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jmdict 1002750 Active (id: 2319769)
お話中 [news1,nf18] お話し中御話し中 [sK] 御話中 [sK]
おはなしちゅう [news1,nf18]
1. [adj-no] [pol]
▶ busy (phone)
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1600920 話中 1. busy (phone)



History:
4. A 2024-10-31 20:08:10  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2024-10-31 15:06:21  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ お話し中    │  4,922 │ 21.0% │
│ お話中     │ 18,397 │ 78.5% │ - move up
│ 御話し中    │      0 │  0.0% │ - sK
│ 御話中     │     20 │  0.1% │ - sK
│ おはなしちゅう │    110 │  0.5% │
╰─ーーーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -5 +5 @@
-<keb>お話し中</keb>
+<keb>お話中</keb>
@@ -10 +10 @@
-<keb>お話中</keb>
+<keb>お話し中</keb>
@@ -13,0 +14 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -16,0 +18 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2. A 2011-11-29 10:27:38  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Done.
  Diff:
@@ -25,1 +25,0 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
1. A* 2011-11-15 07:41:51  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
nikk
  Comments:
should either be rephrased as a noun or listed as adj-no
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +12,6 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>御話し中</keb>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>御話中</keb>
+</k_ele>
@@ -18,0 +24,1 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -19,0 +26,2 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1600920">話中</xref>
+<misc>&pol;</misc>

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jmdict 1091990 Active (id: 2319770)

ニューラル
1. [adj-f]
▶ neural



History:
2. A 2024-10-31 20:10:28  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2024-10-31 03:54:02  Marcus Richert
  Refs:
ニューラルネットワーク	60193	  
ニューラルネット	17903	  
ニューラルネットワークを	12828	  
ニューラルネットワークの	11863	  
ニューラルネットの	3747	  
ニューラルネットワークと	3131	  
ニューラルネットを	2762	  
ニューラルネットによる	2588	  
ニューラルネットワークに	1826	  
ニューラル・ネットワーク	1754	  
ニューラル	1674
  Comments:
saw ニューラルフィルター in photoshop ad
  Diff:
@@ -8 +8 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&adj-f;</pos>

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jmdict 1120480 Deleted (id: 2319765)

ページャ
1. [n]
▶ pager



History:
2. D 2024-10-31 17:33:38  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
1. D* 2024-10-31 17:15:57 
  Comments:
merge with 2329400

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1182370 Active (id: 2319772)
柘植黄楊
つげ [gikun] ツゲ (nokanji)
1. [n] [uk]
▶ Japanese box tree (Buxus microphylla var. japonica)
▶ Japanese boxwood
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2228770 朝熊黄楊【あさまつげ】 1. Japanese box tree (Buxus microphylla var. japonica)



History:
8. A 2024-10-31 20:22:33  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Don't use it in these sorts of entries.
  Diff:
@@ -20 +19,0 @@
-<field>&bot;</field>
7. A* 2024-10-31 15:12:58  parfait8
  Refs:
sankoku, smk, daijr, etc.

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 柘植 │  88,525 │ 22.1% │ move up
│ 黄楊 │  17,433 │  4.4% │
│ つげ │ 258,749 │ 64.7% │
│ ツゲ │  35,030 │  8.8% │
╰─ーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
  Comments:
not sure if [bot] is appropriate here
  Diff:
@@ -5 +5 @@
-<keb>黄楊</keb>
+<keb>柘植</keb>
@@ -8 +8 @@
-<keb>柘植</keb>
+<keb>黄楊</keb>
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<re_inf>&gikun;</re_inf>
@@ -18,0 +20 @@
+<field>&bot;</field>
6. A 2020-04-29 06:21:44  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
All that is true, but it doesn't mean that 柘/つげ belongs in this entry. You haven't produced any evidence that it has the meaning "Japanese box tree/Japanese boxwood". Without that, there's no case for adding it here.
  Diff:
@@ -9,3 +8,0 @@
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>柘</keb>
5. A* 2020-04-29 02:18:35 
  Refs:
https://www.inkan-takumi.com/service/material_tsuge.html
https://xn--wlr53q.net/tsuge.html
https://innkan.com/tsuge/
https://www.kirei-inei.net/m/hanko_tsuge_01/
in respect to inkan, 柘 by itself is obviously used, and obviously read "tsuge". My IME also brings up "柘" for つげ
  Diff:
@@ -8,0 +9,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>柘</keb>
4. A 2020-04-29 01:33:32  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
True, but the kun reading of 柘 is almost totally confined to place, family and given names. No documented source of it used in this sense.
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

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jmdict 1208350 Active (id: 2319715)
活性炭 [news2,nf29]
かっせいたん [news2,nf29]
1. [n]
▶ activated carbon
▶ activated charcoal



History:
3. A 2024-10-31 02:04:18  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Leading with the more common term.
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16 @@
+<gloss>activated carbon</gloss>
@@ -17 +17,0 @@
-<gloss>activated carbon</gloss>
2. A 2014-10-23 06:54:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2014-10-23 06:31:42  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
enwiki etc.
  Diff:
@@ -16,0 +17 @@
+<gloss>activated carbon</gloss>

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jmdict 1249950 Active (id: 2319709)
兄姉 [news2,nf43]
けいし [news2,nf43] きょうだい [gikun]
1. [n] [form]
▶ older brother and older sister



History:
4. A 2024-10-31 00:36:18  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2024-10-21 04:37:50  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Meikyo, shinsen, and sankoku all have 文章語 tags for けいし.

Meikyo mentions the きょうだい gikun for 兄姉 in its entry for 兄弟.

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーー─┬────────╮
│ 兄姉 │ 35,068 │
╰─ーー─┴────────╯
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +11,2 @@
+<re_pri>news2</re_pri>
+<re_pri>nf43</re_pri>
@@ -15,2 +16,0 @@
-<re_pri>news2</re_pri>
-<re_pri>nf43</re_pri>
@@ -19,0 +20 @@
+<misc>&form;</misc>
2. A* 2024-10-19 08:56:41  parfait8
  Diff:
@@ -20 +20 @@
-<gloss>brother and sister</gloss>
+<gloss>older brother and older sister</gloss>
1. A* 2024-10-19 06:05:50 
  Comments:
align with other きょうだい entries
  Diff:
@@ -14 +14 @@
-<re_inf>&ik;</re_inf>
+<re_inf>&gikun;</re_inf>

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jmdict 1288490 Active (id: 2319722)
呆ける [ichi1] 惚ける [ichi1] 耄ける [rK]
ボケる (nokanji)ぼける [ichi1]
1. [v1,vi] [uk]
▶ to grow senile
▶ to be childish with age
2. [v1,vi] [uk]
▶ to be mentally slow
▶ to be befuddled
3. [v1,vi] [uk]
▶ to play stupid
▶ to say something stupid (oft. on purpose; esp. as part of a comedic routine)

Conjugations


History:
8. A 2024-10-31 03:15:08  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I guess so.
7. A* 2024-10-21 19:13:38  parfait8
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 呆けて │  34,402 │ 12.3% │
│ 惚けて │  12,657 │  4.5% │
│ 耄けて │      72 │  0.0% │ add rK
│ ボケて │ 232,378 │ 83.1% │ move up
╰─ーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
  Comments:
remove reading restriction, 耄ける/ぼける is in smk and saito
i think it might be best to split out ほうける, the form frequency seems different according to refs and it'd remove the necessity of sense restrictions
there's 蓬ける which is only used for a sense not currently present that is only used for ほうける
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +14 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -15,9 +15,0 @@
-<r_ele>
-<reb>ぼける</reb>
-<re_restr>呆ける</re_restr>
-<re_restr>惚ける</re_restr>
-<re_pri>ichi1</re_pri>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>ほうける</reb>
-</r_ele>
@@ -26,0 +19,4 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ぼける</reb>
+<re_pri>ichi1</re_pri>
@@ -48,8 +43,0 @@
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<stagr>ほうける</stagr>
-<pos>&aux-v;</pos>
-<pos>&v1;</pos>
-<s_inf>after -masu stem of verb</s_inf>
-<gloss>to become engrossed in</gloss>
-<gloss>to become absorbed in</gloss>
6. A 2019-05-12 13:21:28  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5
  Diff:
@@ -53,3 +53,3 @@
-<pos>&vi;</pos>
-<s_inf>after masu stem of verb</s_inf>
-<gloss>to become engrossed (in something)</gloss>
+<s_inf>after -masu stem of verb</s_inf>
+<gloss>to become engrossed in</gloss>
+<gloss>to become absorbed in</gloss>
5. A* 2019-05-12 06:47:30  Noa
  Refs:
Daijisen
  Diff:
@@ -50,0 +51 @@
+<pos>&aux-v;</pos>
@@ -52,0 +54 @@
+<s_inf>after masu stem of verb</s_inf>
4. A 2015-02-04 02:46:13  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

