb>

Entry created

@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>diesel powered car</gloss>
+<gloss>diesel car</gloss>
+<gloss>diesel-powered motor vehicle</gloss>

Entry created

Not all endoscopic surgery is keyhole surgery.

@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<field>&med;</field>
@@ -13 +13,0 @@
-<gloss>keyhole surgery</gloss>

Entry created

@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<pos>&vt;</pos>

アクティブ化	33307	  
アクティブ化し	6774	  
アクティブ化して	4256	  
アクティブ化する	3976

most (but not all) ～化 entries are [n,vs]

@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<pos>&vs;</pos>
@@ -13 +14 @@
-<gloss>activate</gloss>
+<gloss>activation</gloss>

Entry created

gg5, daijs, reverso

@@ -12 +11,0 @@
-<field>&comp;</field>
@@ -14,0 +14,2 @@
+<gloss>illegal copying</gloss>
+<gloss>piracy</gloss>

Entry created

reverso, web results

@@ -11,0 +12,2 @@
+<pos>&vs;</pos>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
@@ -13 +15 @@
-<gloss>deactivate</gloss>
+<gloss>deactivation (of an account, software license, etc.)</gloss>

Entry created

gg5, daijs, reverso
不正コピー	52,447		
違法コピー	108,313

@@ -12 +12 @@
-<field>&comp;</field>
+<xref type="see" seq="2341020">違法コピー</xref>
@@ -13,0 +14,3 @@
+<gloss>unauthorized copy</gloss>
+<gloss>unauthorized copying</gloss>
+<gloss>piracy</gloss>

Entry created

有効化し	        6,336		
有効化する	7,893		
有効化され	4,543

I don't think the x-ref is needed.

@@ -12,2 +12,3 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1015430">アクティベーション</xref>
-<field>&comp;</field>
+<pos>&vs;</pos>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<gloss>enabling</gloss>
@@ -15 +15,0 @@
-<gloss>enabling</gloss>

Reverso: mostly enabling and activation.
Eijiro: 己有効化コード；《コ》: self-validating code
振り分け機能を有効化する〔メールの〕 : enable sorting
有効化ドメイン；《コ》 : validation domain

Can be broader.

@@ -14,0 +15,2 @@
+<gloss>enabling</gloss>
+<gloss>validation</gloss>

アクティベーション（英: activation）とは、ある機能をアクティブ（有効）にするという意味である。有効化、活動化、活性化、賦活化などと訳される。
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/アクティベーション

@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1015430">アクティベーション</xref>
@@ -13 +14 @@
-<gloss>validation</gloss>
+<gloss>activation</gloss>

Entry created

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/フウセンカズラ

フウセンカズラ	14747	78.9%
風船葛	3944	21.1%

Usual format

@@ -7,0 +8,4 @@
+<reb>フウセンカズラ</reb>
+<re_nokanji/>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
@@ -12,2 +16,3 @@
-<gloss>balloon vine</gloss>
-<gloss>Cardiospermum halicacabum</gloss>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<gloss>balloon vine (Cardiospermum halicacabum)</gloss>
+<gloss>love-in-a-puff</gloss>

Entry created

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/腸内細菌科
>> しばしば腸内細菌（動物の腸内に生育する細菌群）と混同されるが両者は別物である。腸内細菌科に属する細菌には、大腸菌や赤痢菌、サルモネラなど、ヒトや動物の腸内に生息したり（＝腸内細菌の一種である）、腸管感染症の原因になるものが多いが、ペスト菌のように消化管ではなくリンパ節や肺に感染するものも含まれている。ヒトの腸内細菌のうち腸内細菌科は1%未満である。
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/腸内細菌

According to Wikipedia, this does not refer to enterobacteria/enteric bacteria (i.e. bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae).

@@ -12 +11,0 @@
-<gloss>enteric bacteria</gloss>
@@ -13,0 +13 @@
+<gloss>gut bacteria</gloss>

Entry created

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gut_microbiota

@@ -11,0 +12,2 @@
+<gloss>gut microbiota</gloss>
+<gloss>gut flora</gloss>
@@ -13 +15 @@
-<gloss>enterobacterial flora</gloss>
+<gloss>gut microbiome</gloss>

LSDic

@@ -13,0 +13,1 @@
+<gloss>enterobacterial flora</gloss>

http://www.bl.mmtr.or.jp/~shinjou/eki3.htm

OK

I was going to change this to "muddy slush" myself based on the dictionary entry, but the usages I found disagreed with this.

