JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 1260260 Active (id: 2350079)
賢い [ichi1,news2,nf30] ；畏い [rK]
【かしこい [ichi1,news2,nf30] 】

1.	[adj-i] ▶ wise ▶ clever ▶ smart
2.	[adj-i] [chn] Dialect: ksb ▶ well-behaved (esp. children and pets) ▶ obedient ▶ good

Conjugations

History:

4.	A 2025-10-27 10:34:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2025-10-27 07:33:44 GM <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	賢い　　 1,649,169 83.4% 畏い　　 213 0.0% -rK (daijs) かしこい 327,852 16.6%
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
2.	A 2022-01-15 02:00:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2022-01-08 14:01:05 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://blog.goo.ne.jp/tarako0831/e/e3f385eb43be343f53dcd8431ae64342 関西弁（滋賀・京都）の幼児語で私が驚いたものベスト３そして堂々の第１位は（ドドドドドドド太鼓の音）「かしこい」です！！！！ってかしこいは標準語じゃんと思う皆様ちっちっち使い方が違うんですよ関西では子供に「いい子だね～」とか「えらいえらい」とか褒めるときに「かしこいな～」とか「かしこいかしこい」とかしこいを連発するのです滋賀のじいじは毎朝仕事に行くとき必ず孫達に「かしこーしときや」といって出かけていきますこの場合関東では「おりこうさんにして待っててね」という感じです I hear this all the time and have heard this meaning if the word discussed between natives
	Diff:	@@ -24,0 +25,8 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&adj-i;</pos> +<misc>&chn;</misc> +<dial>&ksb;</dial> +<gloss>well-behaved (esp. children and pets)</gloss> +<gloss>obedient</gloss> +<gloss>good</gloss> +</sense>

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jmdict 1353180 Active (id: 2350093)
上皇 [spec1]
【じょうこう [spec1] 】

1.

[n] [hon]
▶ retired emperor
▶ ex-emperor
▶ former emperor
▶ emperor emeritus

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2839446 上皇陛下【じょうこうへいか】 1. retired emperor; ex-emperor; former emperor; emperor emeritus

History:

5.	A 2025-10-27 22:31:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	上皇陛下 162 上皇 80397
	Comments:	上皇 is the most common term. I guess it's more used now. I'll flag it.
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -8,0 +10 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
4.	A* 2025-10-27 22:08:45
	Comments:	one or several of the "retired emperor" words probably deserve a frequency tag? considering there is a retired emperor now (and has been for the past 7 years) and he's often in the news. I'm not sure which word is the moat common though
3.	A 2022-07-19 21:19:46 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr: 天皇が譲位後に受ける尊称。
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<misc>&hon;</misc>
2.	A 2019-05-01 11:44:44 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2019-05-01 09:45:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, etc.
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13,3 @@ +<gloss>ex-emperor</gloss> +<gloss>former emperor</gloss> +<gloss>emperor emeritus</gloss>

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jmdict 1508560 Active (id: 2350080)
閉じ込める [spec1] ；閉じこめる；閉込める [sK]
【とじこめる [spec1] 】

1.

[v1,vt]
▶ to lock up
▶ to shut up
▶ to imprison

Conjugations

History:

4.	A 2025-10-27 10:34:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2025-10-27 08:52:47 GM <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	閉じ込める 72,656 71.3% 閉じこめる 22,597 22.2% 閉込める　 57 0.1% -sK とじこめる 6,618 6.5%
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2.	A 2017-02-10 22:19:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2017-02-10 15:00:47 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: 閉じ込める 72656 閉じこめる 22597 閉込める 57 とじこめる 6618 -- 閉じ込め 730231 閉じこめ 149033 閉込め 2460 とじこめ 32497
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri> @@ -14,0 +16 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>

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jmdict 1529340 Active (id: 2350073)
眠気 [ichi1,news2,nf29] ；睡気 [rK] ；眠け [sK]
【ねむけ [ichi1,news2,nf29] 】

1.

