JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 1110520 Active (id: 2308635)

フォグライト；フォグ・ライト；フォッグライト [sk]

1.

[n]
▶ fog light
▶ fog lamp

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2468680 フォグランプ 1. fog lamp; fog light

History:

2.	A 2024-08-13 00:40:23 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	フォグランプ 107,925
	Comments:	Daijs and smk have フォッグライト.
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2468680">フォグランプ</xref> @@ -16,0 +18 @@ +<gloss>fog lamp</gloss>
1.	A* 2024-08-12 23:55:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	フォグライト 6669 <- GG5, etc. フォッグライト 0 GG5 has フォグ・ライト.
	Diff:	@@ -4,0 +5,6 @@ +<reb>フォグライト</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>フォグ・ライト</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> @@ -5,0 +12 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>

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jmdict 1326030 Active (id: 2308654)
主日
【しゅじつ】

1.

[n] {Christianity}
▶ the Sabbath
▶ the Lord's Day

History:

2.	A 2024-08-13 06:02:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2024-08-13 05:41:43
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<field>&Christn;</field>

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jmdict 1515130 Active (id: 2308675)
母性 [news1,nf21]
【ぼせい [news1,nf21] 】

1.

[n]
▶ motherhood
▶ maternity

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 1690740 父性 1. paternity; fatherhood

History:

3.	A 2024-08-13 19:13:51 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -16 +15,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
2.	A 2024-08-12 11:29:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2024-08-12 06:51:54 GM <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	デジタル大辞泉
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17,2 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1690740">父性</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1690740">父性</xref>

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jmdict 1541400 Active (id: 2308680)
有神論
【ゆうしんろん】

1.

[n]
▶ theism

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2177500 人格神論【じんかくしんろん】 1. theism (as refers to the existence of a personal Christian god)

History:

2.	A 2024-08-13 21:15:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2024-08-13 18:29:25 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think "theism" is sufficient.
	Diff:	@@ -13 +12,0 @@ -<gloss>belief in existence of a god or gods</gloss>

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jmdict 1628500 Active (id: 2308868)

です [spec1]

1.

[cop,aux-v] [pol]
▶ be
▶ is

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 2089020 だ 1. be; is
	⇐ see: 2269410 っす 1. be; is
	⇐ see: 2831493 でっせ 1. I assure you it is
	⇐ see: 2837096 でちゅ 1. be; is
	⇐ see: 2255600 であります 1. be; is

Conjugations

History:

12.	A 2024-08-16 07:10:41 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK, we'll leave it.
11.	A* 2024-08-13 06:39:29 Non
	Comments:	Well, what I proposed was somewhat of an in-between; it did not go on to list every nuance but instead split both into two groups: those that work grammatically as a copula, and those that do not. However, the new sense was in part based on the meaning as it does not work as a copula in its meaning either. In any case, I myself am not entirely sure it is needed, I proposed it as I considered that trying to reconcile "それがだ" with the notion of 'being' could be confusing, and that the additional sense would immediately dispel any doubts.
10.	A* 2024-08-13 00:41:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	This proposed edit brings up the issue of what the approach should be for these sorts of entries. Do we basically state what the Japanese terms mean, or do we go into the intricacies of their function in Japanese grammar? For です/だ: - GG5 and other JEs take the simple approach, glossing them as "be" and with examples using "is". - Daijirin has a long introductory explanation beginning with "丁寧の意をもつ断定の助動詞。" and then goes on to six senses. I favour the simpler approach as in most JEs. I propose switching back to the previous single gloss. I'm comfortable with "aux-v". I take a similar position with the だ entry.
	Diff:	@@ -16,6 +15,0 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&prt;</pos> -<misc>&pol;</misc> -<s_inf>from [1] used as an interjectory particle</s_inf> -<gloss>adds emphasis</gloss>
9.	A* 2024-08-07 08:01:09 Non
	Refs:	daijr: 【（６）終止形は間投助詞的にも用いられる。助詞「ね」「な」などを伴って用いることが多い。「これが〈です〉ね，いろいろ複雑で〈です〉ね，わからなくなることがよくあります」】
	Comments:	Proposing changes in accordance with those I have presented over on the だ entry. Adding [aux-v] tag for the same reasons: inflects, is classified as 助動詞 by the daij's, koj and meikyo, and descends from a verb.
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10 @@ +<pos>&aux-v;</pos> @@ -14,0 +16,6 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&prt;</pos> +<misc>&pol;</misc> +<s_inf>from [1] used as an interjectory particle</s_inf> +<gloss>adds emphasis</gloss>
8.	A 2021-10-18 21:02:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	If だ can be tagged "cop" then this can. I'm not a fan of regarding either as a copula; it's not Latin.
	Diff:	@@ -9 +9 @@ -<pos>&exp;</pos> +<pos>&cop;</pos> @@ -12 +11,0 @@ -<s_inf>polite copula</s_inf>
(show/hide 7 older log entries)
7.	A* 2021-10-17 23:46:02 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Can't we use "cop" for the PoS here? I don't think the fact that it's a polite form makes it any less of a copula. I don't think the であります x-ref is needed.
	Diff:	@@ -11 +10,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2255600">であります</xref>
6.	A 2016-10-22 11:02:27 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	restoring lost xref
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +11 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2255600">であります</xref>
5.	A 2016-10-22 10:58:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2016-10-22 10:54:43 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	we usually treat polite forms of verbs as [exp]
	Diff:	@@ -9 +9 @@ -<pos>&aux;</pos> +<pos>&exp;</pos> @@ -11 +11 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1008340">である</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2255600">であります</xref>
3.	A 2012-04-07 23:56:33 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Accepting, but see comments on だ.
2.	A* 2012-04-07 22:46:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, ルミナス
	Comments:	See comments on だ (2089020)
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +13,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1008340">である</xref> @@ -15,1 +16,2 @@ -<gloss>to be</gloss> +<gloss>be</gloss> +<gloss>is</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-04-07 21:05:33 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Comments:	providing an actual translation, synching with recommended amendment to だ
	Diff:	@@ -13,1 +13,2 @@ -<gloss>polite copula in Japanese</gloss> +<s_inf>polite copula</s_inf> +<gloss>to be</gloss>

