JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 1312930 Active (id: 2349250)
雌伏
【しふく】

1.

[n,vs,vi]
▶ lying low (and awaiting one's chance)
▶ biding one's time
▶ submitting at first (to then strike later)

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 1620110 雄飛 1. launching out (e.g. into a career); embarking upon (something); doing with great ambition

Conjugations

History:

4.	A 2025-10-11 20:45:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Yes, better.
3.	A* 2025-10-11 18:25:30 Sombrero1
	Refs:	Meikyo: 活躍の機会を待って、人の下に屈服すること。また、実力を養いながら活躍の機会を待つこと。 GG5, Chuujiten, Prog Most refs: ↔雄飛 .
	Comments:	Yes, maybe this is better?
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14,4 @@ -<gloss>remaining in obscurity</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="1620110">雄飛</xref> +<gloss>lying low (and awaiting one's chance)</gloss> +<gloss>biding one's time</gloss> +<gloss>submitting at first (to then strike later)</gloss>
2.	A* 2025-10-11 09:41:52 CARSON GROEL <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	デジタル大辞泉 has the following ［名］(スル)《雌鳥が雄鳥に従う意から》人に屈伏して従うこと。また、実力を養いながら活躍の機会をじっと待つこと。 This is what comes up on Google, apparently from Oxford Languages: 将来に活躍の日を期しながら、他の下に屈従すること。 Forbes Japan 「雌伏（しふく）」とは、自らの能力や力を隠し、時が来るまでじっと耐え忍ぶことを意味します。主に、将来の成功や飛躍のために、あえて不遇の時期を耐える状況で使われる言葉です。
	Comments:	Gloss seems missing a bit of this word's meaning. All definitions mention biding your time while waiting for an opportunity to strike/flourish, with some mentioning being in the subjugation of another in the meantime. 虎視眈々 was suggested as a similar word on weblio.
1.	A 2021-11-18 00:55:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos>

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jmdict 1620110 Active (id: 2349251)
雄飛
【ゆうひ】

1.

[n,vs,vi]
▶ launching out (e.g. into a career)
▶ embarking upon (something)
▶ doing with great ambition

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 1312930 雌伏 1. lying low (and awaiting one's chance); biding one's time; submitting at first (to then strike later)

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2025-10-11 20:47:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<gloss>launching right out (e.g. into a career)</gloss> +<gloss>launching out (e.g. into a career)</gloss>
2.	A* 2025-10-11 18:30:36 Somberero1
	Refs:	Daijs: 雄鳥が大空に飛び上がるように、大きな志をいだいて盛んに活動すること。「科学者として世界に―する」 GG5, chuujiten Most refs: ↔雌伏
	Diff:	@@ -14,2 +14,6 @@ -<gloss>launching out</gloss> -<gloss>embarking upon (a career)</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="1312930">雌伏</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1312930">雌伏</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1312930">雌伏</xref> +<gloss>launching right out (e.g. into a career)</gloss> +<gloss>embarking upon (something)</gloss> +<gloss>doing with great ambition</gloss>
1.	A 2021-11-18 01:03:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos>

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jmdict 1954590 Active (id: 2349252)
払い下げ；払下げ [sK]
【はらいさげ [news2,nf26] 】

1.

[n]
▶ sale (usu. of unwanted government assets)
▶ disposal

History:

3.	A 2025-10-11 20:54:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, etc.
	Diff:	@@ -18,2 +18,2 @@ -<gloss>disposal (usu. of unwanted government assets)</gloss> -<gloss>sale</gloss> +<gloss>sale (usu. of unwanted government assets)</gloss> +<gloss>disposal</gloss>
2.	A* 2025-10-11 18:13:52 Sombrero1
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 払い下げ　 │ 76,862 │ 84.7% │ │ 払下げ　　 │ 13,747 │ 15.1% │[sK] │ はらいさげ │ 184 │ 0.2% │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯ Shinsen, Oukoku, Iwakoku, Dajisen and Kojien have this spelling
	Diff:	@@ -5 +5,5 @@ -<keb>払い下げ,払下げ</keb> +<keb>払い下げ</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>払下げ</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
1.	A* 2025-10-11 13:15:57 matsugase <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/開拓使官有物払下げ事件
	Comments:	May be irregular?
	Diff:	@@ -5,3 +5 @@ -<keb>払い下げ</keb> -<ke_pri>news2</ke_pri> -<ke_pri>nf26</ke_pri> +<keb>払い下げ,払下げ</keb>