[n]
▶ sleepiness
▶ drowsiness

History:

4.	A 2025-10-27 10:19:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2025-10-27 09:05:30 GM <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	眠気　 966,453 97.9% 眠け　 9,332 0.9% -sK 睡気　 752 0.1% -rK (daijs) ねむけ 10,473 1.1%
	Diff:	@@ -11 +11,2 @@ -<keb>眠け</keb> +<keb>睡気</keb> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -14 +15,2 @@ -<keb>睡気</keb> +<keb>眠け</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2.	A 2012-09-06 18:41:23 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-09-06 18:08:29 Scott
	Refs:	daijs nikk
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>睡気</keb>

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jmdict 1533840 Active (id: 2350045)
毛穴 [news2,nf46] ；毛孔 [rK] ；毛あな [sK]
【けあな [news2,nf46] 】

1.

[n]
▶ pore (of the skin)

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2867688 毛孔【もうこう】 1. pore (of the skin)

History:

9.	A 2025-10-27 03:04:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK, I'll set up the extra entry.
8.	A* 2025-10-26 16:08:02 Sombrero1
	Refs:	孔：呉音＝ク；クウ漢音＝コウ (Wiktionary) Nikkoku has both もうく and もうこう as entries, with the former referencing to the latter. 字通［普及版］has 毛孔・もうこう：⇒毛穴 So もうく is just the older version of もうこう最新医学大辞典第2版 has 毛孔・もうこう for "pore", which makes sense since scientific/field terms usually use 漢語. The terms in LSD with 毛孔 also all have the reading もうこう .
	Comments:	It's probably best to drop もうく alltogether, but I would propose having an entry for 毛孔・もうこう with maybe a [med] tag.
7.	A* 2025-10-26 15:26:45 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	もうく is only mentioned in koj and nikk. Since 毛孔 is tagged [rK] and is the only kanji form for もうく, we'd need to split it into a separate entry. I don't think もうく is needed at all. Interestingly, there are some words (毛孔性角化症, 毛孔性苔癬) in which 毛孔 is read もうこう.
	Diff:	@@ -21,4 +20,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>もうく</reb> -<re_restr>毛孔</re_restr>
6.	A 2025-10-26 10:17:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2025-10-26 07:10:47 GM <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	毛穴　 3,148,238 98.6% 毛孔　 34,253 1.1% -rK (daijs) 毛あな 196 0.0% -sK けあな 1,956 0.1% もうく 7,582 0.2%
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +11 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -13,0 +15 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)
4.	A 2016-09-02 22:51:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2016-09-02 19:54:29 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -26 +26 @@ -<gloss>pores (of the skin)</gloss> +<gloss>pore (of the skin)</gloss>
2.	A 2010-07-18 15:27:43 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	you can do reading restrictions yourself now pretty easily. (but none actually needs to be added here because the restriction already exists)
1.	A* 2010-07-18 13:17:55 Scott
	Comments:	reading restriction needed
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +11,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>毛あな</keb>

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jmdict 2148700 Active (id: 2350596)
指事
【しじ】

1.

[n]
《one of the six classes of Chinese characters》
▶ logogram
▶ indicative
▶ [expl] character depicting an abstract idea

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 1561420 六書 1. the six classes of Chinese characters

History:

10.	A 2025-11-03 09:44:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Quiet
9.	A* 2025-10-27 22:40:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Reopen.
8.	A 2025-10-27 22:40:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	It's not a usage notein this case, but that field is also used for more general information about the sense. As stated in the definition of the field: "The sense-information elements provide for additional information to be recorded about a sense. Typical usage would be to indicate such things as level of currency of a sense, the regional variations, etc." In the case of these six 六書 entries, I think it's appropriate that their membership of that class is stated explicitly, and the <s_inf> element is a good place to have it. I'll reinstate it, and reopen for a while. Yes, two-way xrefs are propbably appropriate here.
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<s_inf>one of the six classes of Chinese characters</s_inf>
7.	A* 2025-10-26 11:01:07 Sombrero1
	Comments:	I agree with anonさん, that's not a usage note. A simple solution to omitting the "one of the six classes of Chinese characters" would be to have each of the six also xref back to 六書. In that way it's clear to the user without too much text in the [expl] gloss. Though having it in the [expl] also seemed fine to me.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1561420">六書・1</xref> @@ -14 +15 @@ -<gloss g_type="expl">character depicting an abstract idea, one of the six classes of Chinese characters</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">character depicting an abstract idea</gloss>
6.	A* 2025-10-21 05:01:48
	Comments:	Not a note on usage.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +11,0 @@ -<s_inf>one of the six classes of Chinese characters</s_inf> @@ -15 +14 @@ -<gloss g_type="expl">character depicting an abstract idea</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">character depicting an abstract idea, one of the six classes of Chinese characters</gloss>
(show/hide 5 older log entries)
5.	A 2025-10-20 23:44:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Comments:	See comments on entry 1820890.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,2 @@ -<field>&ling;</field> +<s_inf>one of the six classes of Chinese characters</s_inf> +<gloss>logogram</gloss> @@ -14 +15 @@ -<gloss g_type="expl">type of character depicting an abstract idea (one of the six classes of Chinese characters)</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">character depicting an abstract idea</gloss>
4.	A* 2025-10-19 10:06:30 Sergey <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/logogram
	Comments:	Aligning formatting of rokusho types. Removed the meaning of "logogram" as it is a more general term than "indicative" type of kanji (see ref), basically meaning a hieroglyph.
	Diff:	@@ -13,2 +13,2 @@ -<gloss>indicative (kanji whose shape is based on logical representation of an abstract idea)</gloss> -<gloss>logogram</gloss> +<gloss>indicative</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">type of character depicting an abstract idea (one of the six classes of Chinese characters)</gloss>
3.	A 2022-02-15 11:06:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, KOD
	Comments:	Ideogram is more usually 意字 or 表意文字.
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<gloss>ideogram</gloss> +<gloss>logogram</gloss>
2.	A* 2022-02-15 06:56:48 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	en.wikt
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<field>&ling;</field> @@ -12,0 +14 @@ +<gloss>ideogram</gloss>
1.	A 2007-03-28 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2302080 Active (id: 2350041)

ジーニー

1.

[n] [dated] {computing}
▶ Jini

History:

3.	A 2025-10-27 01:37:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jini
	Comments:	Needs to be in its own entry,
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10 @@ +<misc>&dated;</misc> @@ -11,4 +11,0 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<gloss>Djinn</gloss>
2.	A* 2025-10-27 00:48:22
	Refs:	This is not only related to the computing. Saw in game "Super Fantasy Kingdom".
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,4 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>Djinn</gloss> +</sense>
1.	A 2008-05-24 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2399900 Active (id: 2350050)
袋茸
【ふくろたけ；フクロタケ (nokanji) 】

1.

[n]
▶ paddy straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea)
▶ straw mushroom

History:

3.	A 2025-10-27 03:37:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2025-10-27 03:14:09 Joe Murray
	Refs:	袋茸 1570 49.4% フクロタケ 1605 50.6% https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/フクロタケ
	Comments:	Close on the n-grams, updating to usual format
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16 @@ -<gloss>paddy straw mushroom</gloss> +<gloss>paddy straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea)</gloss> @@ -18 +17,0 @@ -<gloss>Volvariella volvacea</gloss>
1.	A 2008-07-23 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2420060 Active (id: 2350087)
竜虎相打つ；竜虎相搏つ；龍虎相打つ [oK] ；龍虎相搏つ [sK]
【りゅうこあいうつ】

1.

[exp] [id]
▶ a fight between equally great opponents
▶ [lit] dragon and tiger fighting one another

History:

6.	A 2025-10-27 19:33:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2025-10-27 16:47:00 Sombrero1
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬─────┬───────╮ │ 竜虎相打つ │ 653 │ 57.1% │Sankoku; add │ 龍虎相打つ │ 240 │ 21.0% │[oK] │ 竜虎相搏つ │ 171 │ 15.0% │ │ 龍虎相搏つ │ 79 │ 6.9% │add; references use this as an [sK] form it seems, one [oK] form with 龍 is probably enough ╰─ーーーーー─┴─────┴───────╯
	Comments:	Adding [lit] gloss, perhaps subject to improvement.
	Diff:	@@ -5 +5 @@ -<keb>龍虎相打つ</keb> +<keb>竜虎相打つ</keb> @@ -8,0 +9,8 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>龍虎相打つ</keb> +<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>龍虎相搏つ</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -16,0 +25 @@ +<gloss g_type="lit">dragon and tiger fighting one another</gloss>
4.	A* 2025-10-27 15:40:19 Nikolai Vavilov <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	N-gram
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>龍虎相打つ</keb> +</k_ele>
3.	A 2018-01-15 22:16:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2017-12-08 12:00:19 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij
	Comments:	not really sure this should be glossed as a noun (but pretty sure it shouldn't be glossed as a proverb)
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>Diamonds cut diamonds</gloss> +<gloss>a fight between equally great opponents</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A 2008-11-21 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2467800 Active (id: 2350614)