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jmdict 1647970 Active (id: 2308655)
御名；み名 [sK]
【みな】

1.

[n] {Christianity}
▶ God's name
▶ Christ's name

History:

2.	A 2024-08-13 06:02:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2024-08-13 05:41:26
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/大罪御名 87461 95.6% み名 4058 4.4%
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>み名</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -12,2 +16,3 @@ -<gloss>name of God (esp. in Christian contexts)</gloss> -<gloss>name of Christ</gloss> +<field>&Christn;</field> +<gloss>God's name</gloss> +<gloss>Christ's name</gloss>

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jmdict 1690740 Active (id: 2308676)
父性
【ふせい】

1.

[n]
▶ paternity
▶ fatherhood

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 1515130 母性 1. motherhood; maternity

History:

3.	A 2024-08-13 19:14:49 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12 +11,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
2.	A 2024-08-12 11:30:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	中辞典
	Comments:	Aligning.
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +15 @@ +<gloss>fatherhood</gloss>
1.	A* 2024-08-12 06:50:43 GM <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	デジタル大辞泉
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1515130">母性</xref>

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jmdict 1729510 Active (id: 2308682)
認識論
【にんしきろん】

1.

[n] {philosophy}
▶ epistemology

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2862183 知識論【ちしきろん】 1. epistemology

History:

1.	A 2024-08-13 21:30:13 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<field>&phil;</field>

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jmdict 1777790 Active (id: 2308647)
脊髄神経
【せきずいしんけい】

1.

[n] {anatomy}
▶ spinal nerves

History:

2.	A 2024-08-13 01:57:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	GG5 and 中辞典 both have "nerves".
1.	A* 2024-08-13 01:09:48
	Comments:	(I'm) uncertain if this gloss should actually be plural. Just thought I'd mention that.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<field>&anat;</field>

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jmdict 1800740 Active (id: 2308659)
聖体
【せいたい】

1.

[n]
▶ the emperor's person

2.

[n] {Christianity}
▶ the body of Christ
▶ the Host
▶ the Eucharist
▶ Holy Communion

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2858157 聖体祭【せいたいさい】 1. Feast of Corpus Christi

History:

2.	A 2024-08-13 06:04:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2024-08-13 05:39:54
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<field>&Christn;</field>

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jmdict 1994190 Active (id: 2308672)
資金洗浄
【しきんせんじょう】

1.

[n]
▶ money laundering

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1958150 マネーロンダリング 1. money laundering

History:

3.	A 2024-08-13 14:30:34 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Not tagged as [vs] in daijr/s, smk, sankoku, meikyo Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーー─┬────────╮ │ 資金洗浄　　 │ 25,737 │ │ 資金洗浄する │ 88 │ │ 資金洗浄した │ 93 │ │ 資金洗浄して │ 76 │ ╰─ーーーーーー─┴────────╯
	Diff:	@@ -12 +11,0 @@ -<pos>&vs;</pos>
2.	A 2024-08-13 06:03:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2024-08-13 05:42:02 GM <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	資金洗浄　　　　　　25,737 マネーロンダリング　56,761 デジタル大辞泉
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1958150">マネーロンダリング</xref>

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jmdict 2089020 Active (id: 2308869)

だ [spec1]

1.