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jmdict 2196930 Active (id: 2349263)
秋桜；秋櫻 [sK]
【あきざくら；アキザクラ (nokanji) 】

1.

[n]
▶ garden cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus)
▶ Mexican aster

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1050230 コスモス 2. garden cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus); Mexican aster

History:

6.	A 2025-10-12 01:48:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijisen: コスモスの別名。
	Comments:	I'm not seeing a really case for it being a reading of 秋桜. Better off in #1050230.
	Diff:	@@ -17,4 +16,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>コスモス</reb> -<re_inf>&gikun;</re_inf>
5.	A* 2025-10-11 07:45:19
	Refs:	kanjipedia, smk, sankoku
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17,4 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>コスモス</reb> +<re_inf>&gikun;</re_inf>
4.	A 2024-01-02 18:07:57 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmos_bipinnatus 世界大百科: コスモス(和名アキザクラ，オオハルシャギク) https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/オオハルシャギクコスモス、アキザクラ（秋桜）とも呼ぶ。
	Comments:	I think the katakana form should be kept. No need to drop the species name here. This isn't an archaic or obscure term.
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>アキザクラ</reb> +<re_nokanji/> +</r_ele> @@ -17 +21,2 @@ -<gloss>common cosmos</gloss> +<gloss>garden cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus)</gloss> +<gloss>Mexican aster</gloss>
3.	A* 2024-01-02 05:56:31
	Refs:	秋桜 133226 97.4% あきざくら 2137 1.6% アキザクラ 397 0.3% 秋櫻 1045 0.8%
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,4 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>秋櫻</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> @@ -9,4 +12,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>アキザクラ</reb> -<re_nokanji/> @@ -17 +17 @@ -<gloss>common cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus)</gloss> +<gloss>common cosmos</gloss>
2.	A 2018-08-15 05:32:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>アキザクラ</reb> +<re_nokanji/> +</r_ele> @@ -12,2 +16,2 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1050230">コスモス・1</xref> -<gloss>cosmos (flower)</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="1050230">コスモス・2</xref> +<gloss>common cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus)</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A 2007-08-15 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2444840 Active (id: 2349219)

カポエイラ；カポエラ；カポエィラ

1.

[n] Source lang: por
▶ capoeira

History:

3.	A 2025-10-11 02:17:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think it's too common to hide.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +11,0 @@ -<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
2.	A* 2025-10-11 00:17:10 Joe Murray
	Refs:	カポエイラ 33140 38.6% カポエラ 26063 30.4% カポエィラ 26603 31.0% - not in refs that I can see but adding sk
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,4 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>カポエィラ</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
1.	A 2009-05-24 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2670680 Active (id: 2349246)
合間を縫う；合間をぬう
【あいまをぬう】

1.	[exp,v5u] [id] ▶ to make good use of one's spare moments
2.	[exp,v5u] [id] ▶ to weave one's way (e.g. through a crowd)

Conjugations

History:

6.	A 2025-10-11 18:11:46 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 合間を縫って　 │ 114,347 │ 56.7% │ │ 合間をぬって　 │ 86,072 │ 42.7% │ │ あいまをぬって │ 1,246 │ 0.6% │ ╰─ーーーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
5.	A* 2025-10-11 17:29:33
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>合間をぬう</keb>
4.	A 2023-11-24 20:15:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2023-11-24 15:48:02
	Refs:	sankoku
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<misc>&id;</misc> @@ -17,0 +19 @@ +<misc>&id;</misc>
2.	A 2011-12-06 19:50:49 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2011-12-06 12:13:44 Paul Upchurch
	Refs:	daijr, daijs, ALC

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jmdict 2839330 Active (id: 2349253)
観光公害
【かんこうこうがい】

1.