If you look at this original ref, it's slushed formed by snow on a river surface (no mud), with pics:
https://www.otaru-journal.com/2017/01/2017-0115-3/
小樽運河水面に雪が溶けずに残る”雪泥(せつでい)”という自然現

Otaru being in hokkaido, I assume they know what they are talking about.

So this might, in some contexts, be 雪 with the consistency of 泥 , rather than a mix of 雪 and 泥.

Here's a second example, also slush on a water surface (a lake this time), with pictures, and an explicit definition. Same style as first ref.
https://www.nature-center.jp/news/hotori20231218mattsu/
雪泥と言われる状態で、結氷温度近くまで冷却された湖や海に雪が降ると、どろどろしたおかゆ状になるようなのです。
google: "When snow falls on a lake or ocean that has cooled to near-freezing temperatures, it turns into a thick, porridge-like substance known as snow slush."

@@ -13,0 +14,5 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<misc>&rare;</misc>
+<gloss>slush (esp. formed by snow on a body of water)</gloss>

daijr: 雪解けのぬかるみ。

I think this is more accurate.

@@ -13,3 +13 @@
-<gloss>slush</gloss>
-<gloss>slush ice</gloss>
-<gloss>snow slush</gloss>
+<gloss>muddy slush</gloss>

jawiki: 大腸内視鏡は、肛門より挿入し、直腸から結腸もしくは回腸末端にかけて、診断・治療を行う器具としての内視鏡、もしくは手技のこと。

The instrument and the procedure.

@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<field>&med;</field>
@@ -12,0 +14,4 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<field>&med;</field>

same as above

@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@
+<gloss>colonoscope</gloss>

http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/大腸内視鏡

I think this is sufficient.

@@ -11,0 +12,2 @@
+<gloss>gasoline car</gloss>
+<gloss>petrol car</gloss>
@@ -13,3 +14,0 @@
-<gloss>gasoline automobile</gloss>
-<gloss>gasoline car</gloss>
-<gloss>gasoline truck</gloss>

GG5

@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@
+<gloss>gasoline-powered vehicle</gloss>
@@ -15,1 +16,0 @@
-<gloss>gasoline-powered vehicle</gloss>

Eijiro

"peritoneoscopy" and "ventroscopy" appear to be obsolete terminology.

@@ -17,0 +18 @@
+<field>&med;</field>
@@ -19,2 +19,0 @@
-<gloss>peritoneoscopy</gloss>
-<gloss>ventroscopy</gloss>

@@ -7,0 +7,6 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ふくくうきょうけんさ</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ふくこうきょうけんさ</reb>
+</r_ele>

gg5, eij

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichoplax

@@ -8 +8,2 @@
-<reb>せんもうひらむし</reb>
+<reb>センモウヒラムシ</reb>
+<re_nokanji/>
@@ -11,2 +12 @@
-<reb>センモウヒラムシ</reb>
-<re_nokanji/>
+<reb>せんもうひらむし</reb>
@@ -17 +17 @@
-<gloss>Trichoplax adhaerens</gloss>
+<gloss>Trichoplax adhaerens (species of placozoan)</gloss>

Seems to have no common name.

@@ -8,0 +8,3 @@
+<reb>せんもうひらむし</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
@@ -9,0 +12,1 @@
+<re_nokanji/>

http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/センモ�
�ヒラムシ

no hits for kanji version, but from wiki article:
"背側表面は、1本の繊毛を持ち扁平な「扁平上皮細胞」からなる。"

エコー検査	44,524	
超音波検査	134,927

I think "echographic examination" overly technical for this word. Koj redirects to 超音波検査.

@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1998370">超音波検査</xref>
@@ -14 +15 @@
-<gloss>echographic examination</gloss>
+<gloss>ultrasonography</gloss>

GG5

Saw on TV

Wiktionary tags "pathologic" as "dated". I don't think it's needed.

@@ -12 +11,0 @@
-<gloss>pathologic</gloss>

daijs, daijr, nikk, dbcls, life, eij, nict, 日英・英日専門用語辞書

gg5: 絨毛性ゴナドトロピン　【生化】 chorionic gonadotropin.
絨毛性	6,055		
絨毛性の	32		
絨毛性を	0		
絨毛性が	0

"villous" and "chorionic" are not synonyms.
Not necessarily medical. I don't think it needs a field tag.