[aux-v,cop]
《plain copula》
▶ be
▶ is

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 1008340 である 1. be; is
	⇔ see: 1628500 です 1. be; is
	⇐ see: 1007400 だったら 1. if it's the case
	⇐ see: 2820000 ちゃうか 1. isn't it?
	⇐ see: 2028960 や 3. be; is
	⇐ see: 2765070 ニダ 1. be; is
	⇐ see: 2819970 だった 1. was; were
	⇐ see: 2851029 じゃ 1. be; is

Conjugations

History:

18.	A 2024-08-16 07:11:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Closing, as with です.
17.	A* 2024-08-13 00:52:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I agree about senses 2 and 3, and have set up that proposed change. I don't think that sense 4 is needed/appropriate. See comments on the です (1628500) entry.
	Diff:	@@ -18,21 +17,0 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&aux-v;</pos> -<xref type="see" seq="2654250">た・1</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="2654250">た・1</xref> -<s_inf>た after certain verb forms; indicates past or completed action</s_inf> -<gloss>did</gloss> -<gloss>(have) done</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&aux-v;</pos> -<xref type="see" seq="2654250">た・2</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="2654250">た・2</xref> -<s_inf>indicates light imperative</s_inf> -<gloss>please</gloss> -<gloss>do</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&prt;</pos> -<s_inf>from [1] used as an interjectory particle</s_inf> -<gloss>adds emphasis</gloss>
16.	A* 2024-08-07 07:46:18 Non
	Refs:	daijr, daijs, koj, meikyo
	Comments:	Could we add だ as a reading to 2654250(past た) and trim [2] and [3] from this entry? They are completely different from [1] in everything from etymology to grammar to meaning. Added the [aux-v] tag to [1] as all 4 kokugos above classify it as a 助動詞, it descends from a verb, and it is inflectable. Added new sense from 『（６）終止形は間投助詞的にも用いられる。この場合，助詞「な」「ね」を伴って用いることもある。「われわれは〈だ〉，もっと慎重に〈だ〉，行動すべきなのだ」」』; as it no longer functions as a copula and is never inflected, I tagged is as [prt], but [exp] would probably do as well.
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<pos>&aux-v;</pos> @@ -28,0 +30,5 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&prt;</pos> +<s_inf>from [1] used as an interjectory particle</s_inf> +<gloss>adds emphasis</gloss>
15.	A 2020-08-24 07:03:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
14.	A* 2020-08-21 15:47:46 dine <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	align with 2654250
	Diff:	@@ -20,2 +20,2 @@ -<gloss>has</gloss> -<gloss>have</gloss> +<gloss>did</gloss> +<gloss>(have) done</gloss>
(show/hide 13 older log entries)
13.	A 2020-01-28 11:26:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think it's indicating a question; it's more of an abbreviation of ですか. (We wouldn't split an entry like this.)
12.	A* 2020-01-28 02:28:30
	Comments:	I might be wrong but is だ sometimes used to indicate a question？ see phrases like だれだ？どこだ？ I see the argument that these are just examples sense 1, "be, is" but I'm not really sure that's the case. Not for example how だ can not be followed by か (while verbs, na-adjectives, i-adjectives, nouns, can all come before a "か") e.g. X だれだか？X どこだか？ on the other hand X お前だ？ doesn't work as a question. so if it's a "question particle", it's only with interrogatives. Btw shouldn't senses 2 & 3 be a separate entry, maybe together with た?
11.	A 2018-04-17 05:10:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
10.	A* 2018-04-05 08:00:26 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -19,2 +19,3 @@ -<s_inf>た after certain verb forms</s_inf> -<gloss>indicates past or completed action</gloss> +<s_inf>た after certain verb forms; indicates past or completed action</s_inf> +<gloss>has</gloss> +<gloss>have</gloss> @@ -25 +26,3 @@ -<gloss>indicates light imperative</gloss> +<s_inf>indicates light imperative</s_inf> +<gloss>please</gloss> +<gloss>do</gloss>
9.	A 2014-08-23 23:37:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Changing POS as per discussion.
	Diff:	@@ -9 +9 @@ -<pos>&aux;</pos> +<pos>&cop-da;</pos>
8.	A 2012-09-25 08:40:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Yes, you are seeing a flaw in WWWJDIC as it can't focus xrefs very well. I should try and work in a way of making them more exact. If I ever get the time....
7.	A* 2012-09-23 21:14:58 Francis
	Comments:	No change to the above, but when I search for "だった" nothing comes up, save that the following is on display:- だったら (conj) (See だ・1) if it's the case; (P) As a passing interest, if I click on "だ" in the above, I get back to the main headword above, which is OK. As a matter of concern, if I click on "た" [both] in the main entry above, I get referred to:- 誰【だれ(P); たれ(ok); た(ok)】 (pn,adj-no) who; (P) [At least, it is a concern if my thinking is that I should have been referred to something which told me about the past tense of verbs.] If, of course, I search down the page, I do find the following:- た (aux-v) (1) (だ after certain verb forms) (See だ・2) indicate past completed or action; (2) (See だ・3) indicates light imperative However, when one clicks a link I think that the link should be the first on display without more searching. What I am suggesting is that there should be an entry for "だった" with a link to the main entry above. However, as another point, in the main entry above there is no "[V]" link for conjugating so even if I thought that "だった" may be the past for "だ", I would not get confirmation from that link. I have seen the comments between yourself and Rene about what is a verb or not, but I don't think I should go there in this context. Well, having taken your time to read the above, I hope that I am correct about "だった" and my other comments.
6.	A 2012-04-07 23:56:04 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Okay. But I think users may be confused why all verbs use 'to' except for です/だ. (I'm not really clear on why we'd draw the distinction myself. GG5, of course, does not use "to ..." for any of its verbs.)
5.	A* 2012-04-07 22:44:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, ルミナス
	Comments:	Minor change; removing the "to", which makes it more like the JEs. "to be" sort-of implies it can be conjugated, which I suppose it can in a way. I have good friends who are far more learned in Japanese than I will ever be, who will not accept that です or だ are verbs or even copulas (a Latinate grammatical concept.) I think having a translation is better than what was there before.
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +10,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1008340">である</xref> @@ -13,1 +14,2 @@ -<gloss>to be</gloss> +<gloss>be</gloss> +<gloss>is</gloss>
4.	A* 2012-04-07 21:04:54 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Comments:	providing an actual translation
	Diff:	@@ -11,1 +11,2 @@ -<gloss>plain copula</gloss> +<s_inf>plain copula</s_inf> +<gloss>to be</gloss>
3.	A 2011-08-24 17:51:03 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2011-08-24 10:42:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Aligning with 2654250.
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +13,19 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&aux-v;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="2654250">た・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2654250">た・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2654250">た・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2654250">た・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2654250">た・1</xref> +<s_inf>た after certain verb forms</s_inf> +<gloss>indicates past or completed action</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&aux-v;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="2654250">た・2</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2654250">た・2</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2654250">た・2</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2654250">た・2</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2654250">た・2</xref> +<gloss>indicates light imperative</gloss> +</sense>
1.	A 2006-07-09 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2207530 Rejected (id: 2308690)
とっくの昔；疾っくの昔 [rK]
【とっくのむかし】