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jmdict 1318300 Active (id: 2319725)
自転車をこぐ自転車を漕ぐ
じてんしゃをこぐ
1. [exp,v5g]
▶ to pedal a bicycle
▶ to ride a bicycle
▶ to cycle
▶ to bike

Conjugations


History:
9. A 2024-10-31 03:38:13  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Can help reverse lookups.
  Diff:
@@ -18,0 +19 @@
+<gloss>to bike</gloss>
8. A* 2024-10-31 03:23:52  Marcus Richert
  Comments:
Isn't it convenient to have them somewhere for reverse look-ups, if nothing else? "to bike" might be informal but it's very common.
7. A 2024-10-30 10:36:07  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
"bike" is very informal.
  Diff:
@@ -16,4 +16,2 @@
-<gloss>to pedal a bike</gloss>
-<gloss>to ride a bike</gloss>
-<gloss>to bike</gloss>
-<gloss>to bicycle</gloss>
+<gloss>to pedal a bicycle</gloss>
+<gloss>to ride a bicycle</gloss>
6. A* 2024-10-30 05:44:34  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/bicycle
  Diff:
@@ -18,0 +19,2 @@
+<gloss>to bicycle</gloss>
+<gloss>to cycle</gloss>
5. A* 2024-10-30 03:46:34  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -16,0 +17 @@
+<gloss>to ride a bike</gloss>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1323360 Active (id: 2319951)
蛇の目 [news1,nf14] 蛇目 [sK] 蛇ノ目 [sK]
じゃのめ [news1,nf14] ジャノメ [sk]
1. [n]
▶ bull's-eye (pattern)
▶ double ring (pattern)
2. [n] [abbr]
▶ umbrella with bull's-eye pattern
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2264300 蛇の目傘 1. paper umbrella (with a bull's-eye design)



History:
6. A 2024-11-03 01:33:18  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Looks like ジャノメ is usually the company.
  Diff:
@@ -24 +24 @@
-<re_nokanji/>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
5. A 2024-10-31 06:07:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
蛇の目	58381	94.7%
蛇目	2475	4.0%
蛇ノ目	824	1.3%
  Comments:
See deleted 5345239.
  Diff:
@@ -7,0 +8,8 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>蛇目</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>蛇ノ目</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
4. A 2021-07-29 21:26:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2021-07-29 19:48:34  Tyler Winn <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
蛇の目	58381
ジャノメ	21386 // probably some crossfire from the sewing machine 
brand, which dominates google images

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCXNUoaki5SOHCPv315zUnsg/about
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13,4 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ジャノメ</reb>
+<re_nokanji/>
2. A 2012-09-27 02:22:54  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
koj, daij
  Diff:
@@ -22,0 +22,1 @@
+<misc>&abbr;</misc>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1332980 Active (id: 2319708)
終日 [news1,nf05]
しゅうじつ [news1,nf05]
1. [n,adv]
▶ all day
▶ for a whole day



History:
4. A 2024-10-31 00:35:22  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Reindexed.
3. A* 2024-10-28 06:02:31  parfait8
  Comments:
ひねもす is only used adverbially and seems [poet] (sankoku, daijr/s, smk, iwakoku which also says [adj-no]/[adj-na], shinkoku)
ひめもす is an archaic ひねもす (daijr/s, koj)
ひもすがら is only used adverbially and has a 日もすがら form
i'm splitting them out

wwwjdic audio is しゅうじつ, sentence #235809 is very likely for しゅうじつ as well though the reading should be specified
  Diff:
@@ -13,9 +12,0 @@
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>ひねもす</reb>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>ひめもす</reb>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>ひもすがら</reb>
2. A 2021-03-31 04:34:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Bulk update n-adv to n,adv
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -24 +24,2 @@
-<pos>&n-adv;</pos>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&adv;</pos>
1. A 2021-03-10 00:32:15  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Bulk update: Removal of n-t POS
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -25 +24,0 @@
-<pos>&n-t;</pos>

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jmdict 1379400 Active (id: 2319726)
生年
せいねん
1. [n]
▶ year of a person's birth
2. [n]
《e.g. 生年35歳》
▶ age



History:
5. A 2024-10-31 03:38:43  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2024-10-31 02:25:33  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I'll split out しょうねん.
I don't think it's a prefix. The note explains how it's used.
  Diff:
@@ -10,3 +9,0 @@
-<r_ele>
-<reb>しょうねん</reb>
-</r_ele>
@@ -14 +10,0 @@
-<stagr>せいねん</stagr>
@@ -20 +15,0 @@
-<pos>&n-pref;</pos>
@@ -22 +16,0 @@
-<gloss>number of years since one's birth</gloss>
3. A* 2024-10-28 06:11:13  parfait8
  Comments:
生年/しょうねん is tagged as 文 by sankoku and smk says "「年齢」の意の古風な表現。"
maybe worth a split (wjdic audio is せいねん)
2. A 2017-02-22 04:49:06  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2017-02-21 17:02:28  Robin Scott
  Refs:
daijr, daijs
  Comments:
Split into senses.
  Diff:
@@ -9,0 +10,8 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>しょうねん</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<sense>
+<stagr>せいねん</stagr>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>year of a person's birth</gloss>
+</sense>
@@ -12 +20,3 @@
-<gloss>the year of a person's birth</gloss>
+<pos>&n-pref;</pos>
+<s_inf>e.g. 生年35歳</s_inf>
+<gloss>number of years since one's birth</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1397310 Active (id: 2319760)
素早い [ichi1,news1,nf13] 素速い [rK] す早い [sK] す速い [sK] 素ばやい [sK]
すばやい [ichi1,news1,nf13]
1. [adj-i]
▶ quick
▶ swift
▶ nimble
▶ agile
2. [adj-i]
▶ quick (understanding, judgement, etc.)
▶ alert
▶ prompt

Conjugations


History:
5. A 2024-10-31 16:31:30  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Iwakoku has "素ばやい" in its entry for 手ばしこい.

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 素早い  │ 644,370 │ 73.0% │
│ 素速い  │   3,779 │  0.4% │ - rK (kokugos)
│ す早い  │     610 │  0.1% │ - sK
│ す速い  │     190 │  0.0% │ - sK
│ 素ばやい │       0 │  0.0% │ - add
│ すばやい │ 234,024 │ 26.5% │
╰─ーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -14,0 +16 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -17,0 +20,5 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>素ばやい</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
4. A 2020-05-13 20:30:44  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2020-05-13 19:26:18  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog
素早く	1526194
素速く	7101
す早く	2720
す速く	431
  Comments:
I saw す早く in a daijr entry.
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13,6 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>す早い</keb>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>す速い</keb>
+</k_ele>
@@ -21 +26,0 @@
-<gloss>fast</gloss>
@@ -23 +28 @@
-<gloss>prompt</gloss>
+<gloss>swift</gloss>
@@ -29,2 +34,3 @@
-<gloss>quick (to understand)</gloss>
-<gloss>sharp (judgement)</gloss>
+<gloss>quick (understanding, judgement, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>alert</gloss>
+<gloss>prompt</gloss>
2. A 2014-10-05 03:31:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2014-10-05 02:19:10  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
upgrading usage tags to match deleted entry for 素早く
  Diff:
@@ -7,2 +7,2 @@
-<ke_pri>news2</ke_pri>
-<ke_pri>nf45</ke_pri>
+<ke_pri>news1</ke_pri>
+<ke_pri>nf13</ke_pri>
@@ -16,2 +16,2 @@
-<re_pri>news2</re_pri>
-<re_pri>nf45</re_pri>
+<re_pri>news1</re_pri>
+<re_pri>nf13</re_pri>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1400530 Active (id: 2319714)
漕ぐ [ichi1]
こぐ [ichi1]
1. [v5g,vt] [uk]
▶ to row
▶ to paddle
▶ to scull
▶ to pull (the oars)
2. [v5g,vt] [uk]
▶ to pedal (a bicycle, etc.)
3. [v5g,vt] [uk]
▶ to swing (on a swing)
4. [v5g,vt] [uk]
▶ to work (a hand pump)
5. [v5g,vt] [uk]
▶ to push through (a thicket, deep snow, etc.)