@@ -11,3 +11 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<field>&med;</field>
+<pos>&adj-f;</pos>
@@ -14,0 +13,3 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&adj-f;</pos>

gg5, eij

はだかぎ	62	0.7%
裸木	9032	99.3%
Daijr, Reverso (sense 1)

@@ -20 +19,0 @@
-<misc>&uk;</misc>

枯れ木	94904	91.3%
裸木	9032	8.7%

https://kotobank.jp/word/裸木-358760
〘 名詞 〙 冬、葉の落ちてしまった幹と枝だけの木。《 季語・冬 》 〔俳諧・季寄新題集（1848）〕

This is the xref in wikipedia for "Prunus zippeliana"
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/バクチノキ
バクチノキ（博打の木、学名：Prunus zippeliana）は、バラ科の常緑高木。別名、ビランジュ（毘蘭樹）。

https://chatgpt.com/share/691ae62d-716c-8008-946f-da1e03109b24
a natural English translation would be:
“bare tree” (most neutral)
“leafless tree” (emphasizes the seasonal aspect)
“naked tree” (more poetic or literary)
In a literary or poetic context, “naked tree” is often preferred; in a descriptive or botanical context, “leafless tree” or “bare tree” is more common.

裸木 carries a somewhat poetic, descriptive, or formal nuance, often found in literature, essays, or poetry when emphasizing the stark, bare appearance of a tree in winter.

Image search for 裸木 is [1]. Search for "博打の木" with "裸木" turns a small number of botanical websites, but this doesn't seem common. Not in the wikipedia article.  

Regarding the new sense (from daijs), I was talking to a native about the fall trees here and said 裸の木. I literally translated "Naked Tree" from English.  She didn't think 裸 would be used with trees at all, but then looked up this term.  Instead, something like 葉の落ちた木.  Definitely [form].  Distinguished from 枯れ木, not for dead trees, but trees whose leaves have fallen and will return.  Notice "leafless tree" and "bare tree" both appear on 枯れ木, so I think a parenthetical is important.

@@ -11,0 +12,7 @@
+<misc>&form;</misc>
+<gloss>bare tree (usu. of deciduous trees in winter)</gloss>
+<gloss>leafless tree</gloss>
+<gloss>naked tree</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -13,0 +21 @@
+<misc>&rare;</misc>

daijr

daijr/s
https://japan.zdnet.com/glossary/exp/カジュアルコピー/?s=4

It needed more detail.

@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>illegal copying of software, recorded music, etc.</gloss>
+<gloss>unauthorized, non-commercial copying of software, music, etc. (e.g. sharing copied CDs, installing one license on multiple devices)</gloss>

perhaps should be specified that it means doing it casually (e.g., for friends) rather than "professionally" for profit?  i didn't look at the refs to see if this is indeed the case.

Daijr, http://www.weblio.jp/content/カジュアルコピー (IT用語辞典バイナリ) http://e-words.jp/w/カジュアルコピー.html (e-words)

I don't think the x-ref is helpful.

@@ -12,2 +12 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1431600">直流</xref>
-<gloss>direct current power transmission</gloss>
+<gloss>direct-current power transmission</gloss>

@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1431600">直流</xref>

gg5

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora_(microbiology)
>> Although microflora is commonly used, the term microbiota is becoming more common as microflora is a misnomer.
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/微生物叢#定義と語源
>> 従来は微生物叢を意味する用語として、生態学において叢（くさむら、多くのものが集まっている）を意味する用語であるフローラ（flora）の語が用いられてきたが、マイクロバイオーム解析の興隆と共に微生物叢 (microbiota) が支配的に用いられるようになった。

Sense 2:
jawiki: 微生物叢は、生きた微生物集団の全体を指す用語であり、また微生物集団が有する遺伝情報の全体を指してマイクロバイオーム (microbiome) と呼ばれることもある[1]。
https://www.jst.go.jp/crds/report/CRDS-FY2015-SP-05.html
>> 微生物叢（マイクロバイオーム）研究の統合的推進
https://jmbc.life/
>> 人間の体内には、1000種類以上、100兆個以上の細菌などの様々な微生物が存在し、その集団は「マイクロバイオータ(微生物叢)」と呼ばれています。

Dropping the "flora" glosses.
Added sense.

@@ -13,2 +13,6 @@
-<gloss>bacterial flora</gloss>
-<gloss>microbial flora</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="2868073">マイクロバイオーム</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="2868073">マイクロバイオーム</xref>
+<gloss>microbiome</gloss>

医学英和辞典

Possibly [med].

https://kotobank.jp/word/微生物叢-1813713
https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/微生物叢

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC
>> 男子中学生（Danshi Chūgakusei）の略。
https://dic.pixiv.net/a/DC
>> 「男子中学生（Danshi Chugakusei）」の略。「女子高生＝JK」の派生とされる。

I don't think we need "DC" as a gloss on the "data centre" sense. It's not commonly used in English. I also think we can omit spelling variants here.
Added sense.