1.

[exp,n]
▶ a long, long time ago

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2207510 とうの昔【とうのむかし】 1. a long time ago; long ago

History:

7.	R 2024-08-14 00:03:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Fork. I'll move this to the other thread.
6.	A* 2024-08-13 21:15:50
	Comments:	more emphatic gloss is better, methinks
	Diff:	@@ -17,3 +17 @@ -<s_inf>more emphatic than とっく</s_inf> -<gloss>a long time ago</gloss> -<gloss>long ago</gloss> +<gloss>a long, long time ago</gloss>
5.	A* 2024-08-13 12:30:39 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	- should it be "more emphatic than とく"? - not sure the note is needed anyway.
4.	A* 2024-08-13 12:05:27 GM <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	大辞林, 明鏡国語辞典
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17 @@ +<s_inf>more emphatic than とっく</s_inf>
3.	A 2022-02-09 11:09:14 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	とっくの昔 100952 疾っくの昔 57
	Comments:	Aligning.
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -16 +16,0 @@ -<pos>&adv;</pos> @@ -17,0 +18 @@ +<gloss>long ago</gloss>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A 2021-03-28 05:53:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Bulk update: Replace n-t with n,adv -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15,2 @@ -<pos>&n-t;</pos> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&adv;</pos>
1.	A 2007-10-06 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2207530 Active (id: 2308691)
とっくの昔；疾っくの昔 [rK]
【とっくのむかし】

1.