[n]
▶ overtourism

History:

4.	A 2025-10-11 20:56:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2025-10-11 13:06:10 Hendrik
	Refs:	https://www.ntt.com/bizon/overtourism.html https://www.asahi.com/sdgs/article/15357805 https://tbs-mri.com/n/n74f42cea597e (see comments) https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/観光公害 (see comments)
	Comments:	Although the page at tbs-mri.com defines 観光公害 = "tourism pollution" as the negative impact of オーバーツーリズム, Wikipedia points out that "tourism pollution" is an older term that in English did not gain as much currency as "overtourism" (the latter was apparently coined in 2015, well after the problem itself had become the topic of discussion already). I think it is safe to say that the current usage of "overtourism" implies "negative impact".
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>negative impacts of overtourism</gloss> +<gloss>overtourism</gloss>
2.	A 2019-04-28 00:59:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2019-04-24 21:03:45 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	wiki https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/観光公害 mentioned in 知恵蔵mini's "overtourism" entry 5 or so tweets past 24 hrs https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/08/04/national/media-national/theres-nothing-new-japans-online-backlash-tourists/ "Some of the criticism also takes a look at the bigger picture. Kankō kōgai (“tourism pollution”) has appeared a lot online this year, mostly in reference to Kyoto. A larger story that attracted attention came in spring, when Gendai published a piece about the city of Niseko turning into a place that didn’t resemble Japan."
	Comments:	Gloss can maybe be improved

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jmdict 2842239 Active (id: 2349224)
宿泊税
【しゅくはくぜい】

1.

[n]
▶ accommodation tax
▶ bed tax
▶ transient occupancy tax
▶ lodging tax

History:

5.	A 2025-10-11 02:42:14 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2025-10-06 07:10:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	???
	Comments:	Does this add anything?
	Diff:	@@ -13 +12,0 @@ -<gloss>lodging tax</gloss> @@ -15,0 +15 @@ +<gloss>lodging tax</gloss>
3.	A* 2025-10-05 12:39:00
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<gloss>lodging tax</gloss>
2.	A 2019-12-01 00:06:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ＫＯＤ追加語彙
1.	A* 2019-11-30 07:27:17 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	nipp https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/宿泊税 http://www.tax.metro.tokyo.jp/kazei/shuk.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transient_occupancy_tax

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jmdict 2867419 Active (id: 2349216)
硅板岩
【けいばんがん】

1.

[n] [rare]
▶ Lydian stone

History:

2.	A 2025-10-11 01:30:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2025-10-04 19:07:29
	Refs:	研究社新和英大辞典第５版 Kyoto/Melbourne N-gram Corpus Counts 硅板岩 3

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jmdict 2867427 Active (id: 2349225)
藍鉄土
【らんてつど】

1.

[n]
▶ blue iron earth

History:

2.	A 2025-10-11 02:47:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2025-10-04 19:25:08
	Refs:	研究社　新和英大辞典　第５版; ＣＤ－科学技術４５万語対訳辞典英和・和英

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jmdict 2867449 Deleted (id: 2349261)
敵に対する刑法
【てきにたいするけいほう】

1.