デューテリウム；ジュウテリウム；ジューテリウム [sk] ；デュウテリウム [sk]

1.

[n] {chemistry}
▶ deuterium
▶ heavy hydrogen

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1336390 重水素 1. deuterium; heavy hydrogen

History:

4.	A 2025-11-03 10:23:14 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Quiet
3.	A* 2025-10-27 22:54:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ジューテリウム 0 0.0% - gets WWW hist and a mention thr Wikip article デューテリウム 389 74.2% ジュウテリウム 135 25.8% デュウテリウム 0 0.0%
	Comments:	Another version.
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@ +<reb>ジュウテリウム</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> @@ -8,0 +12,5 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>デュウテリウム</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -11,0 +20,2 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1336390">重水素</xref> +<field>&chem;</field> @@ -12,0 +23 @@ +<gloss>heavy hydrogen</gloss>
2.	A 2025-07-11 08:57:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	デューテリウム 389 100.0% - GG5 ジューテリウム 0 0.0% - most EJs
	Comments:	Merge
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ジューテリウム</reb>
1.	A 2009-07-17 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2867341 Active (id: 2350081)
空気調節器
【くうきちょうせつき】

1.	[n] ▶ pneumatic controller
2.	[n] ▶ air flow regulator

History:

2.	A 2025-10-27 10:40:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	空気調節器 155 Eijiro, Kagaku glossary
	Comments:	Odd, as 空気調節 usually means "air conditioning". But then 調節器 means regulator/controller.
1.	A* 2025-09-27 08:20:22 Hendrik
	Refs:	https://nafco-online.com/products/detail.php?product_id=21872150 https://www.blpneumatic.com/ja/air-source-treatment-unit/air-regulator/
	Comments:	Promoting this entry from WI2 空気調節器 seems to be rarely used and appears to be a short form of 空気量調節器 or 空気流量調節器 = air flow (volume) regulator (a control device that one can find in various forms with gas stoves, production and cleaning machinery, medical devices, etc.) - not to be confused with 空気調節機, which is the same as 空気調和機 = air conditioning unit/device.

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jmdict 2867424 Active (id: 2350078)
灰華
【かいか】

1.

[n] {mineralogy}
▶ travertine

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2499860 トラバーチン 1. travertine
	⇒ see: 2867697 石灰華 1. calcareous sinter; travertine

History:

2.	A 2025-10-27 10:31:05 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	トラバーチン 2473 石灰華 4844
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,2 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2499860">トラバーチン</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2867697">石灰華</xref> @@ -13 +15 @@ -<gloss>Travertine</gloss> +<gloss>travertine</gloss>
1.	A* 2025-10-04 19:18:39
	Refs:	NEW斎藤和英大辞典 Google N-gram Corpus Counts 灰華 651 Kyoto/Melbourne N-gram Corpus Counts 灰華 No matches

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jmdict 2867497 Active (id: 2350055)
観光過剰
【かんこうかじょう】

1.

[n]
▶ overtourism

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2867498 過剰観光【かじょうかんこう】 1. overtourism

History:

2.	A 2025-10-27 04:22:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I guess so. A bit obvious and not in the ngrams or references.
1.	A* 2025-10-11 12:15:31 Hendrik
	Refs:	https://unwto-ap.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/overtourism_Ex_Summary_low-2.pdf https://www.ntt.com/bizon/overtourism.html also personal communication during a tourism management seminar
	Comments:	Also used as phrasal term 過剰な観光 (should I make that a new entry?) https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOCD223SD0S4A420C2000000/ https://ashita.biglobe.co.jp/entry/social-good/over-tourism https://tbs-mri.com/n/n74f42cea597e https://forbesjapan.com/articles/detail/79107

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jmdict 2867498 Active (id: 2350056)
過剰観光
【かじょうかんこう】

1.