[exp,n]
▶ a long, long time ago
▶ very long ago

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2207510 とうの昔【とうのむかし】 1. a long time ago; long ago
	⇐ see: 2207540 とくの昔【とくのむかし】 1. a long time ago; long ago

History:

7.	A 2024-08-14 00:05:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Suggested in a fork. Seems to work.
	Diff:	@@ -17,3 +17,2 @@ -<s_inf>more emphatic than とっく</s_inf> -<gloss>a long time ago</gloss> -<gloss>long ago</gloss> +<gloss>a long, long time ago</gloss> +<gloss>very long ago</gloss>
6.	A* 2024-08-13 13:14:20 GM <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	三省堂国語辞典: 「ずっと前」の大げさな言い方。大辞林: 〔「とっく」を強調していう語〕明鏡国語辞典: ◇「とっく（に）」を強調した言い方。
	Comments:	I added it because I saw multiple kokugos mention it. we could align and add "more emphatic than とく" to the とくの昔 entry. I'm fine with dropping the note too if you think we don't need it.
5.	A* 2024-08-13 12:30:39 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	- should it be "more emphatic than とく"? - not sure the note is needed anyway.
4.	A* 2024-08-13 12:05:27 GM <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	大辞林, 明鏡国語辞典
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17 @@ +<s_inf>more emphatic than とっく</s_inf>
3.	A 2022-02-09 11:09:14 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	とっくの昔 100952 疾っくの昔 57
	Comments:	Aligning.
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -16 +16,0 @@ -<pos>&adv;</pos> @@ -17,0 +18 @@ +<gloss>long ago</gloss>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A 2021-03-28 05:53:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Bulk update: Replace n-t with n,adv -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15,2 @@ -<pos>&n-t;</pos> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&adv;</pos>
1.	A 2007-10-06 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2291140 Active (id: 2308669)

カスタムプラグイン；カスタム・プラグイン

1.

[n] {computing}
▶ custom plug-in

History:

5.	A 2024-08-13 12:27:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2024-08-13 11:27:42
	Refs:	カスタムプラグイン 11032 99.3% カスタム・プラグイン 74 0.7% カスタム・プラグ・イン 0 0.0%
	Diff:	@@ -9,3 +8,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>カスタム・プラグ・イン</reb>
3.	A 2013-05-11 07:05:09 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update. -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +10,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>カスタム・プラグ・イン</reb> +</r_ele>
2.	A 2013-05-11 07:05:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update. -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>カスタム・プラグイン</reb>
1.	A 2008-05-24 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2436190 Active (id: 2308667)
回し蹴り；廻し蹴り
【まわしげり】

1.

[n] {martial arts}
▶ roundhouse kick
▶ turning kick

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2849647 後ろ回し蹴り【うしろまわしげり】 1. spin kick

History:

3.	A 2024-08-13 12:24:12 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2024-08-13 11:50:50 GM <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	回し蹴り 71,668 廻し蹴り 15,098
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>廻し蹴り</keb>
1.	A 2009-04-10 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2468680 Active (id: 2308634)

フォグランプ；フォグ・ランプ；フォッグランプ [sk]

1.

[n]
▶ fog lamp
▶ fog light

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1110520 フォグライト 1. fog light; fog lamp

History:

5.	A 2024-08-13 00:36:40 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, luminous, wisdom
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17 @@ +<gloss>fog light</gloss>
4.	A 2024-08-10 21:04:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2024-08-10 16:39:26 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ フォグランプ　 │ 107,925 │ 98.1% │ │ フォッグランプ │ 348 │ 0.3% │ - add, sk (daijr/s; merge from entry 1110530) │ フォグ・ランプ │ 1,697 │ 1.5% │ ╰─ーーーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,4 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>フォッグランプ</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
2.	A 2013-05-11 10:26:41 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update. -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>フォグ・ランプ</reb>
1.	A 2009-07-17 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2480440 Active (id: 2308656)

カテキズム

1.

[n] {Christianity}
▶ catechism

History:

3.	A 2024-08-13 06:03:05 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2024-08-13 05:38:39
	Refs:	daijs
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<field>&Christn;</field>
1.	A 2009-07-17 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2654250 Active (id: 2308911)

た；だ

1.

[aux-v]
《だ after certain verb forms; indicates past or completed action》
▶ did
▶ (have) done

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2843516 し 1. did; (have) done
	⇐ see: 2861005 き 1. did; (have) done

2.