Conjugations


History:
11. A 2024-10-31 00:59:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
10. A* 2024-10-30 11:19:39  Marcus Richert
  Refs:
sense 3 (well 2 as well)
立ちこぎ	16605	58.2%
立ち漕ぎ	11935	41.8%

sense 5
雪をこいで	477	56.8%
雪を漕いで	363	43.2%
 gonna assume sense 4 is uk too. (it's not a separate sense in the kokugos)
  Diff:
@@ -29,0 +30 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
@@ -34,0 +36 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
@@ -39,0 +42 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
9. A 2024-10-30 11:12:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8. A* 2024-10-30 06:59:00  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
see 自転車をこぐ

prob safe to tag the remaining senses as uk too?
  Diff:
@@ -23,0 +24 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
7. A 2023-10-16 19:46:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1469000 Active (id: 2351225)
年中 [ichi1,news1,nf16] 年じゅう [sK]
ねんじゅう [ichi1,news1,nf16] ねんちゅうねんぢゅう
1. [n]
▶ whole year
▶ all year round
▶ throughout the year
2. (ねんじゅう,ねんぢゅう only) [adv]
▶ always
▶ all the time
▶ perpetually
3. [n]
▶ during an era
4. (ねんちゅう only) [n]
▶ second-year kindergarten student



History:
12. A 2025-11-10 22:19:02  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬───────────┬───────╮
│ 年中    │ 3,578,506 │ 99.7% │
│ 年じゅう  │     8,535 │  0.2% │ - sK
│ ねんじゅう │     1,911 │  0.1% │
│ ねんちゅう │       902 │  0.0% │
│ ねんぢゅう │         0 │  0.0% │
╰─ーーーーー─┴───────────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -21 +21,0 @@
-<re_restr>年中</re_restr>
@@ -25 +24,0 @@
-<re_restr>年中</re_restr>
11. A 2024-11-01 00:15:08  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
without a mention in the 幼稚園 entry that it's a 3 year system in Japan, the xref is pointless.
  Diff:
@@ -48 +47,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1545260">幼稚園</xref>
10. A 2024-10-31 05:52:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9. A* 2024-10-30 11:13:47  Marcus Richert
  Comments:
I think it's better to define sense 4 as a student then as a class. daijs does this: 幼稚園・保育園で、4歳児。
Interesting we had this sense for 年中 but not 年少 or 年長...

The x-ref might help Americans confused by the fact that in the US, kindergarten is just 1 year.
  Diff:
@@ -48 +48,3 @@
-<gloss>middle class (of a nursery school, etc.)</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="1545260">幼稚園</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1545260">幼稚園</xref>
+<gloss>second-year kindergarten student</gloss>
8. A 2017-10-29 15:41:28  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Ok, I don't have a problem with keeping it.
Meikyo wasn't one of the refs you listed. I assumed the reading was added in error.
(show/hide 7 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1507570 Active (id: 2319973)
平素 [news2,nf36]
へいそ [news2,nf36]
1. [adj-no,n]
▶ usual
▶ ordinary
▶ normal
▶ regular
▶ everyday
2. [adv]
▶ ordinarily
▶ normally
▶ usually



History:
6. A 2024-11-03 03:20:47  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
The count for 平素が hardly supports it being a noun.
5. A* 2024-11-03 01:14:46  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog, luminous, daij
gg5: 平素から注意深い always be [have always been] careful
     平素のとおり as usual
  Comments:
It is a noun.
We usually have [adv] as a separate sense.
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16,8 @@
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>usual</gloss>
+<gloss>ordinary</gloss>
+<gloss>normal</gloss>
+<gloss>regular</gloss>
+<gloss>everyday</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
@@ -17,4 +25,3 @@
-<gloss>ordinary</gloss>
-<gloss>in the past</gloss>
-<gloss>usual</gloss>
-<gloss>regular</gloss>
+<gloss>ordinarily</gloss>
+<gloss>normally</gloss>
+<gloss>usually</gloss>
4. A 2024-10-31 00:53:31  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
平素	244820
平素は	125575
平素が	101
平素な	556
平素の	19022
  Comments:
Glosses much the same as in the JEs. Certainly not a noun.
3. A* 2024-10-30 23:45:36  Marcus Richert
  Refs:
mk 「━の努力が実を結ぶ」
daijr 「━の行い」
daijs 「平素の努力」
  Comments:
glosses need some clean up? Not sure adj-no should lead but most of the glosses are currently adjectives
  Diff:
@@ -15 +15 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
2. A 2021-03-31 04:44:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Bulk update n-adv to n,adv
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -15 +15,2 @@
-<pos>&n-adv;</pos>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&adv;</pos>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1513300 Active (id: 2320901)
保育園 [ichi1]
ほいくえん [ichi1]
1. [n]
▶ nursery school
▶ day nursery
▶ day care center
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2685040 保育室【ほいくしつ】 1. nursery school; day nursery
  ⇐ see: 2854424 園【えん】 2. kindergarten; nursery school; preschool



History:
4. A 2024-11-11 02:50:11  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -16 +16 @@
-<gloss>day-care center</gloss>
+<gloss>day care center</gloss>
3. A* 2024-10-31 03:49:24  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Aligning with 保育所.
  Diff:
@@ -16 +16 @@
-<gloss>preschool</gloss>
+<gloss>day-care center</gloss>
2. A 2012-12-27 03:56:53  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-12-27 01:51:49  winnie <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
http://globalvillage.citylife-new.com/tag保育園  
http://www.berlitz.co.jp/wm/06/1114.htm
  Diff:
@@ -16,0 +16,1 @@
+<gloss>preschool</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1522030 Active (id: 2319716)
没年 [news2,nf44] 歿年 [rK]
ぼつねん [news2,nf44]
1. [n]
▶ year of a person's death
2. [n]
▶ one's age at death



History:
4. A 2024-10-31 02:15:35  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Prog, luminous and chujiten only have "year of one's death". Wisdom also leads with it. I think the current order is fine.
  Diff:
@@ -20 +20 @@
-<gloss>one's age at death</gloss>
+<gloss>year of a person's death</gloss>
@@ -24 +24 @@
-<gloss>year of someone's death</gloss>
+<gloss>one's age at death</gloss>
3. A* 2024-10-28 06:11:37  parfait8
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 没年   │ 47,716 │ 96.8% │
│ 歿年   │  1,100 │  2.2% │ add rk
│ ぼつねん │    463 │  0.9% │
╰─ーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
  Comments:
pretty much all my refs except smk, daijs and obunsha lead with the second sense
i think "someone's age" would be better than "one's age" here, but it's what the 享年 entry has
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +11 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -19 +20 @@
-<gloss>year of a person's death</gloss>
+<gloss>one's age at death</gloss>
@@ -23,2 +24 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1233300">享年</xref>
-<gloss>one's age at death</gloss>
+<gloss>year of someone's death</gloss>
2. A 2017-02-22 04:50:30  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2017-02-21 16:45:00  Robin Scott
  Refs:
daijr, daijs
  Comments:
Added sense.
  Diff:
@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>歿年</keb>
@@ -15,0 +19,5 @@
+<gloss>year of a person's death</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1233300">享年</xref>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1545260 Active (id: 2321037)
幼稚園 [ichi1,news1,nf07]
ようちえん [ichi1,news1,nf07]
1. [n]
▶ kindergarten (in Japan, non-compulsory education from age 3 until primary school)
▶ preschool
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2854424 園【えん】 2. kindergarten; nursery school; preschool



History:
13. A 2024-11-12 05:48:29  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I can live with this.
12. A* 2024-11-11 03:13:02  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://www.wokingham.gov.uk/children-families-and-young-people/children-and-families/childcare-pre-schools-and-nurseries/starting-nursery-or-preschool
"Day nurseries can care for children normally from around 3 months up until compulsory school age. "
"Preschools are often run by a voluntary committee. Normally they care for children from 3 years old, up until compulsory school age although some now care for children from 2 years old. "

https://directories.merton.gov.uk/kb5/merton/directory/advice.page;jsessionid=693DA256A03E72D7586A764F23E04D56?id=Rl5dFEqueTw
Day nurseries offer full-time or part-time childcare for children, often from 6 weeks old. Day nurseries are usually open from 8am to 6pm.
Preschools offer childcare in sessions which range from 2 ½ to 4 hours, either mornings or afternoons, and cater for children from the age of 2. They are usually only open during school term time and not for the whole day. Preschools are sometimes called playgroups or kindergartens and also include Montessori schools.

https://familyserviceshub.havering.gov.uk/kb5/havering/directory/advice.page?id=Ghwqqw8JUYI
Up to 2 years old: If you need childcare before your child is 2 years then either a registered childminder or day nursery would suit your needs.  ...
2 years old: When your child reaches 2 you may want to consider an early years childcare place available at preschools, Day Nurseries, Childminders and at some schools with nurseries.


