JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 1015050 Active (id: 2308539)

アカペラ；ア・カペラ

1.

[n] {music} Source lang: ita
▶ a cappella

History:

5.	A 2024-08-12 01:03:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2024-08-11 23:44:32 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think we need to explain what it means.
	Diff:	@@ -15 +14,0 @@ -<gloss g_type="expl">unaccompanied choir or choral work</gloss>
3.	A 2015-02-20 22:46:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2015-02-20 09:53:29
	Comments:	Last I checked, it's spelt 'a cappella' in English, too.
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12,4 @@ -<lsource xml:lang="ita">a cappella</lsource> -<gloss>a capella (unaccompanied choir or choral work)</gloss> +<field>&music;</field> +<lsource xml:lang="ita"/> +<gloss>a cappella</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">unaccompanied choir or choral work</gloss>
1.	A 2013-05-10 12:24:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update. -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ア・カペラ</reb>

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jmdict 1046170 Active (id: 2308500)

グッズ [gai1] ；グッツ [ik]

1.

[n]
▶ goods
▶ merchandise
▶ commercial items

History:

4.	A 2024-08-11 12:02:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2024-08-11 11:41:51 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, chujiten, daij
	Comments:	Not necessarily promotional.
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15,2 @@ -<gloss>promotional items</gloss> +<gloss>merchandise</gloss> +<gloss>commercial items</gloss>
2.	A 2016-08-31 04:09:31 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2016-08-30 06:32:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1114719151 (commenting that it's not correct) G n-grams: グッツ 221096 グッズ 17391329
	Comments:	Too many uses to ignore, but needs tagging that it's incorrect.
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,4 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>グッツ</reb> +<re_inf>&ik;</re_inf>

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jmdict 1059980 Active (id: 2308526)

シェパード [gai1] ；セパード [rk]

1.

[n]
▶ German shepherd (dog breed)
▶ Alsatian

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2218950 ジャーマンシェパード 1. German shepherd
	⇐ see: 2218930 ジャーマンシェパードドッグ 1. German shepherd dog

2.

[n]
▶ shepherd

History:

9.	A 2024-08-11 21:33:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8.	A* 2024-08-11 21:24:59 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5 シェパード 139,800 セパード 571
	Comments:	The dog sense leads in the kokugos and dominates in the web results.
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10 @@ +<re_inf>&rk;</re_inf> @@ -13 +14,3 @@ -<gloss>shepherd</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="2218950">ジャーマンシェパード</xref> +<gloss>German shepherd (dog breed)</gloss> +<gloss>Alsatian</gloss> @@ -17,2 +20 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2218950">ジャーマンシェパード</xref> -<gloss>German shepherd</gloss> +<gloss>shepherd</gloss>
7.	A 2013-05-14 23:11:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK.
6.	A* 2013-05-14 20:03:51 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
5.	A 2013-05-14 20:03:42 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	approving since セパード has already been deleted. then reopening
(show/hide 4 older log entries)
4.	A* 2013-05-14 19:59:17 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	セパード is in gakken katakana without restrictions and google image hits bring up dogs for the most part
	Diff:	@@ -16,1 +16,0 @@ -<stagr>シェパード</stagr>
3.	A* 2013-05-13 11:43:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, GG5, etc.
	Comments:	Merging alternative form.
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +8,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>セパード</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -13,0 +16,1 @@ +<stagr>シェパード</stagr>
2.	A 2013-04-18 18:01:41 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2013-04-17 00:59:12 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Speling.
	Diff:	@@ -15,1 +15,1 @@ -<gloss>German sheperd</gloss> +<gloss>German shepherd</gloss>

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jmdict 1123790 Active (id: 2308484)

ボクサー [gai1]

1.

[n]
▶ boxer (fighter)

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2857968 拳闘選手【けんとうせんしゅ】 1. boxer; fighter
	⇐ see: 2697660 拳闘家【けんとうか】 1. boxer

2.

[n]
▶ boxer (dog breed)

History:

4.	A 2024-08-11 00:56:41 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I thought it was fine.
3.	A* 2024-08-11 00:04:22 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think a sports tag is appropriate here.
	Diff:	@@ -10,2 +10 @@ -<field>&sports;</field> -<gloss>boxer</gloss> +<gloss>boxer (fighter)</gloss>
2.	A 2020-04-01 22:23:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2020-04-01 17:50:13 Guillem Palau-Salvà
	Refs:	https://kotobank.jp/word/ボクサー-132690boxer
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10 @@ +<field>&sports;</field> @@ -11,0 +13,4 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>boxer (dog breed)</gloss> +</sense>

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jmdict 1196970 Active (id: 2308488)
我慢 [ichi1,news1,nf14]
【がまん [ichi1,news1,nf14] ；ガマン (nokanji) 】

1.

[n,vs,vt,vi]
▶ endurance
▶ patience
▶ perseverance
▶ bearing (with something)

2.

[n,vs,vi]
▶ self-control
▶ self-restraint

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2513720 我慢しないで【がまんしないで】 1. without restraint; without hesitation; without holding back

Conjugations

History:

10.	A 2024-08-11 06:46:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	As I mentioned in 2020, 中辞典 has two senses. I think it works. I went through some of the many Tanaka sentences using 我慢する and quite a few seemed intransitive.
9.	A* 2024-08-02 12:14:04
	Comments:	Sense 1 is only vt in meikyo. I'm not seeing sense 2 in other dictionaries.
8.	A 2024-08-02 07:12:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Sense 1 seems to be both.
	Diff:	@@ -22,0 +23,2 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> @@ -30,0 +33 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos>
7.	A* 2024-08-02 05:31:45
	Comments:	Missing transitivty tags
6.	A 2024-08-02 04:49:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	我慢の生活 1239
	Comments:	Seems a bit of a standard phrase. I think endurance/perseverance in sense 1 applies.
(show/hide 5 older log entries)
5.	A* 2024-08-02 01:19:13
	Refs:	https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/1563dc8c257b1eb306f36076ef4ac2f72137f38b 今も我慢の生活を続ける人がいます。
4.	A 2020-12-16 05:17:05 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://www.edrdg.org/~jwb/cgi-bin/ngramlookup?sent=我慢&nanox=on GG5, 中辞典 (splits) etc.
	Comments:	Plenty of non-verb use too. I'm ordering the glosses after that in the main JEs. I like the sense split in 中辞典.
	Diff:	@@ -23 +22,0 @@ -<gloss>bearing (with something)</gloss> @@ -25 +23,0 @@ -<gloss>restraint</gloss> @@ -27,0 +26,5 @@ +<gloss>bearing (with something)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&vs;</pos> @@ -28,0 +32 @@ +<gloss>self-restraint</gloss>
3.	A* 2020-12-16 03:37:20
	Comments:	I think this fits best. maybe this should be glossed as a verb though, considering that's how it's most frequently used.
	Diff:	@@ -22,0 +23,3 @@ +<gloss>bearing (with something)</gloss> +<gloss>endurance</gloss> +<gloss>restraint</gloss> @@ -24 +26,0 @@ -<gloss>endurance</gloss> @@ -26 +27,0 @@ -<gloss>tolerance</gloss> @@ -28 +28,0 @@ -<gloss>self-denial</gloss>
2.	A 2019-08-26 23:37:41 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	It's being used.
1.	A* 2019-08-26 23:34:59 Opencooper
	Refs:	我慢 6172719 ガマン 633675
	Comments:	Worth including?
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ガマン</reb> +<re_nokanji/> +</r_ele>

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jmdict 1328070 Active (id: 2308503)
手相 [news2,nf45]
【てそう [news2,nf45] 】

1.