[n]
▶ feindstrafrecht
▶ criminal law of the enemy

History:

3.	D 2025-10-11 21:12:23 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	D* 2025-10-07 01:27:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	0 n-grams. 22 Googits.
	Comments:	Very obscure. Not really a Japanese term.
1.	A* 2025-10-06 16:01:10
	Refs:	https://kansai-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2003165/files/KU-0600-20111231-08.pdf https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000025-I012850006895618 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feindstrafrecht

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jmdict 2867451 Active (id: 2349222)
苦木
【ニガキ (nokanji)；にがき】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ Indian quassia (Picrasma quassioides)
▶ quassia wood
▶ picrasma wood

History:

2.	A 2025-10-11 02:20:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<gloss>picrasma wood</gloss>
1.	A* 2025-10-07 02:06:26 Joe Murray
	Refs:	ニガキ 1468 60.1% 苦木 974 39.9% https://kotobank.jp/word/苦木-484866#w-591092 https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ニガキ daijs, wiki

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jmdict 2867462 Active (id: 2349221)
菊咲一華
【キクザキイチゲ (nokanji)；きくざきいちげ】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ Anemone pseudoaltaica (anemone species)

History:

2.	A 2025-10-11 02:19:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
1.	A* 2025-10-07 22:30:30 Joe Murray
	Refs:	キクザキイチゲ 12338 93.6% 菊咲一華 841 6.4% nikk, wiki https://kotobank.jp/word/菊咲一華-2027160#w-1929718 https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/キクザキイチゲ

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jmdict 2867467 Active (id: 2349218)

ちゃうくない

1.

[exp] Dialect: ksb
《conjugation of ちゃう》
▶ isn't it (that) different (from usual, from what one could expect, etc.)?
▶ isn't that wrong?

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2013805 ちゃう 1. no; that's wrong; it's not like that

2.

[exp] Dialect: ksb
《as a response to a question containing ちゃう》
▶ no, that's wrong
▶ it's not like that
▶ that's not the case

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2013805 ちゃう 1. no; that's wrong; it's not like that

History:

2.	A 2025-10-11 02:14:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2025-10-08 02:34:40 Marcus Richert
	Refs:	違うくない 3551 ちがうくない 227 1 tweet past 24hrs ちゃうくない 75 9 tweets past 24hrs https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q14171331754 Q:「違うくない」は関西弁ですか？？ A: 多分関西弁ではないと思います俺は中部ですがよく使ったりしますよ！ A: そんなこと言うんですか？？兵庫県ですがあまり聞いたことないですね A: それ、関西じゃなくても使う人いるよね。 A: 関西人です「違うくない」は関西弁かは、分からないのですが、関西では、普通に使います人によっては、「ちゃうくない」と、いいます
	Comments:	based this on ちがうくない (which I added in 2018) not sure they need the 2nd sense feel the glosses are perhaps unnecessarily unwieldy

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jmdict 2867473 Active (id: 2349217)
精進袱紗
【しょうじんぶくさ】

1.

[n] {Buddhism}
▶ cloth used as a gift for ceremonies

History:

2.	A 2025-10-11 01:37:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijisen
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>silk wrapper for buddhist memorial gifts gifts</gloss> +<field>&Buddh;</field> +<gloss>cloth used as a gift for ceremonies</gloss>
1.	A* 2025-10-08 17:02:56
	Refs:	三省堂　スーパー大辞林; 広辞苑第七版

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jmdict 2867474 Active (id: 2349262)

スパイスコーナー；スパイス・コーナー

1.

[n] Source lang: eng(wasei) "spice corner"
▶ spice section (supermarket, grocery)

History:

2.	A 2025-10-11 21:18:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	スパイスコーナー 894
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>スパイス・コーナー</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -9 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>spice corner</gloss> +<lsource ls_wasei="y">spice corner</lsource> +<gloss>spice section (supermarket, grocery)</gloss>
1.	A* 2025-10-08 18:13:36
	Refs:	https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=スパイスコーナー

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jmdict 2867476 Active (id: 2349220)
金露梅
【キンロバイ (nokanji)；きんろばい】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ shrubby cinquefoil (Dasiphora fruticosa)
▶ golden hardhack

History:

2.	A 2025-10-11 02:18:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
1.	A* 2025-10-09 02:23:50 Joe Murray
	Refs:	金露梅 361 27.2% キンロバイ 968 72.8% https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/キンロバイ https://kotobank.jp/word/金露梅-482020#goog_rewarded daijs, wiki