The Oxford Learner's dictionary is vague and unclear about this distinction, but it becomes very apparent when looking through the google results. Seems like kindergarten is not commonly used in the UK and while actual usage seems to align with how it's used in the US, the OEL suggests that in British use, it's a synonym to nursery school. Which it actually defines as "school for children between the ages of about two and five" which. again, doesn't mesh at all with what I'm actually seeing on site:gov.uk /site:uk sites.
  Comments:
I think precisely because there is a lot of confusion and different terms in use in the Anglosphere (and beyond), we really ought to explain exactly what this refers to in Japanese.
  Diff:
@@ -18 +18 @@
-<gloss>kindergarten</gloss>
+<gloss>kindergarten (in Japan, non-compulsory education from age 3 until primary school)</gloss>
@@ -20 +19,0 @@
-<gloss>nursery school</gloss>
11. A* 2024-11-03 10:24:52  Marcus Richert
  Refs:
https://www.emmasdiary.co.uk/baby/childcare/preschool-guide
There are a number of differences between pre-school and nursery, and it is down to personal preference as to where you choose to send your child. Your choice will depend on your child’s age, what you are looking for from a setting and how you child is developmentally. Difference include:

Nurseries will take children from ages one – three where as pre-schools generally take children from three – five.
Pre-schools have a formal curriculum and trained teachers. Conversely, nursery schools have a more relaxed environment and have a wider variety of programs.
Nurseries tend to cost more than pre-schools do but this is not a hard and fast rule.
Pre-schools emphasis preparing the children for future education, while nurseries give a lighter learning experience and act more like a childcare provider.

https://www.daynurseries.co.uk/advice/what-is-a-pre-school
Difference between nursery and pre-school
  Comments:
Are you really sure about that, Robin? Because that's not at all what I'm seeing (at a glance).

If we're going to throw in "nursery school" in here, which again, I really don't think we should, I think we do need to explain the difference between a 幼稚園 and 保育園, because there are several specific differences that are very relevant to foreigners with young kids in Japan. (I'm not being argumentative just for the sake of it)
10. A* 2024-11-03 03:44:37  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Let's put "nursery school" back and leave it. The terminology varies a lot - what Americans call kindergarten we call "prep", etc., etc. In general "nursery school" seems to fit 保育園/保育所. After all, the 保育 indicates rather young kids. (My 5yo granddaughter is in prep, and my 3yo grandson is in kindergarten.)
  Diff:
@@ -19,0 +20 @@
+<gloss>nursery school</gloss>
9. A* 2024-11-03 01:46:02  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
幼稚園 corresponds to what we call "nursery (school)" in the UK. It's synonymous with "preschool". I think "nursery school" is a better fit for 幼稚園 than 保育園/保育所.
(show/hide 8 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1583990 Active (id: 2321001)
保育所 [ichi1,news1,nf11]
ほいくしょ [ichi1,news1,nf11] ほいくじょ
1. [n]
▶ nursery school
▶ day care center
▶ day nursery



History:
5. A 2024-11-11 23:07:21  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Latest edition of shinmeikai also has -じょ
4. A 2024-11-11 10:07:10  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -22 +22 @@
-<gloss>day-care center</gloss>
+<gloss>day care center</gloss>
3. A* 2024-10-31 03:47:38  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
ルミナス, etc.
  Comments:
Making it a bit clearer, cf. 幼稚園.
  Diff:
@@ -22 +22,2 @@
-<gloss>nursery</gloss>
+<gloss>day-care center</gloss>
+<gloss>day nursery</gloss>
2. A 2011-05-04 23:18:42  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-05-04 22:58:39  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
only gg5 has ほいくじょ
koj, daijr, daijs, meikyo, wiki, nikk all have ほいくしょ only.
  Comments:
i think the usage tag should be switched, making ほいくじょ not P
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@
+<re_pri>ichi1</re_pri>
@@ -17,1 +18,0 @@
-<re_pri>ichi1</re_pri>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1584840 Active (id: 2319972)
夜半 [news2,nf31]
やはん [news2,nf31]
1. [n]
▶ middle of the night
▶ dead of night



History:
6. A 2024-11-03 03:04:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2024-11-03 01:53:49  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I think よわ should be split out. The kokugos define it as "夜。よなか。" as opposed to just "よなか".
The JEs have "midnight" but I don't think it's a good gloss. Like よなか, 夜半 doesn't mean twelve o'clock.
  Diff:
@@ -9,4 +8,0 @@
-<k_ele>
-<keb>夜わ</keb>
-<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
-</k_ele>
@@ -18,3 +13,0 @@
-<r_ele>
-<reb>よわ</reb>
-</r_ele>
@@ -23,2 +16 @@
-<pos>&adv;</pos>
-<gloss>midnight</gloss>
+<gloss>middle of the night</gloss>
4. A 2024-11-01 07:29:21  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Not ateji. I think it's OK as is.
3. A* 2024-10-31 14:15:41  parfait8
  Refs:
夜わ	3,266	(sankoku, jitenon, shinkoku)
  Comments:
夜半/よわ is ateji (smk, iwakoku, etc.)
よわ also seems [poet] (sankoku, smk, iwakoku, shinkoku has 文)
maybe worth splitting out
  Diff:
@@ -7,0 +8,4 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>夜わ</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2. A 2021-03-31 04:45:55  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Bulk update n-adv to n,adv
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -18 +18,2 @@
-<pos>&n-adv;</pos>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&adv;</pos>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1586720 Active (id: 2319967)
[spec1] 香魚 [rK] 年魚 [rK] 細鱗魚 [sK] 銀口魚 [sK]
あゆ [spec1,news2,nf37] アユ (nokanji)
1. [n] [uk]
▶ ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis)
▶ sweetfish
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2731510 琉球鮎【りゅうきゅうあゆ】 1. Ryukyu sweetfish (Plecoglossus altivelis ryukyuensis)
  ⇐ see: 2542050 鱫鱜【あいきょう】 1. dried, salt-pickled ayu with its eggs inside
  ⇐ see: 2863191 年魚【ねんぎょ】 1. ayu; sweetfish
  ⇐ see: 2863190 香魚【こうぎょ】 1. ayu; sweetfish
  ⇐ see: 2258890 若鮎【わかあゆ】 1. young sweetfish



History:
10. A 2024-11-03 03:01:21  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9. A* 2024-11-03 02:06:11  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Splitting.
  Diff:
@@ -31,8 +30,0 @@
-<reb>こうぎょ</reb>
-<re_restr>香魚</re_restr>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>ねんぎょ</reb>
-<re_restr>年魚</re_restr>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
@@ -41 +32,0 @@
-<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
@@ -46,2 +37,2 @@
-<gloss>sweetfish (Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis)</gloss>
-<gloss>ayu</gloss>
+<gloss>ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis)</gloss>
+<gloss>sweetfish</gloss>
8. A* 2024-10-31 14:27:33  parfait8
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬───────────┬───────╮
│ 鮎    │ 1,150,193 │ 35.8% │
│ 年魚   │    11,633 │  0.4% │
│ 香魚   │     8,200 │  0.3% │
│ 細鱗魚  │       119 │  0.0% │ add (smk)
│ 銀口魚  │        25 │  0.0% │ add (smk, jawiki)
│ あゆ   │ 1,611,181 │ 50.2% │
│ アユ   │   404,343 │ 12.6% │
│ こうぎょ │    22,171 │  0.7% │
│ ねんぎょ │     1,690 │  0.1% │
╰─ーーーー─┴───────────┴───────╯
  Comments:
i doubt 香魚/こうぎょ and 年魚/ねんぎょ are [uk]
many refs mention 香魚/こうぎょ's etymology, sankoku and shinkoku have 文 and meikyo 雅
daijr/s, koj and iwakoku have an additional sense for 年魚/ねんぎょ
dropped archaic reading and sense
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15,8 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>細鱗魚</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>銀口魚</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -31,4 +38,0 @@
-<reb>あい</reb>
-<re_restr>鮎</re_restr>
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
@@ -44,7 +47,0 @@
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<stagr>ねんぎょ</stagr>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<xref type="see" seq="1579300">鮭・1</xref>
-<misc>&arch;</misc>
-<gloss>salmon</gloss>
7. A 2021-12-02 12:02:52  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
鮎	1150193
香魚	8200
年魚	11633
あゆ	1611181
アユ	404343
  Diff:
@@ -9,0 +10 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -13,2 +14 @@
-<ke_pri>news2</ke_pri>
-<ke_pri>nf37</ke_pri>
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
6. A 2018-04-07 20:14:41  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
G n-grams:
鮎	1150193
あゆ	1611181
アユ	 404343
  Diff:
@@ -5,0 +6 @@
+<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri>
@@ -18,0 +20 @@
+<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
@@ -34,0 +37 @@
+<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
(show/hide 5 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1602060 Active (id: 2321192)
酷い [ichi1] 非道い [rK]
ひどい [ichi1] ヒドイ [sk] ヒドい [sk] ひでー [sk] ひでえ [sk] ひでぇ [sk]
1. [adj-i] [uk]
▶ cruel
▶ heartless
▶ hard
▶ harsh
▶ severe
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2842467 ドイヒー 1. cruel; heartless; hard; harsh; severe
  ⇐ see: 2853562 しどい 1. awful; terrible; dreadful; horrible; atrocious; extremely cruel; extremely harsh
2. [adj-i] [uk]
▶ violent
▶ intense
▶ strong
▶ heavy
▶ extreme
3. [adj-i] [uk]
▶ very bad
▶ terrible
▶ awful
4. [adj-i] [uk]
▶ excessive
▶ exorbitant
▶ unreasonable
▶ outrageous
▶ unfair
▶ unjust
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 2708040 酷く 1. terribly; awfully; dreadfully; extremely; severely; very (much)
  ⇐ see: 2766260 酷すぎる【ひどすぎる】 1. egregious; outrageous; too much; over the top