[n]
▶ lines of the palm (in palm reading)
▶ appearance of the palm of the hand

History:

2.	A 2024-08-11 12:20:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5: the lines 「on [in] one's palm; 〔看板で〕 Palm Readings; Your Palm Read. Other JEs just have the lines.
	Comments:	I'm not sure what those other glosses in GG5 really mean.
1.	A* 2024-08-11 07:20:35 GM <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	デジタル大辞泉, 旺文社国語辞典手相する 0
	Comments:	kokugos don't say it means palm reading. also none of my dictionaries say it's [vs]
	Diff:	@@ -16,2 +16,2 @@ -<pos>&vs;</pos> -<gloss>palm reading</gloss> +<gloss>lines of the palm (in palm reading)</gloss> +<gloss>appearance of the palm of the hand</gloss>

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jmdict 1436920 Active (id: 2308517)
泥をかぶる；泥を被る
【どろをかぶる】

1.

[exp,v5r] [id]
▶ to take the blame
▶ [lit] to cover oneself in mud

Conjugations

History:

5.	A 2024-08-11 15:34:22 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<misc>&id;</misc>
4.	A 2024-08-11 15:33:53 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮ │ 泥をかぶる　 │ 2,755 │ 58.7% │ │ 泥を被る　　 │ 1,871 │ 39.9% │ │ どろをかぶる │ 65 │ 1.4% │ ├─ーーーーーー─┼───────┼───────┤ │ 泥をかぶっ　 │ 6,680 │ 78.5% │ │ 泥を被っ　　 │ 1,694 │ 19.9% │ │ どろをかぶっ │ 137 │ 1.6% │ ╰─ーーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
	Comments:	Reordering
	Diff:	@@ -5 +5 @@ -<keb>泥を被る</keb> +<keb>泥をかぶる</keb> @@ -8 +8 @@ -<keb>泥をかぶる</keb> +<keb>泥を被る</keb>
3.	A 2012-09-22 06:45:47 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2012-09-19 01:48:16 Marcus
	Refs:	daijr, daijs, 研究社新和英中辞典, nikk
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>泥をかぶる</keb> @@ -13,1 +16,2 @@ -<gloss>to be covered with mud</gloss> +<gloss>to take the blame</gloss> +<gloss g_type="lit">to cover oneself in mud</gloss>
1.	A 2010-11-15 11:18:40 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Added additional PoS via batch update.Added additional PoS via batch update. -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<pos>&v5r;</pos>

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jmdict 1485370 Active (id: 2308486)
飛び乗る [news2,nf31] ；跳び乗る [rK] ；飛乗る [sK]
【とびのる [news2,nf31] 】

1.

[v5r,vi]
▶ to jump on (a horse)
▶ to jump onto (a bus, train, etc.)
▶ to jump into (a taxi)

Conjugations

History:

4.	A 2024-08-11 06:26:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think that extra detail helps much. The "jump" part carries the message sufficiently - you don't usually jump into a taxi unless you are hurrying.
	Diff:	@@ -25,3 +25,3 @@ -<gloss>to jump on (a horse, bike, etc. with great vigor)</gloss> -<gloss>to jump onto (a bus, train, etc. that is moving or is about to depart)</gloss> -<gloss>to jump into (a taxi, etc. esp. when rushing to get somewhere)</gloss> +<gloss>to jump on (a horse)</gloss> +<gloss>to jump onto (a bus, train, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>to jump into (a taxi)</gloss>
3.	A* 2024-08-10 07:14:55 GM <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	デジタル大辞泉旺文社国語辞典: ① 勢いよく身をおどらせて乗る。「オートバイに―・って逃げる」広辞苑: ①勢いよく飛びあがって乗る。「塀の上に―・る」
	Comments:	the first sense can be used on things other than horses. I tried to stay true to the kokugos with my suggestion. how about this ? I covered all 3 senses from 大辞泉 and we have it all in 1 sense. maybe there is a beter way to word the notes inside the parentheses ? I'm not a native but it looks good to me.
	Diff:	@@ -25,3 +25,3 @@ -<gloss>to jump on (a horse)</gloss> -<gloss>to jump onto (a bus, train, etc.)</gloss> -<gloss>to jump into (a taxi)</gloss> +<gloss>to jump on (a horse, bike, etc. with great vigor)</gloss> +<gloss>to jump onto (a bus, train, etc. that is moving or is about to depart)</gloss> +<gloss>to jump into (a taxi, etc. esp. when rushing to get somewhere)</gloss>
2.	A* 2024-08-09 01:12:52 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, luminous, wisdom 飛び乗っ 131,499 98.9% 跳び乗っ 1,164 0.9% 飛乗っ 280 0.2%
	Comments:	The kokugos have 2/3 senses but I think one is enough. The JEs don't split.
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +11,5 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>飛乗る</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -20,6 +25,3 @@ -<gloss>to vigorously jump on</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&v5r;</pos> -<pos>&vi;</pos> -<gloss>to jump and get on (a vehicle that's moving or is about to depart)</gloss> +<gloss>to jump on (a horse)</gloss> +<gloss>to jump onto (a bus, train, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>to jump into (a taxi)</gloss>
1.	A* 2024-08-07 15:51:51 GM <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	デジタル大辞泉, 大辞林
	Comments:	in the context I saw it someone jumped on a bike that wasn't moving
	Diff:	@@ -20 +20,6 @@ -<gloss>to jump upon (a moving object)</gloss> +<gloss>to vigorously jump on</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to jump and get on (a vehicle that's moving or is about to depart)</gloss>

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jmdict 1528030 Active (id: 2308520)
未亡人 [news1,nf22]
【みぼうじん [news1,nf22] ；びぼうじん [ok] 】

1.