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jmdict 2867477 Active (id: 2349213)
伶人草
【レイジンソウ (nokanji)；れいじんそう】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ Aconitum loczyanum (monkshood species)

History:

2.	A 2025-10-11 01:04:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 ルミナス: poisonous perennial of the buttercup family; it puts out showy pale-purple hooded flowers in summer.
1.	A* 2025-10-09 02:29:23 Joe Murray
	Refs:	レイジンソウ 600 77.4% 伶人草 175 22.6% https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/レイジンソウ https://kotobank.jp/word/伶人草-661050#w-661050 daijs, wiki

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jmdict 2867478 Active (id: 2349215)
温白色
【おんぱくしょく】

1.

[n]
▶ warm white colour

History:

2.	A 2025-10-11 01:29:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	温白色 564 照明大辞典
1.	A* 2025-10-09 05:13:47 Hendrik
	Refs:	https://panasonic.jp/life/housework/100038.html
	Comments:	This is one of severals terms specific to fluorescent and LED light sources - already in the database: 昼光色 (daylight coour)

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jmdict 2867479 Active (id: 2349611)
昼白色
【ちゅうはくしょく】

1.

[n]
▶ cool white colour

History:

4.	A 2025-10-18 17:41:42 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	KOD: ちゅうはくしょく【昼白色】
3.	A* 2025-10-18 17:37:36
	Diff:	@@ -8 +8 @@ -<reb>ちょうはくしょく</reb> +<reb>ちゅうはくしょく</reb>
2.	A 2025-10-11 01:00:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	KOD
1.	A* 2025-10-09 05:16:29 Hendrik
	Refs:	https://panasonic.jp/life/housework/100038.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_temperature
	Comments:	This is one of severals terms specific to fluorescent and LED light sources - already in the database: 昼光色 (daylight colour)

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jmdict 2867484 Active (id: 2349212)
サントン酸
【サントンさん】

1.

[n] {chemistry}
▶ santonic acid

History:

2.	A 2025-10-11 01:02:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Rather new.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<field>&chem;</field>
1.	A* 2025-10-09 06:24:55
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/サントン酸

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jmdict 2867486 Active (id: 2349214)
樟脳酸
【しょうのうさん】

1.

[n] {chemistry}
▶ camphoric acid

History:

2.	A 2025-10-11 01:04:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2025-10-09 07:15:20
	Refs:	研究社　新和英大辞典　第５版

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jmdict 2867494 Active (id: 2349223)
総総分離
【そうそうぶんり】

1.

[n] {politics}
▶ view that the LDP President and the Prime Minister should be different people

History:

3.	A 2025-10-11 02:38:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	KOD: the view that the positions of Liberal Democratic Party President and Prime Minister should be occupied by different people. 総総分離 204
	Comments:	I think it's an LDP thing.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>separation between the party leader and the prime minister</gloss> +<field>&politics;</field> +<gloss>view that the LDP President and the Prime Minister should be different people</gloss>
2.	A* 2025-10-10 17:57:06 Sean McBroom <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASTB23CL9TB2UTFK01DM.html
	Comments:	Seems to be a term coined for the 10 day period the prime minister is separated from their party.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>the state where the position of prime minister is not held by the president of the Liberal Democratic Party</gloss> +<gloss>separation between the party leader and the prime minister</gloss>
1.	A* 2025-10-10 14:14:32 Graham Leonard <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/96d326a5a400d7726b43298470d3146fba12914e
	Comments:	This has been in the news lately with the increasing possibility that Takaichi will not become prime minister, but searching on Google Books shows that it has been around for a while.

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jmdict 2867495 Active (id: 2349233)

シネオール

1.