[n]
▶ overtourism

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2867497 観光過剰 1. overtourism

History:

4.	A 2025-10-27 04:23:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I guess so. A bit obvious and not in the ngrams or references.
3.	A* 2025-10-18 16:09:05 Hendrik
	Comments:	Sorry, the fix does not seem to work. Xref should be to 2349235
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<xref type="see">観光過剰・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2867497">観光過剰</xref>
2.	A* 2025-10-18 16:06:37 Hendrik
	Comments:	fixed the broken xref
1.	A* 2025-10-11 12:19:29 Hendrik
	Refs:	https://forbesjapan.com/articles/detail/79107 also personal communication in the context of a tourism management seminar

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jmdict 2867618 Active (id: 2350090)
滲出性体質
【しんしゅつせいたいしつ】

1.

[n] {medicine}
▶ exudative diathesis

History:

2.	A 2025-10-27 20:18:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Quiet
1.	A* 2025-10-20 22:34:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, etc. Kagaku, Koj, Eijiro

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jmdict 2867619 Active (id: 2350091)
滲出性中耳炎
【しんしゅつせいちゅうじえん】

1.

[n] {medicine}
▶ exudative otitis media
▶ secretory otitis media
▶ middle ear effusion
▶ glue ear

History:

2.	A 2025-10-27 20:19:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Quiet
1.	A* 2025-10-20 22:40:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	滲出性中耳炎 22748 GG5, LSD, Igaku, Eijiro

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jmdict 2867629 Deleted (id: 2350097)

ジュウテリウム

1.

[n] {chemistry}
▶ deuterium
▶ heavy hydrogen

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1336390 重水素 1. deuterium; heavy hydrogen

History:

2.	D 2025-10-27 22:56:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Oops. Merge with the デューテリウム entry.
1.	A* 2025-10-21 23:13:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ジュウテリウム 135 二重水素 213 重水素 24344 新英和大辞典, etc.

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jmdict 2867650 Active (id: 2350054)
級章
【きゅうしょう】

1.

[n] [abbr]
▶ badge of rank
▶ rank insignia

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1203050 階級章 1. badge of rank; rank insignia

History:

2.	A 2025-10-27 04:13:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	級章 522 階級章 17935
	Comments:	It's not a recognised morpheme, and seems to be either an abbreviation or a rare formation. Probably worth recording.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,4 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1203050">階級章</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1203050">階級章</xref> +<misc>&abbr;</misc> +<gloss>badge of rank</gloss>
1.	A* 2025-10-23 00:36:09 Anthony Russo <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	1リットルの涙(ISBN: 9784900435261) page 92: 「…わたしは、東高の校章と級章をとりはずし、引出しの奥深くしまった。」
	Comments:	The author appears to be using it as an abbreviation for: 階級章

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jmdict 2867655 Deleted (id: 2350089)
予先
【よせん】

1.

[n]
▶ preempting
▶ forestalling
▶ (mental) block

History:

4.	D 2025-10-27 20:09:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	May as well drop it.
3.	D* 2025-10-25 05:23:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	予先 69
	Comments:	I'm not seeing anything useful.
2.	A* 2025-10-23 18:25:30 Sean McBroom <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://x.com/search?q=予先 since:2025-07-01
	Comments:	I don't see any standard usage. Only 7 tweets since July and most often it's a misspelling of 矛先 or abbreviation of 予約先着.
1.	A* 2025-10-23 02:14:06 Sean Fogarty <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Nothing is coming up online, but I am told it is often used, for example in 集中の予先、議論の予先、怒りの予先

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jmdict 2867659 Active (id: 2350043)

フェディバース

1.