[n]
▶ widow

History:

4.	A 2024-08-11 19:30:07 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2024-08-11 18:51:07
	Refs:	shinmeikai: 〔古くは、「びぼうじん」〕
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16 @@ -<re_inf>&rk;</re_inf> +<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf>
2.	A 2024-08-10 21:00:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijisen: 「みぼうじん（未亡人）」に同じ。
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16 @@ -<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf> +<re_inf>&rk;</re_inf>
1.	A* 2024-08-10 12:45:32
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>びぼうじん</reb> +<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf> +</r_ele>

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jmdict 1532080 Active (id: 2308614)
命知らず；命しらず [sK]
【いのちしらず】

1.

[n,adj-no,adj-na]
▶ recklessness
▶ daredevilry
▶ daredevil
▶ reckless person

History:

6.	A 2024-08-12 21:14:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2024-08-12 17:39:42 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog
	Comments:	I think we can drop the archaic sense.
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +15 @@ +<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -17 +17,0 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -20,8 +20,2 @@ -<gloss>rashness</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> -<pos>&adj-na;</pos> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<misc>&arch;</misc> -<gloss>long-lasting</gloss> +<gloss>daredevil</gloss> +<gloss>reckless person</gloss>
4.	A 2024-08-11 05:55:05 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	命知らず 92418 98.8% 命しらず 1161 1.2%
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>命しらず</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
3.	A 2018-12-06 02:11:08 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	g ng 命知らずな 6615 命知らずの 69300
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +11 @@ +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -13 +13,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -21 +21,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
2.	A 2012-08-12 07:37:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Diff:	@@ -15,1 +15,2 @@ -<gloss>daredevil</gloss> +<gloss>daredevilry</gloss> +<gloss>rashness</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2012-08-12 04:57:04 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij
	Comments:	I don't see sense 2 in other sources (新和英中辞典, prog, Luminous, ALC), and the source for the sense 2 examples in daij is from 1688.
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +16,6 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adj-na;</pos> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<misc>&arch;</misc>

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jmdict 1550790 Active (id: 2308529)
里帰り [news1,nf16] ；里帰 [sK] ；里がえり [sK]
【さとがえり [news1,nf16] 】

1.	[n,vs,vi] ▶ returning home to one's parents (orig. of a married person) ▶ visiting one's parents (for a prolonged period of stay)
2.	[n,vs,vi] ▶ bride's first visit to her parents after getting married
3.	[n,vs,vi] ▶ coming back (of an item; after having been on loan, etc. abroad)
4.	[n,vs,vi] [arch] ▶ temporarily returning to one's home (of a servant)

Conjugations

History:

7.	A 2024-08-11 22:54:04 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	里帰り 681777 99.2% 里帰 1610 0.2% さとがえり 1412 0.2% さと帰り 315 0.0% 里がえり 2429 0.4%
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +8,8 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>里帰</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>里がえり</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
6.	A 2024-08-11 06:32:09 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think that older stricter nuance should be kept somewhere.
	Diff:	@@ -18 +18 @@ -<gloss>returning home to one's parents</gloss> +<gloss>returning home to one's parents (orig. of a married person)</gloss>
5.	A* 2024-08-09 14:32:28 GM <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://nlab.itmedia.co.jp/nl/articles/1807/13/news025.html 「里帰り」も現在では本来の意味通りではなく、広く一般に「実家に帰ること」として使われているのも事実。男性が「里帰り」を使っているからといって、わざわざ揚げ足を取るのも野暮なことでしょう。日本語は必ずしも、本来の意味だけが正しいわけではないのです。岩波国語辞典: ③一時的に故郷に帰ること。「夏休みに―した」「広重の浮世絵がボストン美術館から―」
	Comments:	I keep hearing males using it when talking about going home for the お盆休み
	Diff:	@@ -18 +18 @@ -<gloss>returning home to one's parents (of a married person)</gloss> +<gloss>returning home to one's parents</gloss>
4.	A 2022-11-30 11:01:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2022-11-30 10:32:07 Nicolas Maia
	Comments:	Moving arch gloss down.
	Diff:	@@ -31 +31 @@ -<gloss>temporarily returning to one's home (of a servant)</gloss> +<gloss>coming back (of an item; after having been on loan, etc. abroad)</gloss> @@ -37 +37,2 @@ -<gloss>coming back (of an item; after having been on loan, etc. abroad)</gloss> +<misc>&arch;</misc> +<gloss>temporarily returning to one's home (of a servant)</gloss>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A 2021-12-10 19:55:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2021-12-08 11:16:32 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	mk さと‐がえり【里帰り】─ガヘリ〘名・自サ変〙 ①結婚後、新婦が初めて実家へ帰ること。 ②結婚している人がしばらくの間実家へ帰ること。 ③奉公人が一時生家へ帰ること。 ◆国外に出ていた品物が一時的に戻ってくる意などにも使う。「ボストン美術館の浮世絵が─する
	Diff:	@@ -17,3 +17,21 @@ -<gloss>returning home</gloss> -<gloss>visiting one's parents</gloss> -<gloss>new bride's first visit to parents</gloss> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>returning home to one's parents (of a married person)</gloss> +<gloss>visiting one's parents (for a prolonged period of stay)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>bride's first visit to her parents after getting married</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>temporarily returning to one's home (of a servant)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>coming back (of an item; after having been on loan, etc. abroad)</gloss>

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jmdict 1698930 Active (id: 2308502)
手相見
【てそうみ】

1.

[n]
▶ palm reading
▶ palm reader
▶ palmist

History:

2.	A 2024-08-11 12:16:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, 中辞典, etc.
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14 @@ +<gloss>palmist</gloss>
1.	A* 2024-08-11 07:04:15 GM <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	デジタル大辞泉
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<gloss>palm reading</gloss>

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jmdict 1709740 Active (id: 2308512)
送風機；送風器 [sK]
【そうふうき】

1.

[n]
▶ ventilator
▶ blower
▶ fan

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2038820 ブロワー 1. blower; fan

History:

3.	A 2024-08-11 14:42:13 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 送風機 │ 58,105 │ 99.3% │ │ 送風器 │ 387 │ 0.7% │ - add, sK ╰─ーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>送風器</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2.	A 2021-11-04 19:48:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2021-11-04 13:07:06 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13,2 @@ +<gloss>blower</gloss> +<gloss>fan</gloss>

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jmdict 1845240 Active (id: 2308884)
牛刀
【ぎゅうとう】

1.