@@ -26,2 +25,0 @@
-<gloss>data centre</gloss>
-<gloss>DC</gloss>
@@ -33,0 +32,6 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<misc>&sl;</misc>
+<s_inf>from "danshi chūgakusei"（男子中学生）</s_inf>
+<gloss>male junior high school student</gloss>

Closing

Reopen.

GG5 and other JEs for sense 1.

"DC" is obviously used in many contexts in English, but it is not used as widely in Japanese. The main use is for direct current, as in sense 1. I can see a couple of computing word lists showing it for "data centre", and the District of Columbia usage occasionally crops up, but I cannot find cases of it being used for the others proposed here.
I'm going to trim this back, then reopen it in case anyone wants to contribute examples of it being used *in Japanese* for the other proposed senses.

@@ -23,26 +22,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2850806">コロンビア特別区</xref>
-<gloss>District of Columbia</gloss>
-<gloss>DC</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<xref type="see" seq="1477740">発展途上国</xref>
-<gloss>developing country</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<xref type="see" seq="1334820">十進分類法</xref>
-<gloss>decimal classification</gloss>
-<gloss>Dewey (decimal) classification</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<xref type="see" seq="2467700">ダークチェンジ</xref>
-<gloss>dark change</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<gloss>draft card</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -57,8 +31,2 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2867875">発達ケア</xref>
-<gloss>development care</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<xref type="see" seq="2439940">樹状細胞</xref>
-<field>&biol;</field>
-<gloss>dendritic cell</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="2850806">コロンビア特別区</xref>
+<gloss>District of Columbia</gloss>
@@ -66,5 +33,0 @@
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<xref type="see" seq="1983940">確定拠出年金</xref>
-<gloss>defined contribution pension plan</gloss>

jitsuyo: 魔剤とは、いわゆるエナジードリンクの総称である。特に「モンスターエナジー」を指す異称として用いられることが多い。
https://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/魔剤
>> エナジードリンク、特にモンスターエナジーのこと。

@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>energy drink</gloss>
+<gloss>energy drink (esp. Monster Energy)</gloss>

魔剤	49
https://nlab.itmedia.co.jp/cont/articles/3274397/

@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<misc>&sl;</misc>

実用日本語表現辞典

Web results show that it's used in business, marketing, etc. A usage note might be appropriate here.

@@ -15,0 +16 @@
+<s_inf>industry jargon</s_inf>

eijiro says
〈和製語略〉コンビニエンスストア◆アメリカには「CVS」というドラッグストアがあるが、「CVS」が「コンビニエンスストア」を意味するわけではない。

Is CVS really a way to refer to a convenience store in Japan? Maybe it's a confusion between the pharmacy CVS? Or it could be some business jargon that most people don't use, if that's the case I don't know if it needs a ref.

Agree

gg5, daij, koj
https://gamer2.jp/post/cs/
>> 『コンシューマ（CS）』とは、 Consumer Software(コンシューマソフトウェア)の略のことで、PS4やNintendo Switchなど一般的な家庭用のゲーム機全般のことを指しています。
https://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/cs
>> コンシューマーゲーム(consumer software) - 家庭用ゲーム機のソフト。アーケード(業務用)ゲームやPC用ゲーム、スマートフォン向けソーシャルゲームなどと区別する用語。（和製英語であり、英語圏ではコンソールゲーム:console game）

Daijr/s have a "convenience store" sense but I can't find any evidence of actual use. "CVS" is the usual abbreviation.

gg5, daijr, eij

KOD追加語彙, daijs, eij	
最小侵襲手術	1,239
低侵襲手術	5,135

gg5, eij
腹腔鏡下手術	31,080		
腹腔鏡手術	24,448

腹腔鏡手術 gets a lot more web hits.

https://kotobank.jp/word/内部生-668794

daijs

内部生	14032

https://kotobank.jp/word/外部生-666825#w-666825

外部生	7685

daijs

https://help.iijmio.jp/answer/61136343b597a70019313cf5/
https://support.kaspersky.co.jp/ksos7/activation/14457
https://ec.clip-studio.com/ja-jp/activation-codes/
https://xyn.sony.net/ja/products/xyn_motion_studio/activation_code

KOD追加語彙（英和）
https://kotobank.jp/word/心の理論-2099745#w-2165676
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_mind

@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<field>&psych;</field>
@@ -15 +16 @@
-<gloss>TOM</gloss>
+<gloss>ToM</gloss>

eij
心の理論	13096

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/心の理論

daijs
https://e-words.jp/w/アクティベーションキー.html
アクティベーションキー	2,469		
アクティベーションコード	1,859

daijs
https://e-words.jp/w/ディアクティベーション.html

daijs
https://e-words.jp/w/ディアクティベーション.html
https://wa3.i-3-i.info/word110970.html

チヂミザサ	1109	86.8%
縮笹	0	0.0%
縮み笹	168	13.2%

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/チヂミザサ
https://kotobank.jp/word/縮笹-566047#w-2045276

daijs, wiki

莪朮 is <3%.