[n] {Internet}
▶ fediverse

History:

3.	A 2025-10-27 01:49:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fediverse
2.	A* 2025-10-23 23:45:36
	Diff:	@@ -9 +9 @@ -<field>&comp;</field> +<field>&internet;</field>
1.	A* 2025-10-23 22:55:12
	Refs:	https://www.gizmodo.jp/2024/03/what-is-fediverse.html https://news.mynavi.jp/techplus/article/svalley-966/ https://news.yahoo.co.jp/expert/articles/4500ff5cef66dcaf089269c139aeb2c6d65aa573 https://gihyo.jp/article/2025/06/threads-fediverse-feed https://joinfediverse.wiki/Fediverse/ja

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jmdict 2867663 Active (id: 2350074)

ワットパフォーマンス；ワット・パフォーマンス

1.

[n] {computing} Source lang: eng(wasei) "watt performance"
▶ performance per watt
▶ PPW

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2867691 ワッパ 1. performance per watt; PPW

History:

4.	A 2025-10-27 10:22:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_per_watt
	Comments:	Not always, but I guess it can stay.
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +15 @@ +<gloss>PPW</gloss>
3.	A* 2025-10-27 05:20:26
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<field>&comp;</field>
2.	A 2025-10-27 01:51:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ワット・パフォーマンス</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -9 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>performance per watt (wasei:)</gloss> +<lsource ls_wasei="y">watt performance</lsource> +<gloss>performance per watt</gloss>
1.	A* 2025-10-24 17:21:59
	Refs:	https://jisaku.com/glossary/performance-per-watt https://pcinformation.info/computer/watts-performance.html

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jmdict 2867687 Active (id: 2350646)

ジーニー

1.

[n]
▶ genie
▶ djinn

History:

2.	A 2025-11-04 00:22:23 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Quiet
1.	A* 2025-10-27 01:39:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	RP
	Comments:	Quite a few www hits. Split from 2302080 proposal.

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jmdict 2867688 Active (id: 2350647)
毛孔
【もうこう；もうく [sk] 】

1.

[n] {medicine}
▶ pore (of the skin)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1533840 毛穴 1. pore (of the skin)

History:

2.	A 2025-11-04 00:48:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Quiet
1.	A* 2025-10-27 03:04:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Split from 1533840, see comments there. I suggest keeping もうく as a search key.

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jmdict 2867689 Active (id: 2350052)
箒茸
【ホウキタケ (nokanji)；ほうきたけ】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ clustered coral (Ramaria botrytis)
▶ pink-tipped coral mushroom

History:

2.	A 2025-10-27 03:55:12 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
1.	A* 2025-10-27 03:10:30 Joe Murray
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ホウキタケ https://kotobank.jp/word/箒茸-627303#goog_rewarded daijs, wiki ホウキタケ 1583 95.7% 箒茸 71 4.3%

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jmdict 2867690 Active (id: 2350051)
埃茸
【ホコリタケ (nokanji)；ほこりたけ】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ common puffball (Lycoperdon perlatum)
▶ warted puffball

History:

2.	A 2025-10-27 03:39:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
1.	A* 2025-10-27 03:22:22 Joe Murray
	Refs:	ホコリタケ 2680 100.0% 埃茸 0 0.0% https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ホコリタケ https://kotobank.jp/word/埃茸-629771#w-1750449 daijs, wiki

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jmdict 2867691 Active (id: 2350104)

ワッパ

1.

[n] [abbr,col] {computing}
▶ performance per watt
▶ PPW

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2867663 ワットパフォーマンス 1. performance per watt; PPW

History:

4.	A 2025-10-27 23:55:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2025-10-27 23:51:36
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10 @@ +<field>&comp;</field> @@ -12,0 +14 @@ +<gloss>PPW</gloss>
2.	A 2025-10-27 10:23:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2025-10-27 04:34:34
	Refs:	https://pcinformation.info/computer/watts-performance.html https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ワッパ https://subcash.info/what-watt-performance/ https://monobook.org/wiki/ワッパ

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jmdict 2867692 Active (id: 2350069)
連碁
【れんご】

1.