[n]
▶ chef's knife

History:

17.	A 2024-08-16 17:50:49 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
16.	A* 2024-08-16 14:08:05
	Refs:	Well, including refs wasn't my idea to begin with, anyway. I think the extra gloss would have helped make it a bit extra clear, for anyone who doesn't know the term "chef's knife", but it's not really necessary.
15.	A 2024-08-16 04:29:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't see a case for the extra gloss or the xrefs.
	Diff:	@@ -12,3 +11,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2070640">三徳包丁</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="2651770">文化包丁</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="2651760">万能包丁</xref> @@ -16 +12,0 @@ -<gloss>Western all-purpose kitchen knife</gloss>
14.	A* 2024-08-14 23:18:11
	Comments:	万能包丁 appears to usually mean, as it more or less literally translated to, all-purpose kitchen knife (so a chef's knife, santoku, or bunka knife) ...or, sometimes, as a synonym for bunka knife
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,5 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2070640">三徳包丁</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2070640">三徳包丁</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2651770">文化包丁</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2651770">文化包丁</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2651760">万能包丁</xref> @@ -12,0 +18 @@ +<gloss>Western all-purpose kitchen knife</gloss>
13.	A 2024-08-14 21:53:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I put that xref in as a contrast; not as an equivalent.
(show/hide 12 older log entries)
12.	A* 2024-08-14 16:45:41
	Comments:	The only collective term I can think of, would be 包丁, which means "kitchen knife". Though, as I've pointed out, that also includes bread knives, paring knives, utility knives, tomato knives, carving knives, boning knives, nakiri, usuba etc
11.	A* 2024-08-14 16:39:33
	Comments:	As the page you reference (and any other you can find) makes clear: A santoku isn't a gyūtō, and a gyūtō is not a santoku. They are both knives that are intended as a main all-around kitchen knife, but they are not the same knife, nor is one a type of the other. The same is true of the bunkabōchō (the predecessor of the santoku), though some people (wrongly) regard it as a type of santoku (if anything, it's the other way around), due to their great similarity.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +11,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2070640">三徳包丁</xref>
10.	A 2024-08-14 00:41:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://www.jikko.jp/news/difference-between-santoku-gyuto - 三徳包丁と牛刀の違いをご存じでしょうか？この記事では、それぞれの包丁が持つ特徴や、正しい使い方に焦点を当て、あなたにぴったりな一生ものの包丁を見つける手助けをします。家庭用に適した形状で使い勝手抜群の三徳包丁。一方で、牛刀は料理のバリエーションを広げ、食材に合わせた切り方を追求する料理愛好者に向いています。
	Comments:	Maybe an xref to the more collective term.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2070640">三徳包丁</xref>
9.	A* 2024-08-12 13:27:57
	Comments:	Yeah, it's very plausible that 牛刀 may have been used for any knife used for red meat, very early on. It's also plausible, that they mistakenly referred to chef's knives, as butchers' knives ...and continued to keep that mistake in dictionaries, long after the mistake was corrected among chefs, knife makers/sellers, and the general public, due to going with the older dictionaries, that have the "butchers' knife" gloss. As for "kitchen knife"... Kitchen knife is a broad category. Kitchen knife doesn't mean chef's knife. While a chefs' knife is a kitchen knife, so is a bread knife, paring knife, utility knife (not to be confused with non-kitchen utility knives. Called a "petty", by the Japanese), carving knife (this includes sashimi knives, like the yanagiba), boning knife, nakiri, usuba etc. Those are all kitchen knives.
	Diff:	@@ -13 +12,0 @@ -<gloss>kitchen knife</gloss>
8.	A 2024-08-12 12:14:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijs: 牛を切りさくのに用いる大きな包丁。 Daijr: 牛を切り裂く大きな包丁。
	Comments:	I suspect that 牛刀 originally meant "butcher's knife" or "meat ax(e)" and the current meaning has moved on to it being used for the main chef/kitchen knife, which is (also) used for cutting up meat.. I have a 1930s Kenkyusha JE and it just glosses it as "butcher's knife". I don't call the knife I use for cutting up meat a "butcher's knife", and it's probably inappropriate for 牛刀.
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<gloss>kitchen knife</gloss>
7.	A* 2024-08-11 13:35:18
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ナイフ#解体用ナイフ（ブッチャーナイフ）
	Comments:	Note that Japanese Wikipedia's article on ナイフ, lists "解体用ナイフ（ブッチャーナイフ）" as a separate section, to "キッチンナイフ（包丁も含む）". With 牛刀 mentioned in the "キッチンナイフ（包丁も含む）" section. When I tried to find "butchers' knife", on Japanese Wikipedia, I searched for ブッチャー, got to https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ブッチャー Saw "ブッチャー・ナイフ（Butcher knife） - 肉を切るナイフ", clicked on the link to "ブッチャー・ナイフ" ...and got to the referenced section.
6.	A* 2024-08-11 13:16:40
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butcher_knife https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/牛刀 https://foodsguy.com/cleaver-vs-butcher-knife/ https://barbecuefaq.com/butcher-knife-vs-chef-knife/ https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/2149/7399/articles/Featurephoto_7c12f87a-298f-4794-99c6-475b34fed9ec.jpg?v=1609130712 https://dalstrong.com/blogs/news/cleaver-knife-vs-butcher-knife-what-s-the-difference
	Comments:	Here are some refs. (didn't see them as necessary, but if they are, these are some quick examples) Also: Just looking at the pictures, from an image search, and actually looking up info, are two very different things. An image search can give you a quick impression of what a word typically refers to ...but that impression won't necessarily be _reliable or trustworthy._ Also, if you do an image search for "butchers' knife", you get nothing that looks like a chef's knife. You also get a lot of cleavers, though (despite what many believe) those aren't actually butchers' knives. Aside from the fact that butcher's knives look notably different: Knives can look the same, in profile, but be completely different and have completely different things they can or can't do, and for which they are or aren't suited. For example: A Chinese chef's knife looks like a cleaver, but can't cut through bone. A nakiri or usuba (knives for cutting vegetable) look much the same as a nata. (bushcraft/woodcraft knife. Can even be used to chop wood, by batoning. Well, small nata can't manage that, but any that are at least as big as a nakiri or usuba...)
	Diff:	@@ -13 +12,0 @@ -<gloss>butcher's knife</gloss>
5.	A* 2024-08-11 12:02:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5: a butcher knife; a cleaver; a meat-ax. 中辞典: a butcher knife プログレッシブ: a cleaver; a meat-ax; a butcher knife Reverso: several matches with butcher's knife
	Comments:	You really need to provide references when proposing such an edit. Assertions are not enough. That said, WWW images for 牛刀 show the sorts of knives I associate with Japanese kitchens and chefs. I'm not really familiar with what butchers use, but they may well be similar.
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<gloss>butcher's knife</gloss>
4.	A* 2024-08-11 10:49:02
	Comments:	牛刀 is the Japanese word for chef's knife. Where the idea of it meaning cleaver or butchers' knife comes from, I don't know, but... It is just used to refer to chef's knife. I.e. the regular standard Western kitchen knife (outside Japan, it refers to Japanese versions of it) ...which obviously isn't a cleaver or butchers' knife.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +11,0 @@ -<gloss>butcher's knife</gloss>
3.	A 2011-08-06 23:07:12 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2011-08-06 08:34:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/牛刀 GG5, 新和英中辞典, Daijr, etc. cf. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleaver_(knife)
	Comments:	From the many images of 牛刀, I'd say "cleaver" is a poor translation. Wikip says: "A cleaver is a large knife that varies in its shape but usually resembles a rectangular-bladed hatchet.", That's not a 牛刀.
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12,1 @@ -<s_inf>Often translated as cleaver, but used for slicing meat, not cleaving bone.</s_inf> -<gloss>meat cleaver</gloss> +<gloss>butcher's knife</gloss>
1.	A* 2011-08-06 01:17:39 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/牛刀
	Comments:	Note on “cleaver” – this is a common loose translation of Japanese and Chinese chef’s knives, though they are not actually used as cleavers.
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<s_inf>Often translated as cleaver, but used for slicing meat, not cleaving bone.</s_inf> @@ -13,0 +14,1 @@ +<gloss>chef's knife</gloss>

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jmdict 2025310 Deleted (id: 2308514)

ブロッス

1.