[aux-v]
《indicates mild imperative》
▶ (please) do

History:

17.	A 2024-08-17 05:01:36 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
16.	A* 2024-08-17 04:14:53 Non
	Comments:	Corrected minor grammatical error on the note.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<s_inf>だ after certain verb forms; indicate past or completed action</s_inf> +<s_inf>だ after certain verb forms; indicates past or completed action</s_inf>
15.	A 2024-08-16 07:12:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	No comments. Closing. As it happens no sentence index changes are needed.
14.	A* 2024-08-13 00:49:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Implementing the suggestion made in entry 2089020 (だ). The note on sense #1 is probably not needed. If this is approaved I'll probably have to reindex a lot of sentences.
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>だ</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -9,2 +11,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2089020">だ・2</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="2089020">だ・2</xref> @@ -17,2 +17,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2089020">だ・3</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="2089020">だ・3</xref>
13.	A 2018-06-13 03:41:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I do too. At the worst they are harmless.
(show/hide 12 older log entries)
12.	A* 2018-06-11 16:18:57 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	we have been pretty consistent about trying to follow kokugos (and japanese handbooks of grammar for english speakers) in including entries for parts of speech like this. i strongly think they should all be kept.
11.	A* 2018-06-11 10:32:47 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	For the record, I don't really think this should be an entry. Not sure if the glosses are helpful or not but maybe this is good enough for now (at least until the issue on how to handle glossless entries is resolved)
	Diff:	@@ -10,2 +10,3 @@ -<s_inf>だ after certain verb forms</s_inf> -<gloss>indicate past or completed action</gloss> +<s_inf>だ after certain verb forms; indicate past or completed action</s_inf> +<gloss>did</gloss> +<gloss>(have) done</gloss> @@ -16 +17,2 @@ -<gloss>indicates light imperative</gloss> +<s_inf>indicates mild imperative</s_inf> +<gloss>(please) do</gloss>
10.	A 2017-06-12 11:21:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	6-yo typo!
9.	A* 2017-06-11 22:52:58
	Comments:	Fixing typo. This should be exactly the same as 2089020・だ [2], right?
	Diff:	@@ -11 +11 @@ -<gloss>indicate past completed or action</gloss> +<gloss>indicate past or completed action</gloss>
8.	A 2011-08-24 17:51:59 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +9,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2089020">だ・2</xref> @@ -14,0 +15,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2089020">だ・3</xref>
7.	A 2011-08-24 17:51:27 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2011-08-24 10:46:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK. I think this may work. Once 2089020's addition is approved, the senses here can be cross-referenced to it.
	Diff:	@@ -10,1 +10,1 @@ -<gloss>used to indicate past action for the speaker</gloss> +<gloss>indicate past completed or action</gloss> @@ -14,9 +14,1 @@ -<gloss>used to indicate completed action for the speaker</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&aux-v;</pos> -<gloss>used to indicate soft subjunctive situation</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&aux-v;</pos> -<gloss>used to indicate light imperative</gloss> +<gloss>indicates light imperative</gloss>
5.	A* 2011-08-22 02:03:26 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	also, i'm okay with having だ as just a note in the entry for た (and で as just a note in the entry for て). but we've already merged で from 急いで with the copula form of で, so to be consistent the だ from 急いだ should be merged with the copula form of だ
4.	A* 2011-08-22 02:00:21 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	i don't know what "soft subjunctive situation" means. senses 1 and 2 can surely be combined. i can vouch for sense 4. it's what is meant when someone says "ちょっと待った" to you. i think it may be slightly old-mannish or parentish, but i'm not sure
3.	A* 2011-08-22 01:23:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I'm ok with a た entry like this. I think it needs to be replicated as another sense/senses of the だ entry. Do we need all 4 senses? I'm inclined just to have "indicates past or completed action". Sense 3 (according to the Wiki page) seems to be more for たら, which is already an entry. Dunno about sense 4 - never heard of it. I know of て/で being an imperative.
2.	A* 2011-08-19 20:07:48 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	i'm not vetting this entry (no time now), just reminding myself and Jim that だ needs to be merged in
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +9,1 @@ +<s_inf>だ after certain verb forms</s_inf>
1.	A* 2011-08-19 17:20:11 Osamu Aoki <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/た under 助動詞 xref だ [aux-v]
	Comments:	Special conjugation: たろ,○,た,た,たら,○ Used after any conjugating words except for v5g, v5n, v5b, v5m たらば form rarely used

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jmdict 2790540 Active (id: 2308640)
手相術
【しゅそうじゅつ】

1.

[n]
▶ palmistry
▶ chiromancy

History:

3.	A 2024-08-13 00:49:17 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<gloss>chiromancy</gloss>
2.	A 2013-06-07 05:56:33 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daijr, nikk
	Comments:	the reading you gave on your other entry was the correct one
	Diff:	@@ -8,1 +8,1 @@ -<reb>てそうじゅつ</reb> +<reb>しゅそうじゅつ</reb>
1.	A* 2013-06-06 21:14:13 winnie <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/手相術

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jmdict 2830023 Active (id: 2308677)
生気論
【せいきろん】

1.