[n] {go (game)}
▶ rengo
▶ [expl] Go played by two teams of multiple players taking turns

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 2867693 ペア碁 1. pair go; Go played by two teams with one male and female player on each team taking turns

History:

3.	A 2025-10-27 08:54:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2025-10-27 06:46:41 Adrian Grana <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2867693">ペア碁</xref>
1.	A* 2025-10-27 06:39:20 Adrian Grana <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	大辞林第三版れんご [0][1]【連碁・▼聯碁】数人ずつ二組みに分かれ，一局の碁をかわるがわる一手もしくは数手ずつ打つこと。また，その囲碁。広辞苑第七版れん‐ご【連碁・聯碁】数人の者が二組に分かれ、一局の碁を何手かずつ代わる代わる打つこと。また、その碁。デジタル大辞泉れん‐ご【連碁／×聯碁】数人の者が二組みに分かれ、1局の碁を1石ずつ代わる代わる打つこと。精選版　日本国語大辞典れん‐ご【連碁・聯碁】〘名〙囲碁で、対局者の双方が複数で、各々が一定数の着手を交代して打ち進める碁。着手に関する相談が許されない点で相談碁と異なる。 ※十年前の夏（１８９８）〈正岡子規〉「ある時は大殿も君も腰元家司どももある限り皆寄りつどひて連碁、連将棊などいふものすめり」

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jmdict 2867693 Active (id: 2350068)
ペア碁
【ペアご】

1.

[n] {go (game)}
▶ pair go
▶ [expl] Go played by two teams with one male and female player on each team taking turns

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 2867692 連碁 1. rengo; Go played by two teams of multiple players taking turns

History:

2.	A 2025-10-27 08:54:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2025-10-27 06:45:41 Adrian Grana <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ペア碁 https://senseis.xmp.net/?Rengo
	Comments:	rengo and pair go is not the same but there is a lot of conflated usage these days by both English and Japanese players and sometimes pair go is used losely to mean rengo and visa versa

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jmdict 2867694 Active (id: 2359740)
一色碁
【いっしょくご】

1.

[n] {go (game)}
▶ one color go
▶ [expl] go variant played with one-colored stones where players must remember which stones are theirs

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2867695 トーラス碁【トーラスご】 1. torus go; toroidal go; t-go; go variant played on a board where edges wraparound like a torus

History:

7.	A 2026-02-07 00:10:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	True
6.	A* 2026-02-06 08:01:57
	Comments:	The dictionary style is not to capitalize the game go.
	Diff:	@@ -13,2 +13,2 @@ -<gloss>One Color Go</gloss> -<gloss g_type="expl">Go variant played with one-colored stones where players must remember which stones are theirs</gloss> +<gloss>one color go</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">go variant played with one-colored stones where players must remember which stones are theirs</gloss>
5.	A 2026-02-06 07:20:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2026-02-06 06:34:08 Adrian Grana <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<gloss g_type="expl">Go with played with one-colored stones where players must remember which stones are theirs</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">Go variant played with one-colored stones where players must remember which stones are theirs</gloss>
3.	A 2025-10-27 08:59:09 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A* 2025-10-27 07:08:26 Adrian Grana <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>one color go</gloss> +<gloss>One Color Go</gloss>
1.	A* 2025-10-27 06:58:55 Adrian Grana <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://senseis.xmp.net/?OneColorGo https://igo-kifu.com/api/topic/437 https://www.ntkr.co.jp/igoyogo/yogo_93.html
	Comments:	the sensei link says めくら碁 but that's wrong, that means blindfolded go which is something different, the English usage is correct though.

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jmdict 2867695 Active (id: 2359741)
トーラス碁
【トーラスご】

1.

[n] {go (game)}
▶ torus go
▶ toroidal go
▶ t-go
▶ [expl] go variant played on a board where edges wraparound like a torus

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2867694 一色碁 1. one color go; go variant played with one-colored stones where players must remember which stones are theirs

History:

4.	A 2026-02-07 00:11:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2026-02-06 08:02:28
	Diff:	@@ -15,4 +15,4 @@ -<gloss>Torus Go</gloss> -<gloss>Toroidal Go</gloss> -<gloss>t-Go</gloss> -<gloss g_type="expl">a Go variant played on a board where edges wraparound like a torus</gloss> +<gloss>torus go</gloss> +<gloss>toroidal go</gloss> +<gloss>t-go</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">go variant played on a board where edges wraparound like a torus</gloss>
2.	A 2025-10-27 10:23:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2025-10-27 07:09:54 Adrian Grana <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/囲碁のバリエーション https://senseis.xmp.net/?ToroidalGo https://yanatsuba.hatenablog.com/entry/2014/01/05/014354

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jmdict 2867696 Active (id: 2350070)
Ｌｉｎｕｘディストリビューション
【リナックスディストリビューション】

1.