[n]
▶ broth

History:

3.	D 2024-08-11 15:21:52 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2024-08-11 15:01:04
	Comments:	ブロス 106075 99.9% ブロッス 126 0.1%　（2025310）
1.	A 2004-11-17 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2038820 Active (id: 2320688)

ブロワー；ブロアー；ブロワ；ブロア；ブローワー [sk]

1.

[n]
▶ blower
▶ fan

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1709740 送風機 1. ventilator; blower; fan

2.

[n]
▶ leaf blower

3.

[n]
▶ lens blower
▶ dust blower

History:

8.	A 2024-11-09 06:15:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7.	A* 2024-11-08 22:50:32 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr/s https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/リーフブロワー >> 単にブロワーやガーデンブロワーとも呼ばれる。
	Comments:	www images are mostly leaf blowers.
	Diff:	@@ -24 +23,0 @@ -<gloss>ventilator</gloss> @@ -25,0 +25,9 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>leaf blower</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>lens blower</gloss> +<gloss>dust blower</gloss>
6.	A 2024-11-07 20:18:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2024-11-07 03:53:23
	Refs:	ブロワー 21585 26.5% ブロアー 19526 24.0% ブローワー 278 0.3% daij ブローアー 118 0.1% ブロワ 20229 24.9% also name of a city ブロア 19510 24.0% also name of a city ブローワ 0 0.0% ブローア 80 0.1%
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,10 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ブロワ</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ブロア</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ブローワー</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
4.	A 2024-08-11 21:17:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A* 2024-08-11 14:39:26 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5: ブロワー〔送風機〕 a blower. ブロアー〔送風器〕 a blower. Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬────────╮ │ ブロワー │ 21,585 │ │ ブロアー │ 19,526 │ │ 送風機　 │ 58,105 │ │ 送風器　 │ 387 │ ╰─ーーーー─┴────────╯
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ブロアー</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -8,0 +12 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1709740">送風機</xref> @@ -9,0 +14,2 @@ +<gloss>ventilator</gloss> +<gloss>fan</gloss>
2.	A* 2024-08-11 14:30:01
	Comments:	ブロワー 21585 52.5% ブロアー 19526 47.5%
1.	A 2005-05-01 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2218930 Active (id: 2308527)

ジャーマンシェパードドッグ；ジャーマン・シェパード・ドッグ

1.

[n]
▶ German shepherd dog

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1059980 シェパード 1. German shepherd (dog breed); Alsatian

History:

3.	A 2024-08-11 21:34:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1059980">シェパード・2</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1059980">シェパード・1</xref>
2.	A 2013-04-17 01:01:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +7,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ジャーマン・シェパード・ドッグ</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -9,2 +12,2 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1059980">シェパード</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="1059980">シェパード</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1059980">シェパード・2</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1059980">シェパード・2</xref>
1.	A 2007-10-06 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2479810 Active (id: 2308589)

ブロス

1.

[n] {food, cooking}
▶ broth

History:

4.	A 2024-08-12 17:29:15 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Can't find any evidence that ブロッス refers to broth. I think it can be dropped.
	Diff:	@@ -6,4 +5,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>ブロッス</reb> -<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
3.	A 2024-08-11 21:17:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2024-08-11 15:21:59 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ ブロス　 │ 106,075 │ 99.9% │ │ ブロッス │ 126 │ 0.1% │ - add, sk (from 2025310) ╰─ーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ブロッス</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> +</r_ele> @@ -8,0 +13 @@ +<field>&food;</field>
1.	A 2009-07-17 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2662920 Active (id: 2308492)
手々；手手
【てて】

1.

[n] [uk,chn]
▶ hand
▶ hands

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2080240 お手手【おてて】 1. hand; hands
	⇐ see: 2862168 てって 1. hand; hands

History:

8.	A 2024-08-11 07:01:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK. I'll split them.
	Diff:	@@ -12,4 +11,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>てって</reb> -<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
7.	A* 2024-08-11 00:01:28 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	GG5 and most of the kokugos have kanji for てて. I think てって should be a separate entry.
6.	A* 2024-08-09 10:10:43 Marcus Richert
	Comments:	I don't think it should be hidden, I can find a lot of examples online. I'd be more inclined to hide the kanji readings.
5.	A 2024-08-09 07:00:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I'm only finding false positives for てって. Maybe [sk].
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,4 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>てって</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
4.	A* 2024-08-09 01:45:18 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	nikk https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/幼児語 "てて、おてて、てって - 手" https://s-tette.jp/about/archive/entry/002754.html また幼児語の手の意味「てって」からとりました。
	Comments:	Should てって be a separate entry? The kanji are not really commonly used...
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15,2 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2080240">お手手</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2080240">おてて</xref> +<misc>&uk;</misc>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A 2021-02-03 06:28:48 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -15 +15 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2080240">御手手</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2080240">お手手</xref>
2.	A 2011-10-12 13:24:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2011-09-30 07:47:10 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, gg5

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jmdict 2841545 Active (id: 2308528)

ラブラドールレトリバー；ラブラドールレトリーバー；ラブラドール・レトリバー；ラブラドール・レトリーバー；ラブラドルレトリバー [sk] ；ラブラドールリトリバー [sk] ；ラブラドールリトリーバー [sk] ；ラブラドルレトリーバー [sk]

1.