Conjugations


History:
11. A 2024-11-13 00:44:22  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
10. A* 2024-11-12 15:43:44  parfait8
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬───────────┬───────╮
│ ひどい │ 6,283,797 │ 93.4% │
│ ヒドイ │   371,251 │  5.5% │ add (sankoku)
│ ヒドい │    71,494 │  1.1% │ add (sankoku)
╰─ーーー─┴───────────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15,8 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ヒドイ</reb>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ヒドい</reb>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
9. A 2024-10-31 02:31:47  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
ひでえ	28,195		
ひでぇ	33,631
  Comments:
I see these forms all the time.
The あい/おい -> ええ change in adjectives is very common in colloquial speech.
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15,12 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ひでー</reb>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ひでえ</reb>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ひでぇ</reb>
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
8. A* 2024-10-29 09:43:08  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
ひどー	6070
ヒデー	5409
  Comments:
You can find lots of these patterns, but what is missing is evidence that they're used with the meanings of this entry.
7. A* 2024-10-18 06:35:30  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
ひでー	22136
(show/hide 6 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1774910 Active (id: 2325125)
上目遣い上目使い上目づかい
うわめづかい
1. [n]
▶ looking at someone (with upturned eyes)
▶ glancing upwards (at someone)



History:
2. A 2024-12-02 23:57:15  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5, etc.
  Comments:
A bit har to look at someone without using one's eyes.
  Diff:
@@ -18,2 +18,2 @@
-<gloss>looking up at someone (with one's eyes only)</gloss>
-<gloss>glancing upward (at someone)</gloss>
+<gloss>looking at someone (with upturned eyes)</gloss>
+<gloss>glancing upwards (at someone)</gloss>
1. A* 2024-10-31 17:57:47  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
上目遣い	92321	  
上目遣いで	31906	  
上目遣いに	19883	  
上目遣いの	9145

"upturned eyes" with this English sense seems to show up predominantly in Japanese resources... 
https://danbooru.donmai.us/wiki_pages/upturned_eyes
upturned eyes
When a character's eyes are pointed upwards relative to their face. This is often done to look cute, coy, childish, timid, submissive, or pleading.

https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/上目遣いが可愛い
上目遣いが可愛い
You are cute when you glance up at me

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/うわめづかい
looking upward at someone with the eyes, while the face is pointing downwards

https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=上目遣い
上目遣いで~を見る
glance up [upward] at
watch someone from beneath lowered brows
peep at someone from beneath one's lashes
  Comments:
Not sure what an ideal gloss would be, but "upturned eyes" in English seems to refer predominantly to an "eye shape", and not a "way of looking at someone"

Could even include in the gloss:
(e.g. to look to look cute, timid, submissive, etc.)

Encountered this term in a scene where a male protagonist suggests he'd be more motivated if his female companion/interest addressed him: "上目遣いで「私のために頑張ってね」".  Google image search is *mostly* female faces.

If you google "she looked at him with upturned eyes", all you get is a handful of stories with Japanese protagonists.  Doesn't appear to be very natural in English.
  Diff:
@@ -18 +18,2 @@
-<gloss>upturned eyes</gloss>
+<gloss>looking up at someone (with one's eyes only)</gloss>
+<gloss>glancing upward (at someone)</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1807250 Active (id: 2320380)
木肌木皮 [rK] [rK] 木膚 [rK] 樹肌 [sK]
きはだ (木肌, 木膚)こはだ
1. [n]
▶ bark (of a tree)



History:
6. A 2024-11-06 11:18:01  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijr: こ-はだ? [0] 【木皮・木膚・木肌・樸】
Koj: こ‐はだ【木皮・木膚・木肌・樸】
  Comments:
I think it can stay.
5. A* 2024-10-31 14:28:45  parfait8
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ 木肌を │ 8,979 │ 91.7% │
│ 樹肌を │   366 │  3.7% │ add sK (only in nikk for きはだ)
│ 木皮を │   358 │  3.7% │ probably false positives for もくひ - add rK (daijr/s, etc.)
│ 樸を  │    92 │  0.9% │ add rK (daijr/s, etc.)
│ 木膚を │     0 │  0.0% │ add rK (daijr/s, meikyo, gendai)
╰─ーーー─┴───────┴───────╯

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 木肌が │ 12,798 │ 95.2% │
│ 樹肌が │    498 │  3.7% │
│ 木皮が │    146 │  1.1% │
│ 樸が  │      0 │  0.0% │
│ 木膚が │      0 │  0.0% │
╰─ーーー─┴────────┴───────╯

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 木肌 │ 74,028 │ 79.8% │
│ 樸  │ 12,369 │ 13.3% │ probably false positives
│ 樹肌 │  3,241 │  3.5% │
│ 木皮 │  2,991 │  3.2% │
│ 木膚 │     81 │  0.1% │
╰─ーー─┴────────┴───────╯
  Comments:
imo it would be better to split out こはだ (wjdic audio is きはだ)
こはだ is in far fewer refs
refs that have こはだ lead with 木皮
  Diff:
@@ -8,3 +7,0 @@
-<keb>樹肌</keb>
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
@@ -11,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -14,0 +13 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -17,0 +17,5 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>樹肌</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -22 +25,0 @@
-<re_restr>樹肌</re_restr>
4. A 2020-11-18 11:16:02  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Unidic, JLD
木肌	74028
木膚	81
木皮	2991
樸	12369
樹肌	3241
  Diff:
@@ -8 +8 @@
-<keb>木膚</keb>
+<keb>樹肌</keb>
@@ -17 +17 @@
-<keb>樹肌</keb>
+<keb>木膚</keb>
@@ -21,0 +22 @@
+<re_restr>樹肌</re_restr>
3. A* 2020-11-18 08:42:07  Opencooper
  Refs:
nikk: https://kotobank.jp/word/木肌・木膚・樹肌-2028235
  Comments:
Not sure how to handle the restrictions.
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>樹肌</keb>
2. A 2018-02-17 20:46:06  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 1823360 Active (id: 2319798)
聞きづらい聴きづらい聞き辛い聴き辛い [sK]
ききづらい
1. [adj-i]
▶ difficult to hear
▶ hard to hear
2. [adj-i]
▶ unpleasant to hear
▶ painful to hear
3. (聞きづらい,聞き辛い only) [adj-i]
▶ difficult to ask

Conjugations


History:
7. A 2024-11-01 07:20:00  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2024-11-01 00:16:37  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -30,0 +31,2 @@
+<stagk>聞きづらい</stagk>
+<stagk>聞き辛い</stagk>
5. A 2024-10-31 22:21:26  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
聞きづらい	37184	76.2%
聞き辛い	3738	7.7%
聴きづらい	6205	12.7%
聴き辛い	1652	3.4%
  Comments:
Here goes. (We have 聞き/聴き as a combined entry.)
  Diff:
@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@
+<keb>聴きづらい</keb>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
@@ -8,0 +12,4 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>聴き辛い</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
4. A* 2024-10-25 09:31:11  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
聴きづらい	6205	79.0%
聴き辛い 	1652	21.0%
3. A 2024-10-24 03:58:21  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

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jmdict 1852750 Active (id: 2319736)
恩に着せる
おんにきせる
1. [exp,v1]
▶ to demand gratitude
▶ to make a favour of something
▶ to remind of a favour done to someone
▶ to emphasize the favour one has done
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 2056100 恩着せがましい 1. patronizing; expecting gratitude in return; acting like one is doing someone a favor; condescending
  ⇐ see: 2603490 恩にかける【おんにかける】 1. to demand gratitude; to make a favour of something; to remind of a favour done to someone; to emphasize the favour one has done

Conjugations


History:
5. A 2024-10-31 03:54:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2024-10-30 16:16:15  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
恩着せがまし	15956	  
恩に着せ	2068	 
恩にかける 20
  Comments:
See notes at removed xref 恩に掛ける.  Exceedingly rare, not helpful to link in that direction.