[n] {computing}
▶ Linux distribution

History:

2.	A 2025-10-27 08:55:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2025-10-27 07:27:31
	Refs:	https://kotobank.jp/word/linuxでいすとりびゆーしよん-658166

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jmdict 2867697 Active (id: 2350595)
石灰華
【せっかいか】

1.

[n] {mineralogy}
▶ calcareous sinter
▶ travertine

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2867424 灰華【かいか】 1. travertine

History:

2.	A 2025-11-03 09:42:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Quiet
1.	A* 2025-10-27 10:30:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, 中辞典石灰華 4844

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jmdict 2867698 Active (id: 2350086)
２ＦＡ
【ツー・エフ・エー；ツーエフエー [sk] 】

1.

[n] {computing}
▶ two-factor authentication
▶ 2FA

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2838088 二段階認証 1. two-factor authentication

History:

2.	A 2025-10-27 19:28:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2025-10-27 11:21:08
	Refs:	https://kotobank.jp/word/2fa-2131352

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jmdict 2867699 Active (id: 2350088)
蝿蛆症
【ようそしょう】

1.

[n] {medicine}
▶ myiasis

History:

2.	A 2025-10-27 19:34:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	医学英和辞典, RP
1.	A* 2025-10-27 11:34:21
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/蠅蛆症 https://www.msdmanuals.com/ja-jp/home/17-皮膚の病気/皮膚寄生虫感染症/皮膚蝿蛆症

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jmdict 2867700 Active (id: 2350105)
苦栗茸
【ニガクリタケ (nokanji)；にがくりたけ】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ sulphur tuft (Hypholoma fasciculare)
▶ clustered woodlover

History:

2.	A 2025-10-27 23:56:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, RP
1.	A* 2025-10-27 23:28:23 Joe Murray
	Refs:	ニガクリタケ 1513 100.0% 苦栗茸 0 0.0% https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ニガクリタケ https://kotobank.jp/word/苦栗茸-591094#w-591094 daijs, wiki

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jmdict 2867701 Active (id: 2350103)
黒初
【クロハツ (nokanji)；くろはつ】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ blackening brittlegill (Russula nigricans)

History:

2.

A 2025-10-27 23:55:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>

1.

A* 2025-10-27 23:32:24 Joe Murray

Refs:

クロハツ	841	82.9%
黒初	174	17.1%

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/クロハツ
https://kotobank.jp/word/黒初-487297#w-487297
https://www.first-nature.com/fungi/russula-nigricans.php - English name

daijs, wiki

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jmdict 2867702 Active (id: 2350101)
赤蝦夷松
【アカエゾマツ (nokanji)；あかえぞまつ】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ Sakhalin spruce (Picea glehnii)
▶ Glehn's spruce

History:

2.	A 2025-10-27 23:51:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
1.	A* 2025-10-27 23:46:40 Joe Murray
	Refs:	アカエゾマツ 7820 97.7% 赤蝦夷松 181 2.3% https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/アカエゾマツ https://kotobank.jp/word/赤蝦夷松-422528#w-422528 daijs, wiki

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If you have questions about, problems using, or suggestions for improving this page, please send email to jimbreen@gmail.com.
JMdictDB is an open-source Postgresql database and Python API for managing Japanese dictionary data developed by Stuart McGraw. More information at http://edrdg.org/~smg/. Please report software problems at https://gitlab.com/yamagoya/jmdictdb/issues or email to jmdictdb@mtneva.com.

2.	A 2025-11-03 20:37:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Quiet
1.	A* 2025-10-27 04:05:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, 中辞典
	Comments:	Both JEs use this gloss. I think it is clearer.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<gloss>badge of rank</gloss>

JMdictDB - Japanese Dictionary Database

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