[n]
▶ Labrador retriever (dog breed)
▶ Labrador

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2841547 ラブラドール 1. Labrador (dog breed); Labrador retriever

History:

7.	A 2024-08-11 21:37:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2024-08-11 21:22:50 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ラブラドルレトリーバー 310
	Comments:	We were missing this form, which is in daijr and GG5. Adding it as an sk form. I think the hidden nakaguro forms can be dropped.
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,6 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ラブラドール・レトリバー</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ラブラドール・レトリーバー</reb> @@ -23,15 +29 @@ -<reb>ラブラドール・レトリバー</reb> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>ラブラドール・レトリーバー</reb> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>ラブラドル・レトリバー</reb> -<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>ラブラドール・リトリバー</reb> -<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>ラブラドールリト・リーバー</reb> +<reb>ラブラドルレトリーバー</reb>
5.	A 2022-10-13 00:14:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2022-10-12 23:37:12 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ラブラドールレトリバー 30361 59.9% ラブラドールレトリーバー 16388 32.3% ラブラドルレトリバー 2034 4.0% ラブラドールリトリバー 1110 2.2% ラブラドールリトリーバー 785 1.5%
	Comments:	I think we can hide all but the first two forms. "Labrador" is usually capitalised.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -14,0 +16 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -17,0 +20 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -26,0 +30 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -29,0 +34 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -32,0 +38 @@ +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -36,2 +42,2 @@ -<gloss>labrador retriever (breed of dog)</gloss> -<gloss>labrador</gloss> +<gloss>Labrador retriever (dog breed)</gloss> +<gloss>Labrador</gloss>
3.	A 2019-09-27 23:16:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ラブラドールレトリバー 30361 ラブラドルレトリバー 2034 ラブラドールレトリーバー 16388 ラブラドルレトリーバー 310
	Comments:	One more, then I think I'll stop.
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,3 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ラブラドルレトリバー</reb> @@ -22,0 +26,3 @@ +<reb>ラブラドル・レトリバー</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A 2019-09-27 20:41:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ラブラドールレトリバー 30361 ラブラドールリトリーバー 785 ラブラドールレトリーバー 16388 ラブラドールリトリバー 1110
	Comments:	😁
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,6 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ラブラドールレトリーバー</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ラブラドールリトリバー</reb> @@ -14 +20,7 @@ -<reb>ラブラドール・リトリーバー</reb> +<reb>ラブラドール・レトリーバー</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ラブラドール・リトリバー</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ラブラドールリト・リーバー</reb>
1.	A* 2019-09-27 17:02:20 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs jwiki G n-grams: ラブラドール 232980 ラブラドールレトリバー 30361 ラブラドールリトリーバー 785

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jmdict 2846075 Deleted (id: 2308511)

ブロアー

1.

[n]
▶ blower

History:

3.	D 2024-08-11 14:39:52 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Merge with 2038820 (ブロワー)
2.	A 2020-08-11 17:12:42 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2020-08-11 07:05:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ブロアー 19526 GG5

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jmdict 2859429 Active (id: 2318808)
八女茶
【やめちゃ】

1.

[n]
▶ Yamecha
▶ Yame tea
▶ [expl] high-quality tea from the Yame area in Fukuoka

History:

6.	A 2024-10-23 10:54:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2024-10-23 05:46:11 Marcus Richert
	Refs:	plenty of googits for "yame tea"
	Comments:	disambigs of this length work better as expl's I feel
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,3 @@ -<gloss>Yamecha (high-quality tea from the Yame area in Fukuoka)</gloss> +<gloss>Yamecha</gloss> +<gloss>Yame tea</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">high-quality tea from the Yame area in Fukuoka</gloss>
4.	A 2024-08-11 21:16:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2024-08-11 17:12:22 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamecha >> Yamecha is a type of tea produced in Fukuoka Prefecture in Japan. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/八女茶 >> 八女茶（やめちゃ）は、主に福岡県八女市・筑後市および八女郡広川町で生産される日本茶のブランド。 https://japanesetea.sg/japanese-tea-pedia/yamecha/ >> [Yamecha is] not considered one of "Japan's 3 Great Teas". That honor goes to the Ujicha, Shizuoka-cha, and the Sayamacha.
	Comments:	I don't know where Hendrik got Shizuoka. The info on the wiki page hasn't been edited since he submitted this entry.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>Yamecha (high-quality tea from the Yame area in Shizuoka)</gloss> +<gloss>Yamecha (high-quality tea from the Yame area in Fukuoka)</gloss>
2.	A 2023-12-04 11:38:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	八女茶 32644
	Diff:	@@ -12,3 +12 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1240690">玉露・1</xref> -<gloss>Yamecha</gloss> -<gloss g_type="expl">top-quality tea from the Yame area in Shizuoka</gloss> +<gloss>Yamecha (high-quality tea from the Yame area in Shizuoka)</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2023-12-04 09:04:20 Hendrik
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/八女茶 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamecha
	Comments:	八女茶 is a special kind of 玉露 from Shizuoka-ken.

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jmdict 2862084 Active (id: 2308601)

プレクーリング

1.

[n]
▶ pre-cooling
▶ cooling one's body before physical activity in hot weather

History:

8.	A 2024-08-12 20:58:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK
7.	A* 2024-08-12 17:35:13 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Or we could just drop intense.
	Diff:	@@ -10 +10 @@ -<gloss>cooling one's body (e.g. before intense physical activity in hot weather)</gloss> +<gloss>cooling one's body before physical activity in hot weather</gloss>
6.	A* 2024-08-11 23:21:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Maybe this?
	Diff:	@@ -10 +10 @@ -<gloss>cooling one's body before intense physical activity in hot weather</gloss> +<gloss>cooling one's body (e.g. before intense physical activity in hot weather)</gloss>
5.	A* 2024-08-11 13:30:00 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Not necessarily before intense physical activity looking at the examples provided.
4.	A 2024-08-11 12:02:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A* 2024-08-11 11:35:51 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think "hot weather" sounds more natural here.
	Diff:	@@ -10 +10 @@ -<gloss>cooling oneself down before beginning an activity in a high temperature</gloss> +<gloss>cooling one's body before intense physical activity in hot weather</gloss>
2.	A 2024-08-09 12:12:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	プレクーリング 326
	Comments:	Has other meanings in English.
	Diff:	@@ -10 +10 @@ -<gloss>cooling oneself down before embarking on an activity in hot weather</gloss> +<gloss>cooling oneself down before beginning an activity in a high temperature</gloss>
1.	A* 2024-08-03 04:44:24
	Refs:	https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/8b7c55693c61902da58f8885ab68fb568dd85932?page=2 熱中症対策の1つに「プレクーリング」があります。これは、屋外の作業などを始める前に、あらかじめ体を冷やしておくことで、作業中に体温が上がるペースを緩やかにする方法です。プレクーリングには、2つの種類があります。 https://www.jpnsport.go.jp/hpsc/Portals/0/resources/jiss/jigyou/pdf/shonetsu2.pdf https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/11303000/001259191.pdf

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jmdict 2862087 Active (id: 2308483)

クールベスト；クール・ベスト

1.