恩着せがましい by comparison is 8 times more popular than this formulation. For someone who encounters this term, I think it's worth seeing the other, but it isn't strictly needed.
  Diff:
@@ -13,2 +13 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2603490">恩に掛ける</xref>
-<xref type="see" seq="2603490">恩に掛ける</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="2056100">恩着せがましい</xref>
3. A 2011-01-01 23:54:31  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2010-12-25 05:45:33  Scott
  Refs:
koj daij
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +13,1 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2603490">恩に掛ける</xref>
@@ -14,0 +15,3 @@
+<gloss>to make a favour of something</gloss>
+<gloss>to remind of a favour done to someone</gloss>
+<gloss>to emphasize the favour one has done</gloss>
1. A 2010-12-24 06:06:22  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Added additional PoS via batch update.Added additional PoS via batch update.
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@
+<pos>&v1;</pos>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2004770 Active (id: 2319962)

チクるちくる
1. [v5r,vt,vi] [col]
▶ to tell (on someone)
▶ to tattle
▶ to snitch

Conjugations


History:
6. A 2024-11-03 02:55:17  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2024-11-03 02:15:44  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
meikyo, gg5
ちくる	5,587		
チクる	15,747		
ちくっ	7,748		
チクっ	12,382
  Diff:
@@ -5 +5 @@
-<reb>ちくる</reb>
+<reb>チクる</reb>
@@ -8 +8 @@
-<reb>チクる</reb>
+<reb>ちくる</reb>
@@ -11,0 +12,2 @@
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
@@ -12,0 +15 @@
+<gloss>to tell (on someone)</gloss>
@@ -14,3 +17 @@
-<gloss>to tell on</gloss>
-<gloss>to snitch on</gloss>
-<gloss>to inform a superior of someone's actions</gloss>
+<gloss>to snitch</gloss>
4. A 2024-10-31 20:23:49  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2024-10-31 17:16:29  dom <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
wisdom
https://context.reverso.net/translation/japanese-english/チクった
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15 @@
+<gloss>to snitch on</gloss>
2. A 2017-02-10 12:10:43  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 2329400 Active (id: 2320892)

ページャーページャペイジャー [sk]
1. [n]
▶ pager
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1125000 ポケットベル 1. pager; beeper



History:
5. A 2024-11-11 01:12:54  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
ポケットベル	26,883
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1125000">ポケットベル</xref>
4. A* 2024-11-09 20:15:22  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
ペイジ is quite rare.
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
3. A 2024-10-31 17:33:52  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2024-10-31 17:13:58  dom <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
ページャ	7143	46.2% <- 1120480
ページャー	7377	47.7%
ペイジャー	931	6.0% <- 2329600
  Comments:
merge
  Diff:
@@ -6,0 +7,6 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ページャ</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ペイジャー</reb>
+</r_ele>
@@ -9 +14,0 @@
-<field>&comp;</field>
1. A 2008-05-24 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2329600 Deleted (id: 2319766)

ペイジャー
1. [n] {computing}
▶ pager



History:
3. D 2024-10-31 17:33:44  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
2. D* 2024-10-31 17:15:09 
  Comments:
merge with 2329400
1. A 2008-05-24 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2425540 Active (id: 2319757)
切り欠き切欠き切欠 [io]
きりかき
1. [n]
▶ cutout
▶ notch



History:
5. A 2024-10-31 16:10:02  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ 切り欠き部 │ 3,669 │ 26.3% │
│ 切欠き部  │ 3,118 │ 22.3% │
│ 切欠部   │ 7,190 │ 51.4% │
│ きりかき部 │     0 │  0.0% │
╰─ーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
  Comments:
I agree.
4. A* 2024-10-31 15:23:02 
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf>
3. A 2024-03-25 22:57:50  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
切欠き count probably comes from 切欠く
  Diff:
@@ -5 +5 @@
-<keb>切欠き</keb>
+<keb>切り欠き</keb>
@@ -8 +8 @@
-<keb>切り欠き</keb>
+<keb>切欠き</keb>
2. A* 2024-03-25 02:17:19 
  Refs:
daijs daijr
切り欠き	34853	34.6%
切欠き	16960	16.8%
切欠	48896	48.6%
  Diff:
@@ -4,0 +5,3 @@
+<keb>切欠き</keb>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
@@ -5,0 +9,4 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>切欠</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
1. A 2009-02-17 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2453310 Active (id: 2319754)
影が差す影がさす影が射す陰が差す [sK] 陰がさす [sK] 翳が差す [sK] 翳がさす [sK]
かげがさす
1. [exp,v5s]
▶ to cast a shadow
▶ to appear
2. [exp,v5s]
▶ to loom (of a threat, etc.)
▶ to manifest (of symptoms, etc.)

Conjugations


History:
3. A 2024-10-31 15:11:53  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
〈影/景/陰/蔭/翳/かげ/カゲ〉が〈差/射/さ〉し

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ 影が差し  │ 3,282 │ 51.0% │
│ 影がさし  │ 1,720 │ 26.7% │
│ 影が射し  │   661 │ 10.3% │
│ 陰が差し  │   280 │  4.3% │ - add
│ 陰がさし  │   198 │  3.1% │ - add
│ 翳がさし  │   120 │  1.9% │ - add
│ 翳が差し  │    62 │  1.0% │ - add
│ 陰が射し  │    39 │  0.6% │
│ 翳が射し  │    23 │  0.4% │
│ かげがさし │    54 │  0.8% │
╰─ーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12,16 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>陰が差す</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>陰がさす</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>翳が差す</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>翳がさす</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2. A* 2024-10-31 14:42:09  parfait8
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮
│ 影がさし │ 1,720 │ 30.4% │
│ 影が差し │ 3,282 │ 58.0% │ move up
│ 影が射し │   661 │ 11.7% │
╰─ーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -5 +5 @@
-<keb>影がさす</keb>
+<keb>影が差す</keb>
@@ -8 +8 @@
-<keb>影が差す</keb>
+<keb>影がさす</keb>
1. A 2009-06-20 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2603490 Active (id: 2319735)
恩にかける恩に掛ける [rK]
おんにかける
1. [exp,v1] [rare]
▶ to demand gratitude
▶ to make a favour of something
▶ to remind of a favour done to someone
▶ to emphasize the favour one has done
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1852750 恩に着せる 1. to demand gratitude; to make a favour of something; to remind of a favour done to someone; to emphasize the favour one has done

Conjugations


History:
4. A 2024-10-31 03:54:14  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
[rK] is fine - it's in Koj (「恩に着せる」に同じ。)
3. A* 2024-10-30 16:10:49  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
恩に掛け* 0
恩にかけ  0
恩にかける	20	(only match for 恩にかけ*)
vs.
恩に着せ	2068	  
恩に着せる	1129	  
恩に着せて	487	  
恩に着せない	347
  Comments:
Some book results sprinkled across the 1900s.  No news, twitter, etc.

Got here via 恩着せがましい found in the wild, xref'd to 恩に着せる (useful), xref'd here. While defined as synonymous, this entry looks rare/obsolete.  I will edit 恩に着せる to break the xref here as well.

恩に掛け with both kanji is exceedingly rare.  Matches ~15 google book hits.  Would [sK], but it's worth showing which of the かける kanji applies.
  Diff:
@@ -4,0 +5,3 @@
+<keb>恩にかける</keb>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
@@ -5,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -13,0 +18 @@
+<misc>&rare;</misc>
2. A 2011-01-01 23:54:44  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2010-12-25 05:45:15  Scott
  Refs:
koj daij

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2836782 Active (id: 2319713)
立ちこぎ立ち漕ぎ
たちこぎ
1. [n,vs,vi]
▶ standing on bicycle pedals (out of the saddle)
2. [n,vs,vi]
▶ standing on a swing

Conjugations


History:
5. A 2024-10-31 00:55:11  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2024-10-30 11:24:35  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr splits into two senses

vs in daijr
vs,vi in 三省堂国語辞典 第八版
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15,2 @@
+<pos>&vs;</pos>
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
@@ -15,0 +18,5 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&vs;</pos>
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
3. A 2018-10-15 11:16:53  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
立ち漕ぎ	11935
立ちこぎ	16605
たちこぎ	1420
  Diff:
@@ -5 +5 @@
-<keb>立ち漕ぎ</keb>
+<keb>立ちこぎ</keb>
@@ -8 +8 @@
-<keb>立ちこぎ</keb>
+<keb>立ち漕ぎ</keb>
2. A* 2018-10-13 21:36:44 
  Refs:
images for ブランコ 立ち漕ぎ
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16 @@
+<gloss>standing on a swing</gloss>
1. A* 2018-10-13 21:30:56 
  Refs:
https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=立ちこぎ
http://bicycle.omakase-hp.com/word/140/post_95.html

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jmdict 2836821 Active (id: 2320072)
風景写真
ふうけいしゃしん
1. [n]
▶ landscape photograph
▶ landscape photography



History:
6. A 2024-11-03 20:51:24  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2024-11-03 12:25:22  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
nipponica, reverso
  Comments:
I don't think [photo] is needed here. No tag in GG5.
  Diff:
@@ -12 +11,0 @@
-<field>&photo;</field>
@@ -14 +13 @@
-<gloss>scenic photograph</gloss>
+<gloss>landscape photography</gloss>
4. A 2024-10-31 05:50:50  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2024-10-31 03:50:23 
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<field>&photo;</field>
2. A 2018-10-18 00:53:53  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, eij
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<gloss>scenic photograph</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 2838011 Active (id: 2320053)
手ばしこい手捷い
てばしこい
1. [adj-i] [rare]
▶ quick
▶ nimble
▶ agile
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1006180 すばしこい 1. quick; nimble; agile

Conjugations


History:
6. A 2024-11-03 15:21:18  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs: 動作が機敏である。すばやい。
  Comments:
I don't think "smart" is right.
  Diff:
@@ -16,0 +17 @@
+<gloss>quick</gloss>
@@ -19,2 +19,0 @@
-<gloss>quick</gloss>
-<gloss>smart</gloss>
5. A 2024-10-31 16:28:20  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Several smaller kokugos have this word.