[n] {chemistry}
▶ cineole

History:

2.	A 2025-10-11 11:00:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2025-10-11 07:11:23
	Refs:	研究社新和英大辞典第５版; 理化学辞典第５版; 最新医学大辞典第２版; 学研パーソナル和英辞典

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jmdict 2867496 Deleted (id: 2349643)
二会場
【にかいじょう】

1.

[n]
▶ Colloquial
▶ Second meeting place (after an initial gathering)
▶ Afterparty

History:

3.	D 2025-10-19 07:27:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Seems mostly 二+会場.
2.	A* 2025-10-11 11:23:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	第二会場 11752 二会場 14753
	Comments:	MUST provide references,
1.	A* 2025-10-11 10:00:03 Jacob Fogel <...address hidden...>

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jmdict 2867497 Active (id: 2350055)
観光過剰
【かんこうかじょう】

1.

[n]
▶ overtourism

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2867498 過剰観光【かじょうかんこう】 1. overtourism

History:

2.	A 2025-10-27 04:22:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I guess so. A bit obvious and not in the ngrams or references.
1.	A* 2025-10-11 12:15:31 Hendrik
	Refs:	https://unwto-ap.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/overtourism_Ex_Summary_low-2.pdf https://www.ntt.com/bizon/overtourism.html also personal communication during a tourism management seminar
	Comments:	Also used as phrasal term 過剰な観光 (should I make that a new entry?) https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOCD223SD0S4A420C2000000/ https://ashita.biglobe.co.jp/entry/social-good/over-tourism https://tbs-mri.com/n/n74f42cea597e https://forbesjapan.com/articles/detail/79107

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jmdict 2867498 Active (id: 2350056)
過剰観光
【かじょうかんこう】

1.

[n]
▶ overtourism

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2867497 観光過剰 1. overtourism

History:

4.	A 2025-10-27 04:23:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I guess so. A bit obvious and not in the ngrams or references.
3.	A* 2025-10-18 16:09:05 Hendrik
	Comments:	Sorry, the fix does not seem to work. Xref should be to 2349235
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<xref type="see">観光過剰・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2867497">観光過剰</xref>
2.	A* 2025-10-18 16:06:37 Hendrik
	Comments:	fixed the broken xref
1.	A* 2025-10-11 12:19:29 Hendrik
	Refs:	https://forbesjapan.com/articles/detail/79107 also personal communication in the context of a tourism management seminar

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jmdict 2867499 Active (id: 2349260)
放置子
【ほうちご】

1.

[n]
▶ child left to their own devices (i.e. by neglectful parents)
▶ child allowed to run free

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1516780 放置 1. leaving as is; leaving alone; leaving unattended; neglecting; abandoning

History:

2.	A 2025-10-11 21:06:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Possibly [col].
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1516780">放置</xref>
1.	A* 2025-10-11 13:20:31
	Refs:	https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1185254191 https://www.kobe-np.co.jp/news/sougou/201912/sp/0012956886.shtml 親にほったらかしにされている子どもが「放置子（ほうちご）」と呼ばれ、波紋を広げている。

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jmdict 2867500 Active (id: 2349259)
孟買 [ateji,rK]
【ボンベイ】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ Bombay (old name for Mumbai)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2839607 ムンバイ 1. Mumbai (India)

History:

3.	A 2025-10-11 21:03:14 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +15 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
2.	A 2025-10-11 21:02:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2025-10-11 13:56:23
	Refs:	gg5, koj, daijr/s, nikk 孟買 219 0.4% ボンベイ 56871 99.6%

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jmnedict 5564506 Active (id: 2349257)
道央
【どうおう】

1.	[place] ▶ Western and South-Central Hokkaidō
2.	[surname] ▶ Dōou

History:

3.	A 2025-10-11 21:00:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2025-10-11 14:01:23 Hendrik
	Refs:	https://hokkaidodo.jp/area-division/area-division02/ https://www.visit-hokkaido.jp/asset/access/hokkaido_access_map02.pdf https://7cascades.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-709.html https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/道央
	Comments:	Strictly speaking, the most appropriate definition of 道央 would be "the portion of Hokkaidō that is not 道北 or 道東 or 道南"
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,3 @@ +<gloss>Western and South-Central Hokkaidō</gloss> +</sense> +<sense>
1.	A 2021-07-21 08:59:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	道 Dou to Dō conversion -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>Douou</gloss> +<gloss>Dōou</gloss>

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jmnedict 5565238 Active (id: 2349271)
道南
【どうなん】

1.