[n] {philosophy,biology}
▶ vitalism

History:

6.	A 2024-08-13 19:20:25 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2024-08-12 22:48:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,3 @@ -<gloss>vitalism (philosophy, biology)</gloss> +<field>&phil;</field> +<field>&biol;</field> +<gloss>vitalism</gloss>
4.	A 2020-04-20 01:39:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2020-04-20 00:05:58 Opencooper
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>vitalism (philosphy, biology)</gloss> +<gloss>vitalism (philosophy, biology)</gloss>
2.	A 2016-08-19 05:13:41 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 says biology too.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>vitalism</gloss> +<gloss>vitalism (philosphy, biology)</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2016-08-19 02:03:37 Scott
	Refs:	gg5 koj wiki
	Comments:	fld=philosophy if it existed

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jmdict 2831112 Active (id: 2308679)
激戦州
【げきせんしゅう】

1.

[n]
▶ battleground state (in US politics)
▶ swing state

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2831115 スイングステート 1. swing state (in US politics)
	⇐ see: 2831111 接戦州【せっせんしゅう】 1. battleground state (in US politics); swing state

History:

4.	A 2024-08-13 21:10:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2024-08-13 19:25:02 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ＫＯＤ追加語彙, wiki
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<gloss>battleground state (in US politics)</gloss>
2.	A 2017-01-13 07:30:41 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	jwiki(スイング・ステート): 「激戦州」とも呼ばれる G n-grams: 激戦州 962 接戦州 146 スイング・ステート 52 スイングステート No matches
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>Swing state</gloss> +<gloss>swing state</gloss>
1.	A* 2017-01-13 01:55:01 huixing
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/スイング・ステート

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jmdict 2851626 Active (id: 2308687)
年率換算
【ねんりつかんさん】

1.

[n] {economics}
▶ annualized rate

History:

4.	A 2024-08-13 23:49:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2024-08-13 22:47:36 Lorenzi
	Comments:	It seems there was a mistake in the reading of 換 (かん).
	Diff:	@@ -8 +8 @@ -<reb>ねんりつかいさん</reb> +<reb>ねんりつかんさん</reb>
2.	A 2021-11-15 11:22:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	KOD
1.	A* 2021-11-15 05:30:12 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	eij, reverso sentences 年率換算 10935 年率換算の 389

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jmdict 2858827 Active (id: 2308689)
決算賞与
【けっさんしょうよ】

1.

[n]
▶ year-end bonus

History:

4.	A 2024-08-13 23:56:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	けっさん, I think.
3.	A* 2024-08-13 22:50:00 Lorenzi
	Refs:	https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/決算賞与
	Comments:	It looks like there was a mistake in the reading of 算 (さん), even though the given reference still says さい. Could this actually be a mistake in the reference?
	Diff:	@@ -8 +8 @@ -<reb>けっさいしょうよ</reb> +<reb>けっさんしょうよ</reb>
2.	A 2023-11-15 03:30:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	決算賞与 21509
1.	A* 2023-09-21 02:45:59 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/決算賞与

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jmdict 2862180 Active (id: 2308643)
手相占い；手相うらない [sK]
【てそううらない】

1.

[n]
▶ palmistry
▶ palm reading
▶ chiromancy

History:

2.	A 2024-08-13 00:52:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2024-08-13 00:45:45 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, luminous 手相占い 38,097 手相うらない 534

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jmdict 2862181 Active (id: 2308658)
小罪
【しょうざい】

1.	[n] {Christianity} ▶ venial sin ▶ lesser sin
2.	[n] ▶ small sin ▶ small crime

History:

2.	A 2024-08-13 06:04:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2024-08-13 05:37:48
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/大罪 daijr nikk (general sense)

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jmdict 2862182 Active (id: 2308718)
高卒認定試験
【こうそつにんていしけん】

1.

[n]
▶ Certificate for Students Achieving the Proficiency Level of Upper Secondary School Graduates
▶ [expl] Japanese high-school equivalency examination

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2762430 高等学校卒業程度認定試験 1. Certificate for Students Achieving the Proficiency Level of Upper Secondary School Graduates; Japanese high-school equivalency examination

History:

2.	A 2024-08-14 07:42:32 Syed Raza <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	sankoku; KOD (both point to 「高等学校卒業程度認定試験」)
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,3 @@ -<gloss>???</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="2762430">高等学校卒業程度認定試験</xref> +<gloss>Certificate for Students Achieving the Proficiency Level of Upper Secondary School Graduates</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">Japanese high-school equivalency examination</gloss>
1.	A* 2024-08-13 16:07:19
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/高等学校卒業程度認定試験

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jmdict 2862183 Active (id: 2308688)
知識論
【ちしきろん】

1.