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬────╮
│ 手ばしこく │ 80 │
│ 手捷く   │  0 │
│ てばしこく │  0 │
├─ーーーーー─┼────┤
│ 手ばしこさ │  0 │
│ 手捷さ   │  0 │
│ てばしこさ │  0 │
├─ーーーーー─┼────┤
│ 手ばしこし │  0 │
│ 手捷し   │  0 │
│ てばしこし │  0 │
╰─ーーーーー─┴────╯
4. A* 2024-10-31 16:20:40  Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
手ばしっこい	0	0.0%
手ばしこい	0	0.0%
すばしっこい	20769	74.0%
すばしこい	5718	20.4%
はしっこい	1016	3.6%
はしこい	578	2.1%
  Comments:
Not just rare(0 ngrams already noted, web/book results not common), but its related synonyms are quite common.
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16 @@
+<misc>&rare;</misc>
3. A 2019-02-04 09:51:28  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2019-02-04 06:07:45  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -14 +14 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&adj-i;</pos>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 2862712 Active (id: 2325158)

もがりかりもがり [rk]
1. [n] [arch]
▶ delayed interment (so that mourners can pay their respects)



History:
5. A 2024-12-03 02:59:28  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
KOD
  Comments:
I don;t think that amount of detail is needed for a rare and old term.
  Diff:
@@ -17 +17 @@
-<gloss>mourning custom where the body is placed in a coffin and temporarily stored for some time, rather than burying it immediately after death (esp. for the burials of noblemen or the emperor)</gloss>
+<gloss>delayed interment (so that mourners can pay their respects)</gloss>
4. A* 2024-12-02 20:52:30  Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Noted. Also xref not needed I think.
  Diff:
@@ -16,2 +15,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2862709">殯す</xref>
-<misc>&obs;</misc>
@@ -19 +17 @@
-<gloss>mourning custom where the body is placed in a coffin and temporarily stored for a long period of time, rather than burying it immediately after death (esp. for the burials of noblemen or the emperor)</gloss>
+<gloss>mourning custom where the body is placed in a coffin and temporarily stored for some time, rather than burying it immediately after death (esp. for the burials of noblemen or the emperor)</gloss>
3. A* 2024-11-01 00:18:06  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
No comment on the entry itself, but that's not a usage note.
We also don't use both obs and arch
  Diff:
@@ -19,2 +19 @@
-<s_inf>esp. used for the burials of noblemen or the emperor</s_inf>
-<gloss>mourning custom where the body is placed in a coffin and temporarily stored for a long period of time, rather than burying it immediately after death</gloss>
+<gloss>mourning custom where the body is placed in a coffin and temporarily stored for a long period of time, rather than burying it immediately after death (esp. for the burials of noblemen or the emperor)</gloss>
2. A* 2024-10-31 23:00:00  Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Seems to have some relevance in recent times:
https://www.e-sogi.com/guide/15711/

Ngrams:
殯	   87150	99.9%
かりもがり  120	0.1%  - daijt, daijs, kouji

もがり is the primary usage ⇒ daijs, daijr, daijt, sankoku, shinmeikai, kouji

Can't really look at ngrams for もがり because of duplicates.

かりもがり is given to be roughly the same as もがり
  Comments:
This was a bad entry of mine, so I wanted to do it properly at least. I gave GG5 as ref, which is just wrong. If it still gets rejected, so be it. I don't have super high hopes, although I think it is a nice word.
  Diff:
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<re_inf>&rk;</re_inf>
@@ -14 +14,0 @@
-<stagr>もがり</stagr>
@@ -16,7 +16,5 @@
-<gloss>the act of temporarily placing a body in a coffin until preparations for the funeral of a noble person are complete</gloss>
-<gloss>the place where the body is placed</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<stagr>かりもがり</stagr>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<gloss>the act of placing a body in a coffin and mourning for a while before burial</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="2862709">殯す</xref>
+<misc>&obs;</misc>
+<misc>&arch;</misc>
+<s_inf>esp. used for the burials of noblemen or the emperor</s_inf>
+<gloss>mourning custom where the body is placed in a coffin and temporarily stored for a long period of time, rather than burying it immediately after death</gloss>
1. A* 2024-09-22 15:47:34  Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5
https://kotobank.jp/word/殯-645232#w-1923279

I found it also listed as a suru verb in the 漢検 漢字辞典 第二版, but I didn't mark it as a one, since there's just no usage.

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
殯	87150	57.2%
殯する	0	0.0%
かりもがり	120	0.1%
もがり	64993	42.7%
もがりする	0	0.0%
かりもがりする	0	0.0%
  Comments:
Thought this might be useful since I added the verb 殯す. If not just delete it

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jmdict 2863048 Active (id: 2319720)
惚ける呆ける耄ける [rK] 蓬ける [sK]
ほうける
1. [v1,vi]
▶ to be mentally slow
▶ to be befuddled
2. [aux-v,v1] [uk]
▶ to become engrossed in
▶ to become absorbed in
3. [v1,vi]
《occ. written as 蓬ける》
▶ to become frayed and dishevelled (of hair, grass, etc.)
▶ to be fluffy
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2863049 蓬ける【ほおける】 1. to to become frayed and dishevelled (of hair, grass, etc.); to be fluffy

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2024-10-31 03:13:21  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
That sense of "nappy" is a bit obscure.
  Diff:
@@ -38 +38 @@
-<gloss>to be nappy (of hair, grass, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>to become frayed and dishevelled (of hair, grass, etc.)</gloss>
1. A* 2024-10-21 19:20:13  parfait8
  Refs:
daijr/s, iwakoku, smk, etc.

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬─────┬───────╮
│ 病み惚け  │ 262 │ 68.9% │
│ 病み呆け  │  70 │ 18.4% │
│ 病みほうけ │  48 │ 12.6% │
│ 病み耄け  │   0 │  0.0% │
╰─ーーーーー─┴─────┴───────╯
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 遊びほうけ │ 32,988 │ 55.1% │
│ 遊び呆け  │ 24,518 │ 40.9% │
│ 遊び惚け  │  2,377 │  4.0% │
│ 遊び耄け  │      0 │  0.0% │
╰─ーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
  Comments:
proposed split from 呆ける/ぼける

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2863049 Active (id: 2319721)
蓬ける
ほおける
1. [v1,vi]
▶ to to become frayed and dishevelled (of hair, grass, etc.)
▶ to be fluffy
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2863048 【ほうける】 3. to become frayed and dishevelled (of hair, grass, etc.); to be fluffy

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2024-10-31 03:14:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
That sense of "nappy" is not widely used. Aligning.
  Diff:
@@ -14 +14 @@
-<gloss>to be nappy (of hair, grass, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>to to become frayed and dishevelled (of hair, grass, etc.)</gloss>
1. A* 2024-10-21 19:21:03  parfait8
  Refs:
sankoku, daijr/s, smk, meikyo, etc.

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jmdict 2863146 Active (id: 2319733)
未就園児
みしゅうえんじ
1. [n]
▶ child not enrolled in kindergarten
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2863147 無園児【むえんじ】 1. child not enrolled in kindergarten or nursery school



History:
2. A 2024-10-31 03:51:03  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2024-10-30 11:29:04  Marcus Richert
  Refs:
就園	100476	48.1%
就園児	54632	26.2% but a google for this just brings up 未就園児
未就園児	53598	25.7%

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2863147 Active (id: 2319732)
無園児
むえんじ
1. [n] [col]
▶ child not enrolled in kindergarten or nursery school
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2863146 未就園児 1. child not enrolled in kindergarten



History:
2. A 2024-10-31 03:50:32  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2024-10-30 11:31:50  Marcus Richert
  Refs:
https://www.cfa.go.jp/councils/mishuuenji_iinkai/vPmcR9yE
末尾の「※」に記載の通り、未就園児であること自体が批判につながる表現や記載にならないよう留意いただきたい。未就園の背景は様々であり、保育所に入りたくても、言葉の壁などによって就園できない事例もある。「無園児」といった言葉が一人歩きすることや、未就園児=虐待家庭等のイメージが広がることで、更なる孤立を生まないか懸念する。
https://www.city.osaka.lg.jp/kodomo/page/0000597389.html
この資料の中身とは関係ないんですけれども、この前ニュースで、無園児という言葉が出てきました。どこの園にも属していないこどもたちを無園児と表現していたんですけれども、我々、幼稚園の側からすれば、それは未就園児ではないかという話ですが。

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jmdict 2863150 Active (id: 2319710)
星室庁
せいしつちょう
1. [n] [hist]
▶ Court of the Star Chamber (England)



History:
3. A 2024-10-31 00:45:21  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
星室庁	265
  Comments:
Abolished in 1641, before the UK existed.
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>court of Star Chamber (UK)</gloss>
+<gloss>Court of the Star Chamber (England)</gloss>
2. A* 2024-10-30 23:48:04 
  Diff:
@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>Court of Star Chamber</gloss>
+<misc>&hist;</misc>
+<gloss>court of Star Chamber (UK)</gloss>
1. A* 2024-10-30 23:28:17  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daij, koj, wiki

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jmdict 2863151 Active (id: 2319727)
生年
しょうねん
1. [n] [dated]
▶ age



History:
2. A 2024-10-31 03:38:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2024-10-31 02:26:07  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Split from 1379400.