[n] Source lang: eng(wasei) "cool vest"
▶ cooling vest

History:

4.	A 2024-08-11 00:55:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I'm sure I saw it around.
3.	A* 2024-08-10 23:57:28 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_vest
	Comments:	I don't think "cool vest" is used in English.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<lsource ls_wasei="y">cool vest</lsource> @@ -13 +13,0 @@ -<gloss>cool vest</gloss>
2.	A 2024-08-09 11:55:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	クールベスト 7496
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>クール・ベスト</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -9,0 +13 @@ +<gloss>cool vest</gloss>
1.	A* 2024-08-03 04:47:32

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jmdict 2862107 Active (id: 2308490)
沸かし器
【わかしき】

1.

[n]
▶ urn (for hot water)
▶ pot
▶ boiler

History:

2.	A 2024-08-11 06:58:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	WWW images
	Comments:	Not sure percolator is a good fit.
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12,3 @@ -<gloss>pot, urn (for coffee, tea)</gloss> -<gloss>percolator</gloss> +<gloss>urn (for hot water)</gloss> +<gloss>pot</gloss> +<gloss>boiler</gloss>
1.	A* 2024-08-04 12:29:51 mark dufour <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	eijiro, reverso context
	Comments:	沸かし器 669 コーヒー沸かし器 323

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jmdict 2862110 Active (id: 2308593)
階段を上がる；階段をあがる [sK]
【かいだんをあがる】

1.

[exp,v5r]
▶ to go up the stairs
▶ to climb the stairs

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2024-08-12 17:54:12 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -16,0 +18 @@ +<gloss>to climb the stairs</gloss>
2.	A 2024-08-11 06:48:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Quiet
1.	A* 2024-08-04 22:20:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	階段を上る 69708 階段を登る 45043 階段を上がる 47143 階段をのぼる 10232 階段をあがる 5915 Tanaka: この階段を上がっていきなさい。 Go up these stairs.
	Comments:	Common; matching 階段を上る. If approved I'll reindex the sentence.

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jmdict 2862154 Active (id: 2308482)
山谷
【さんこく】

1.	[n] ▶ mountains and valleys
2.	[n] ▶ mountainous valley

History:

3.	A 2024-08-11 00:10:54 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	It's really two senses.
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13,3 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos>
2.	A 2024-08-09 11:18:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Perhaps we should have the other 山谷 terms.
1.	A* 2024-08-09 02:16:07 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://kotobank.jp/word/山谷-71554

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jmdict 2862157 Active (id: 2308837)
一口大；ひと口大 [sK]
【ひとくちだい】

1.

[adj-no,n]
▶ bite-size
▶ bite-sized

History:

5.	A 2024-08-15 23:40:41 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	<20%
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
4.	A 2024-08-14 02:41:30 Syed Raza <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: 一口大　 172,136 87.0% ひと口大 25,770 13.0%
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>ひと口大</keb>
3.	A 2024-08-11 00:08:18 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +11 @@ +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -12 +12,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -13,0 +14 @@ +<gloss>bite-sized</gloss>
2.	A 2024-08-09 08:34:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
1.	A* 2024-08-09 08:23:11 GM <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	一口大 172,136 デジタル大辞泉

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jmdict 2862168 Active (id: 2308591)

てって

1.

[n] [chn]
▶ hand
▶ hands

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2662920 【てて】 1. hand; hands

History:

2.	A 2024-08-12 17:35:47 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -9 +9 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2662920">手々</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2662920">てて</xref>
1.	A 2024-08-11 07:00:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Split from 2662920.

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jmdict 2862169 Deleted (id: 2308508)
担当教授
【たんとうきょうじゅ】

1.

[n]
▶ ???

History:

2.	D 2024-08-11 13:39:16 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2024-08-11 13:08:40

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jmnedict 5045967 Active (id: 2308494)

セドリック

1.

[male]
▶ Cedric

History:

1.	A 2024-08-11 07:05:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -8 +8 @@ -<misc>&unclass;</misc> +<misc>&male;</misc>

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jmnedict 5746979 Active (id: 2308532)
米田信夫
【よねだのぶお】

1.

[person]
▶ Nobuo Yoneda (1930.3.28-1996.4.22; mathematician and computer scientist)

History:

3.	A 2024-08-11 23:54:14 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	We don't include the nationality for Japanese names.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>Nobuo Yoneda (1930.3.28-1996.4.22; Japanese mathematician & computer scientist)</gloss> +<gloss>Nobuo Yoneda (1930.3.28-1996.4.22; mathematician and computer scientist)</gloss>
2.	A 2024-08-10 21:03:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2024-08-10 18:09:42 matsugase <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/米田信夫