[place]
▶ Southern Hokkaidō
▶ Dōnan

History:

5.	A 2025-10-12 05:31:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Thanks
4.	A* 2025-10-12 03:01:32 Sean McBroom <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	There's a typo
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>Southern Hokkadō</gloss> +<gloss>Southern Hokkaidō</gloss>
3.	A 2025-10-11 20:59:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2025-10-11 13:48:15 Hendrik
	Refs:	https://uu-hokkaido.jp/marukita/south.shtml http://hokkaido-dounankai.com/ https://www.jrhokkaido.co.jp/travel/area/donan/index.html https://www.visit-hokkaido.jp/asset/access/hokkaido_access_map02.pdf https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/道南
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<gloss>Southern Hokkadō</gloss>
1.	A 2021-07-21 09:00:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	道 Dou to Dō conversion -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>Dounan</gloss> +<gloss>Dōnan</gloss>

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jmnedict 5565344 Active (id: 2349255)
道北
【どうほく】

1.	[place] ▶ Northern Hokkaidō
2.	[surname] ▶ Dōhoku

History:

3.	A 2025-10-11 20:59:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2025-10-11 13:45:10 Hendrik
	Refs:	https://www.hankyu-travel.com/guide/hokkaido/north.php https://www.jrhokkaido.co.jp/travel/area/dohoku/index.html https://www.kuraso-hokkaido.com/area/douhoku.html https://www.visit-hokkaido.jp/asset/access/hokkaido_access_map02.pdf https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/道北
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,3 @@ +<gloss>Northern Hokkaidō</gloss> +</sense> +<sense>
1.	A 2021-07-21 09:00:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	道 Dou to Dō conversion -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>Douhoku</gloss> +<gloss>Dōhoku</gloss>

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jmnedict 5747428 Active (id: 2349254)
兼戈
【かねたけ】

1.

[given]
▶ Kanetake

History:

2.	A 2025-10-11 20:56:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2025-10-11 13:21:33 matsugase <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/小松清廉