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jmdict 2863152 Active (id: 2325693)
年収の壁
ねんしゅうのかべ
1. [n]
▶ annual income threshold (that affects taxes or social insurance)



History:
7. A 2024-12-05 00:27:55  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2024-12-05 00:26:56  parfait8
  Diff:
@@ -11 +10,0 @@
-<pos>&exp;</pos>
@@ -13 +12 @@
-<gloss>annual income threshold that affect tax obligations</gloss>
+<gloss>annual income threshold (that affects taxes or social insurance)</gloss>
5. A 2024-12-05 00:21:29  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Maybe keep it general.
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>annual income threshold that affect tax obligations for part-time workers</gloss>
+<gloss>annual income threshold that affect tax obligations</gloss>
4. A* 2024-11-20 21:59:51  parfait8
  Refs:
https://www.nhk.or.jp/shutoken/articles/101/015/16/
https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20241113/k10014636131000.html
  Comments:
daijs has this but it makes no mention of part-time workers
3. A 2024-11-20 21:45:46  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>annual income threshold that affect tax obligations for partime workers</gloss>
+<gloss>annual income threshold that affect tax obligations for part-time workers</gloss>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

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jmdict 2863153 Active (id: 2319775)
好時節
こうじせつ
1. [n]
▶ good season (for something or for doing something)
▶ good time
▶ opportune time



History:
3. A 2024-10-31 20:27:11  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +14 @@
+<gloss>opportune time</gloss>
2. A* 2024-10-31 05:28:43  parfait8
  Comments:
it's also in saito and gg5 (which redirects to 好期), probably [form]
1. A* 2024-10-31 04:39:13  Marcus Richert
  Refs:
好時節	572
only in nikk as far as I can tell but
daijs
天(てん)高く馬(うま)肥(こ)ゆる秋
空は澄み渡って晴れ、馬が食欲を増し、肥えてたくましくなる秋。秋の__好時節__をいう言葉。
  Comments:
A little A+B

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jmdict 2863154 Deleted (id: 2319788)
首相官邸ネズミ捕獲長
しゅしょうかんていネズミほかくちょう
1. [n]
▶ Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office (United Kingdom)



History:
3. D 2024-11-01 00:18:53  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
jmnedict possibly
2. D* 2024-10-31 22:12:57  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
0 n-grams, 160 Googits
  Comments:
Ho ho.
Interesting that "Cabinet Office" got translated as 首相官邸 (i.e. PM's residence) instead of 内閣府. 
(I don't think this is suitable as an entry here.)
1. A* 2024-10-31 07:05:32  matsugase <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/首相官邸ネズミ捕獲長

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jmdict 2863155 Active (id: 2319911)
聞こゆ聞ゆ
きこゆ
1. [v2y-s,vi] [arch]
▶ to be heard
▶ to be audible
2. [v2y-s,vt] [arch,hum]
▶ to say
3. [aux-v,v2y-s] [arch,hum]
《after the -masu stem of a verb》
▶ to do



History:
5. A 2024-11-02 20:38:28  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2024-11-02 15:47:25  Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
"We usually don't add cross references from archaic senses to modern terms"
⇒I was inspired by the 見ゆ/見える pair since it's basically the same situation, I think. But I won't do it then from now on.
  Comments:
"The note "as (お) + masu stem + きこゆ" on the final sense here is incorrect"
⇒I misunderstood the dictionary explanation, thanks for pointing it out

I've started reading through the issues on github, thanks for that. I'll try to keep the things discussed there in mind, in the future.
3. A* 2024-11-01 23:27:30  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Robin's proposal on github included archaic terms recorded in JEs and smaller kokugos. I think that's very reasonable.
https://github.com/JMdictProject/JMdictIssues/issues/140#issuecomment-2362826820
This word is in shinmeikai and shinsen (Shogakukan's small kokugo), so I see that as a signal that this word is still relevant in modern Japanese.

We usually don't add cross references from archaic senses to modern terms.

Without more detailed references for the usages of this word, I don't think we need to copy all the senses from our 聞こえる entry. The kokugos just say "きこえるに同じ" for that sense.

The note "as (お) + masu stem + きこゆ" on the final sense here is incorrect. Shinmeikai says it is "「動詞連用形+━」の形." Daijirin's example is "思ひ━・えむ."
  Diff:
@@ -16 +15,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1591150">聞える・きこえる・1</xref>
@@ -20,17 +18,0 @@
-<gloss>to reach one's ears</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&v2y-s;</pos>
-<pos>&vi;</pos>
-<xref type="see" seq="1591150">聞える・きこえる・2</xref>
-<misc>&arch;</misc>
-<gloss>to sound (like)</gloss>
-<gloss>to come across (as)</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&v2y-s;</pos>
-<pos>&vi;</pos>
-<xref type="see" seq="1591150">聞える・きこえる・3</xref>
-<misc>&arch;</misc>
-<gloss>to be well known</gloss>
-<gloss>to be famous</gloss>
@@ -41 +22,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1363090">申す・もうす・1</xref>
@@ -49 +29,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1362950">申し上げる・もうしあげる・2</xref>
@@ -52,2 +32,2 @@
-<s_inf>as (お) + masu stem + きこゆ</s_inf>
-<gloss>to do...</gloss>
+<s_inf>after the -masu stem of a verb</s_inf>
+<gloss>to do</gloss>
2. A* 2024-10-31 22:16:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijs: [動ヤ下二]「きこえる」の文語形。
  Comments:
I don't mind adding this, but I know there is some resistance to adding archaic kokugo-only terms.
1. A* 2024-10-31 10:49:28  Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs, daijt, daijr, oukoku, shinmeikai, shinsenkoku

Sense 4 and 5 in: daijr, oukoku, shinmeikai

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
聞こゆ	5626	48.8%
聞ゆ	2252	19.6%
きこゆ	3640	31.6%
  Comments:
Is the 5th sense okay this way? First time doing that. Or is this even fine in general?

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jmdict 2863156 Active (id: 2326678)
寝ぬ
いぬ
1. [v2n-s,vi] [arch]
▶ to sleep
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1360010 寝る【ねる】 1. to sleep (lying down)
2. [v2n-s,vi] [arch]
▶ to go to bed
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1360010 寝る【ねる】 2. to go to bed; to lie in bed
3. [v2n-s,vi] [arch]
▶ to retire
▶ to repose



History:
2. A 2024-12-09 11:11:20  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Not a fan of archaic verb forms, but this seems to get a bit of use.
1. A* 2024-10-31 12:53:17  Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Saito, daijs, daijt, daijr, oukoku, shinsenkoku, kouji

寝ぬ	1589	34.7%
寝ぬる	603	13.2%
いぬる	2208	48.2% - duplication with 往ぬる/去ぬる possible
いぬれ	183	4.0%

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2863157 Active (id: 2319774)
傍聴者
ぼうちょうしゃ
1. [n]
▶ observer
▶ spectator (e.g. in court)
▶ (member of the) public
▶ visitor
▶ audience
▶ gallery



History:
2. A 2024-10-31 20:25:18  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
ルミナス
1. A* 2024-10-31 15:06:36  parfait8
  Refs:
saito, jitsuyou

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 傍聴者 │ 55,963 │100.0% │
╰─ーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
  Comments:
see 傍聴人

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jmnedict 5025032 Active (id: 2319771)

キア
1. [given]
▶ Chia
▶ Keir



History:
2. A 2024-10-31 20:10:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2024-10-31 07:06:53  matsugase <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/キア・スターマー
  Diff:
@@ -8 +8 @@
-<misc>&unclass;</misc>
+<misc>&given;</misc>
@@ -9,0 +10 @@
+<gloss>Keir</gloss>

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jmnedict 5345239 Deleted (id: 2319743)
蛇目
じやのめ
1. [surname]
▶ Jiyanome



History:
2. D 2024-10-31 06:07:33  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
OK
1. A* 2024-10-19 16:42:50  parfait8
  Comments:
i think this and 蛇ノ目 are just another form of 蛇の目/じゃのめ rather than an actual surname (じやのめ is probably wrong as a reading anyway)

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