@@ -5,0 +6 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>

ガジュツ	108394	98.8%
莪蒁	0	0.0%
莪朮	1359	1.2%

https://kotobank.jp/word/莪蒁-462283#w-462283
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ガジュツ

daijs, wiki

Our usual style.

@@ -17 +17 @@
-<gloss>Trigonotis peduncularis (wild herb species)</gloss>
+<gloss>Trigonotis peduncularis (species of wild herb)</gloss>

GG5

キュウリグサ	5691	89.3%
胡瓜草	684	10.7%

https://kotobank.jp/word/胡瓜草-477448#goog_rewarded
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/キュウリグサ

daijs, wiki

gg5, jitsuyou

顧客情報 430,724

Common A+B.

@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<gloss>bacterial flora</gloss>
@@ -13,2 +13,0 @@
-<gloss>bacterial flora</gloss>
-<gloss>microbial flora</gloss>

細菌叢	16012	88.1%
微生物叢	2167	11.9%

https://kotobank.jp/word/細菌叢-1825109

daijs

Too new for the n-grams. Huge number of web hits for マイクロバイオーム, not many for ミクロビオーム.

@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ミクロビオーム</reb>
+<re_inf>&rk;</re_inf>

KOD追加語彙, daijs

daijs
https://bifidus-fund.jp/keyword/kw055.shtml

Plenty of web hits.

gg5
病理学的	58,146		
病理的	10,282

gg5, prog, smk
ディーゼル車	145,034

Most of our Takuya entries are tagged as [given].

A friend of mine is male and is called that so surely not limited to females, is there even any source this would be a female name? else it should be changed to male

@@ -11 +11 @@
-<misc>&fem;</misc>
+<misc>&given;</misc>

https://www.31ice.co.jp/contents/about/

I think we should lead with the official spelling.
Can't use [abbr] in jmnedict.

@@ -7,0 +8,4 @@
+<reb>サーティワン</reb>
+<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
@@ -10,3 +13,0 @@
-<r_ele>
-<reb>サーティワン</reb>
-</r_ele>
@@ -14,3 +15,2 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<misc>&abbr;</misc>
-<gloss>Baskin-Robbins (ice cream parlor)</gloss>
+<misc>&company;</misc>
+<gloss>Baskin-Robbins (abbr)</gloss>

バスキンロビンズ	733	 

サーティーワン	37608	 31 a popular number for some reason... 
サーティワン	26091	  
サーティーン	9320	("thirteen", for comparison)

サーティーワンのアイス	3060	
サーティワンのアイス	2156	 
サーティワンアイス	4358	  


バスキン・ロビンス
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/バスキン・ロビンス
日本での名称はサーティワンアイスクリーム。

"Baskin-Robbins" is a humorously unrecognizable term in Japan, even though every store has the famous BR/31 logo and the name all over the signage.  I swear there are Japanese people who if you say "バスキン・ロビンス", they don't know what you're talking about.  "BR" also doesn't work as a name, you have to say "サーティーワン". 

A simple search for "31へ" will yield a bunch of hits on twitter/x. (it's not all ice cream, but if you scroll there are plenty of matches)
https://x.com/search?q="３１へ"&src=typed_query

Apparently サーティワン is a Baskin-Robins specific orthography(サーティーワン is the "better" romanization of "thirty one"). It's in their corporate name.  You could call 31 an [abbr] for 日本での名称: サーティワンアイスクリーム。

Is this big enough to get the マクド treatment and go in jmdict?  It's the dominant/best-known ice cream chain in Japan.

ngrams are not a good representation, as I am sure people would usually type "31". Still surprisingly high.

Indeed. Thanks.

I think サーティワン was meant to be dropped in the kanji form

@@ -5 +5 @@
-<keb>３１サーティワンアイスクリーム</keb>
+<keb>３１アイスクリーム</keb>

https://www.31ice.co.jp/contents/about/
>> サーティワンアイスクリームは1945年アメリカのカリフォルニア州の郊外にBaskin(バスキン）氏、Robbins(ロビンス)氏によって創設された世界最大のアイスクリームチェーンです。
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/バスキン・ロビンス
>> 日本での名称はサーティワンアイスクリーム。

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/名探偵コナン
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_Closed
名探偵コナン	420,977