[n] {philosophy}
▶ epistemology

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1729510 認識論 1. epistemology

History:

2.	A 2024-08-13 23:50:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2024-08-13 21:35:08 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	知識論 3,410 認識論 67,989
	Comments:	Given as a synonym of 認識論 in the kokugos.

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jmnedict 5401434 Active (id: 2308662)
常陸宮正仁
【ひたちのみやまさひと】

1.

[person]
▶ Masahito, Prince Hitachi (1935.11.28-)

History:

2.	A 2024-08-13 08:39:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2024-08-13 08:36:48 matsugase <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masahito,_Prince_Hitachi
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>Hitachinomiya Masahito (1935.11.28-)</gloss> +<gloss>Masahito, Prince Hitachi (1935.11.28-)</gloss>

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jmnedict 5561411 Active (id: 2308754)
藤原基経
【ふじわらのもとつね】

1.

[person]
▶ Fujiwara no Mototsune (836-891; statesman and aristocrat)

History:

3.	A 2024-08-15 00:28:52 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	For historical figures, years of birth and death are sufficient. Nationalities are only needed for non-Japanese names.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>Fujiwara no Mototsune (836-891.2.25; Japanese statesman)</gloss> +<gloss>Fujiwara no Mototsune (836-891; statesman and aristocrat)</gloss>
2.	A 2024-08-13 12:27:14 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Mototsune
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>Fujiwara no Mototsune (836-891.2.25-; Japanese statesman)</gloss> +<gloss>Fujiwara no Mototsune (836-891.2.25; Japanese statesman)</gloss>
1.	A* 2024-08-13 08:42:44 matsugase <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/藤原基経
	Diff:	@@ -11,2 +11,2 @@ -<misc>&unclass;</misc> -<gloss>Fujiwaranomototsune</gloss> +<misc>&person;</misc> +<gloss>Fujiwara no Mototsune (836-891.2.25-; Japanese statesman)</gloss>

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jmnedict 5737831 Active (id: 2308686)
霍光
【かくこう】

1.

[person]
▶ Huo Guang (died 68 BC; Chinese general and politician)

History:

3.	A 2024-08-13 23:18:14 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>Huo Guang (died 68 BC; Chinese general & politician)</gloss> +<gloss>Huo Guang (died 68 BC; Chinese general and politician)</gloss>
2.	A 2024-08-12 20:59:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2024-08-12 13:19:53 matsugase <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/霍光
	Diff:	@@ -11,2 +11,2 @@ -<misc>&unclass;</misc> -<gloss>Kakukou</gloss> +<misc>&person;</misc> +<gloss>Huo Guang (died 68 BC; Chinese general & politician)</gloss>

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jmnedict 5746981 Active (id: 2308644)
貫島
【つらしま】

1.

[surname]
▶ Tsurashima

History:

2.	A 2024-08-13 00:52:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2024-08-13 00:44:41 matsugase <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://mainichi.jp/articles/20230507/ddm/013/040/009000c

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

jmnedict 5746982 Active (id: 2308645)
永州
【えいしゅう】

1.

[given]
▶ Eishū

History:

2.	A 2024-08-13 00:56:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2024-08-13 00:45:32 matsugase <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://mainichi.jp/articles/20230507/ddm/013/040/009000c

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml

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If you have questions about, problems using, or suggestions for improving this page, please send email to jimbreen@gmail.com.
JMdictDB is an open-source Postgresql database and Python API for managing Japanese dictionary data developed by Stuart McGraw. More information at http://edrdg.org/~smg/. Please report software problems at https://gitlab.com/yamagoya/jmdictdb/issues or email to jmdictdb@mtneva.com.

3.	A 2024-08-13 00:34:57 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	フォグランプ 107,925 99.7% フォッグランプ 348 0.3%
2.	A* 2024-08-13 00:00:05 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijisen (フォッグ entry): 《「フォグ」とも》霧。濃霧。
	Comments:	We recently added フォッグランプ to the フォグランプ entry.
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<re_inf>&rk;</re_inf>
1.	A* 2024-08-10 21:09:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	フォグ 111241 90.4% フォッグ 11782 9.6% - KOD
	Comments:	[sk], [rk]?
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>フォッグ</reb>

JMdictDB - Japanese Dictionary Database

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