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17.	A 2025-10-11 06:42:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	As I wrote some years back I'm not sure 西蔵 is read as チベット, any more than 濠洲 is read as オーストラリア.
16.	A* 2025-10-11 04:09:12 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Kanjipedia has this kanji form in their special reading / ateji brackets: 〈西蔵〉チベット https://www.kanjipedia.jp/kotoba/0003854100
	Comments:	I think putting the rare form in a note makes it more prominent than it needs to be.
	Diff:	@@ -6 +6 @@ -<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -14 +14 @@ -<s_inf>also written as 西蔵</s_inf> +<misc>&uk;</misc>
15.	A* 2025-10-11 03:39:40
	Comments:	note
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,4 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>西蔵</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele>
14.	A 2020-12-13 11:55:11 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	closing this I will look more into these notes and then start a thread on the mail list
13.	A* 2020-12-13 06:32:15 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I just checked. We are a bit inconsistent. "also written as XXX" and "also written XXX" are common, but there are some "also XXX". There are 172 comments like this (comments that begin with "also") so cleaning up would not be too much work.
(show/hide 12 older log entries)
12.	A* 2020-12-13 06:18:16 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	our usual style is "also written as ..." or "also read as ..." having a tag for this, as Marcus suggests, would be useful for app and website developers
	Diff:	@@ -10 +10 @@ -<s_inf>also 西蔵</s_inf> +<s_inf>also written as 西蔵</s_inf>
11.	A* 2020-12-13 04:29:17 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't mind the split. Having せいぞう come before チベット seems obviously not a great idea. Should the note be "also written as..." rather than just "also..."? (one way to standardize this better across entries could be to have a <s_inf inf_type="alsowrittenas">西蔵</s_inf> type of thing. in shorthand, [awa="西蔵"])
10.	A* 2020-12-13 03:52:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9.	A 2020-12-13 03:52:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	We had a long argument about this is 2012 and eventually I gave in. I'd prefer them split. and the "UK" point is a good one, as the frequency stage certainly only applies to チベット. Daijr/s have "「西蔵」とも書く" on their チベット entries. I'll approve this and reopen it, as otherwise the xrefs may get scrambled.
	Diff:	@@ -4,10 +3,0 @@ -<k_ele> -<keb>西蔵</keb> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>西藏</keb> -<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf> -</k_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>せいぞう</reb> -</r_ele> @@ -20 +10 @@ -<misc>&uk;</misc> +<s_inf>also 西蔵</s_inf>
8.	A* 2020-12-12 16:22:48 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	チベット is [uk] I suspect that せいぞう isn't (why would it?) That could be a formal justification for splitting
7.	A* 2020-12-12 12:25:37 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr/s, koj
	Comments:	Given that no one calls Tibet "せいぞう" any more, I think せいぞう should be a separate entry. It looks odd having せいぞう as the main reading.
	Diff:	@@ -4,0 +5,3 @@ +<keb>西蔵</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> @@ -5,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
6.	A 2012-04-28 01:00:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK, I yield.
5.	A* 2012-04-27 15:46:03 Marcus
	Comments:	both daijr and daijs add "〔「西蔵」とも書く〕" at the bottom of their entries for チベット, without even providing the alternative reading せいぞう
4.	A* 2012-04-27 09:47:51 Marcus
	Refs:	"一方、日本語では戦前から長く西蔵とチベットはほとんど同義であるかのようにして用いられてきており[3]、「チベット自治区」と「西蔵自治区（チベットじちく、シーツァンじちく、などの読みが見られる）」という二つの呼称が平行して使用されてきた。" http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/チベッ�% 83�自治区 lots of discussion about it here, too: http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:チベ� ��ト自治区/投�%A 8 "日本では、「西蔵」と書いて「チベット」と読みをふる習慣が、明治の末にチベット入りした河口慧海以来行われており、日本のチベット学の専門家たちが組織する学会が、「日本西藏学会（にほん-ちべっと-がっかい）」などと名乗っています" "（なお、世界最大の漢和辞典といってよい諸橋轍次『大漢和辞典』（刊行は1955 年から1960年にかけて）では、西蔵をチベットと音訳するのは「甚だ妙なこと」であり、「英漢両用の変則呼称」であると違和感を表明している）"
3.	A* 2012-04-27 08:34:26 Marcus
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/西蔵 "日本の多田等観(1890-1967)は、西蔵を「チベット」と読み、アムドやカムの全域をふくむ全チベットの総称として使用している。以下、多田等観「西蔵事情」（多田明子・山口瑞鳳編『多田等観:チベット大蔵経にかけた生涯』春秋社、2005年8月、pp.217- 355）より引用。"
	Comments:	I think you may be right though.
2.	A* 2012-04-27 08:21:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	But none of that says that 西藏 is read "チベット", and I don't think it is. This is a bit like trying to add 濠洲 to the オーストラリア entry. 西藏/せいぞう should be in its own entry with xrefs.
1.	A* 2012-04-27 07:56:50 Marcus
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/チベッ� � "日本では明治期から昭和中期にかけて、中華民国や中国国外の華僑等の間では近年、 Tibetの訳語として「西蔵」を用いる例がある（→西蔵、西蔵地方参照）。"
	Diff:	@@ -4,0 +4,6 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>西藏</keb> +</k_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>せいぞう</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -10,0 +16,1 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>

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