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24.	A 2024-08-11 23:57:13 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Unnecessary x-ref.
	Diff:	@@ -39 +38,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1436900">泥・1</xref>
23.	A 2023-11-13 00:13:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
22.	A* 2023-11-13 00:12:15 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Since "thick" has many meanings, I don't think it works well as the first gloss. The example sentence was indexed to the other ドロドロ entry. I updated it to point to this one (泥々[1]{どろどろ}~)
	Diff:	@@ -28 +27,0 @@ -<gloss>thick</gloss> @@ -31,0 +31 @@ +<gloss>thick</gloss>
21.	A 2023-10-27 22:05:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Certainly
	Diff:	@@ -7 +6,0 @@ -<ke_pri>ichi1</ke_pri>
20.	A* 2023-10-27 18:02:40 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Can we remove the priority tag from 泥々?
(show/hide 19 older log entries)
19.	A 2018-10-28 12:58:52 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Yes, it should be iK.
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6 @@ +<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf> @@ -9,0 +11 @@ +<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf>
18.	A* 2018-10-28 01:51:15 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I agree withthe split, but shouldn't the kanji be tagged iK? As it stands now, you get the impression 泥々 is normal, correct usage, while it's quite unusual and probably not acceptable in formal writing. I think we have several other entries where similar "creative ortography" is tagged iK.
17.	A* 2018-10-26 23:09:41 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Reopen.
16.	A 2018-10-26 23:09:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK, I've put the kanji back, split sense 4 off into its own entry and added back the "uk" tags. I'll self-approve, then reopen to keep it visible for a while.
	Diff:	@@ -4,4 +4,7 @@ -<r_ele> -<reb>ドロドロ</reb> -<re_pri>spec1</re_pri> -</r_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>泥々</keb> +<ke_pri>ichi1</ke_pri> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>泥泥</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -10,0 +14,5 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ドロドロ</reb> +<re_nokanji/> +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri> @@ -17,0 +26 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -30,0 +40 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -37,0 +48 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -42,7 +52,0 @@ -<sense> -<pos>&adv;</pos> -<pos>&adv-to;</pos> -<misc>&on-mim;</misc> -<gloss>rumbling (of thunder, drums, etc.)</gloss> -<gloss>booming</gloss> -</sense>
15.	A* 2018-10-26 01:27:54 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't object to having 泥々 as a headword. I proposed a split because I assumed the kanji was only used for one sense. However, I don't think sense 4 belongs in this entry if we add the kanji back in. In daijr and daijs, it's considered a separate word. I think that's the right approach.
14.	A* 2018-10-24 11:23:23 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think it's been decided we're going to keep the two entries separate (事務所 and 事ム所). Robin argued (and I agreed) that if we do want to record that form somewhere, it should be in the 事務所 entry. 泥々 isn't all that much more common than 事ム所 in the google ngrams (1633 vs 752) but on twitter, 泥々 gets 14 hits past 24 hours vs. 1 for 事ム所. So I do think 泥々 is worth recording and as it does apply to senses 1-3, I think all the options but including it in the kanji field is just creating a big mess. If the kanji is marked iK and the senses uk, I think that should be enough.
13.	A* 2018-10-24 07:41:51 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	i guess the question is kind of whether it belongs as a headword or not. i think this is not dissimilar to the 事ム所 case, where we have a headword where there's clearly nothing wrong with it, but it's not supported by any dictionary. in that case, it was decided to keep the two entries separate even though if it had been added to the 事務所 entry, it would simply have been a secondary headword. should we really make 泥々 the only headword here when it is not supported by any kokugo dictionary?
12.	A* 2018-10-24 03:22:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think Marcus has demonstrated that 泥々/泥泥 can be used for the first 3 senses. I think the cleanest thing is to reinstate them, and add a comment to sense 4 that it's kana-only. Sense 4 could conceivably go into it's own entry, but I feel that's a bit of overkill. If no-one objects, I'll make that change.
11.	A* 2018-10-21 10:04:03 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I proposed a split because I didn't think you could add a "kana only" restriction to a sense.
10.	A* 2018-10-21 00:52:10 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	twitter sense 1: コンビニで新作ハーゲンダッツのあんこ抹茶味買ってルンルン気分で自部屋戻り冷蔵庫の冷凍庫らしき所に入れて翌日、冷蔵庫開けたら説明書があって (見てなかった)こちらはアイスクリームは貯蔵出来ません。と…ハッと気づき開封してみたら泥々に溶けていたときのショックは凄まじかった… (22h ago) sense 2: 昨日稲刈りをしたんですけど、毎日連日お天気なのに、何で足場が泥々なんだろうって、思いながら作業してました～ (5h ago) sense 3: "泥々な展開" (8h ago) I checked twitter and I see lots of evidence for 泥々 for senses 1-3 within the past 24 hrs. Sense 3 seems the most common. I think we should just add the kanji back in (and add a restr for sense 4). I can't recall we've interpreted the 2/3 rule as "it has to apply to all senses" before (then what's the point of restr anyway?).
9.	A* 2018-10-20 22:56:00 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	reopen. i have not added the new entry for 泥泥 since it is unclear which senses it applies to because it was added with a pretty vague reference
8.	A 2018-10-20 22:54:44 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	i agree. fails 2/3 rule since it doesn't apply to all of the senses. do we have a good sense of which senses it actually does apply to? surely #2. possibly also sense 1? in addition, looking back at the history, an ichi tag was moved, which is not appropriate. ichi tag should remain on the hiragana, and a spec tag should be added to the katakana
	Diff:	@@ -4,6 +4,4 @@ -<k_ele> -<keb>泥々</keb> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>泥泥</keb> -</k_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ドロドロ</reb> +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri> +</r_ele> @@ -12,4 +9,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>ドロドロ</reb> -<re_nokanji/> @@ -24 +17,0 @@ -<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -38 +30,0 @@ -<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -46 +37,0 @@ -<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -55 +45,0 @@ -<misc>&uk;</misc>
7.	A* 2018-10-19 21:08:44 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, daij
	Comments:	I think a separate entry should be made for 泥々 with sense 2 only. It doesn't appear to apply to the other senses (and it's non-standard, anyway). Added more glosses.
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -21,2 +22 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<pos>&adv-to;</pos> @@ -24,0 +25,5 @@ +<gloss>thick</gloss> +<gloss>viscous</gloss> +<gloss>mushy</gloss> +<gloss>pulpy</gloss> +<gloss>slushy</gloss> @@ -26 +31 @@ -<gloss>muddled</gloss> +<gloss>sticky</gloss> @@ -29,0 +35 @@ +<pos>&adj-na;</pos> @@ -30,0 +37 @@ +<misc>&on-mim;</misc> @@ -32,0 +40 @@ +<gloss>dirty (with oil, grease, etc.)</gloss> @@ -36,4 +43,0 @@ -<misc>&uk;</misc> -<gloss>sordid</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> @@ -43,3 +47,11 @@ -<gloss>rumble (e.g. of drums, of thunder)</gloss> -<gloss>peal</gloss> -<gloss>boom</gloss> +<gloss>to be in an ugly state (of emotions, relations, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>to be murky</gloss> +<gloss>to be sordid</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adv;</pos> +<pos>&adv-to;</pos> +<misc>&on-mim;</misc> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>rumbling (of thunder, drums, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>booming</gloss>
6.	A 2016-11-09 09:51:36 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: 泥々 1633 泥泥 1852 どろどろ 230353 ドロドロ 599488
	Diff:	@@ -12 +11,0 @@ -<re_pri>ichi1</re_pri> @@ -16,0 +16 @@ +<re_pri>ichi1</re_pri>
5.	A 2013-09-19 05:44:39 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	just a note, meant to say 20 hits on twitter in the past _24 hours_.
4.	A 2013-09-19 05:21:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I can see 泥々 being used for "muddy" at least. Not iK; I think it's more creative orthography.
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>泥泥</keb>
3.	A* 2013-09-19 04:20:49 Marcus Richert
	Refs:	http://yomikatawa.com/泥々 20 hits on twitter the past hour, for example https://twitter.com/r_arashiyama/status/380490391243337728 "本日も嵐山は晴天！真っ青な空と対照的に川の水はまだ泥々です。渡月橋北側の被災した店舗２０軒の内、２軒を残して全て営業を再開！南側は少し時間がかかりそうですが、中之島と旅館の地区が復旧に全力で取り組んでいます。応援宜しくお願いします！ "
	Comments:	... but not listed in daij, nikk, etc. ik?
	Diff:	@@ -4,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>泥々</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -10,0 +13,1 @@ +<re_nokanji/> @@ -17,0 +21,1 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -23,0 +28,1 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -27,0 +33,1 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -32,0 +39,1 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
2.	A 2012-05-04 22:19:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-05-04 12:44:24 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 daijr koj
	Comments:	More defns (heard used to mean “muddy” a lot)
	Diff:	@@ -20,0 +20,16 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1436900">泥</xref> +<gloss>muddy</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<gloss>sordid</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adv-to;</pos> +<misc>&on-mim;</misc> +<gloss>rumble (e.g. of drums, of thunder)</gloss> +<gloss>peal</gloss> +<gloss>boom</gloss> +</sense>

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