JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 1054600 Active (id: 1092809)

ゴリラ [gai1]

1.

[n]
▶ gorilla (Gorilla spp., esp. western gorilla, Gorilla gorilla)

History:

5.	A 2012-04-19 03:22:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't mind fleshing the simple "gorilla" out a little in parentheses.
	Diff:	@@ -10,4 +10,0 @@ -<gloss>gorilla (Gorilla spp.)</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -15,1 +11,1 @@ -<gloss>western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla)</gloss> +<gloss>gorilla (Gorilla spp., esp. western gorilla, Gorilla gorilla)</gloss>
4.	A* 2012-04-19 02:35:29 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	it's now generally accepted that there are two species of gorillas. I'm fine with "Gorilla spp." or "Gorilla spp., esp. the western gorilla, Gorilla gorilla", but I think both may in fact be overkill and just having "gorilla" may be best. two separate senses is definitely overkill for a simple katakana word that is obviously translated as 'gorilla'
3.	A* 2012-04-18 00:44:25 Marcus
	Comments:	How about this?
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,5 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="2703750">西ゴリラ</xref> +<gloss>western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla)</gloss> +</sense>
2.	A* 2012-04-18 00:21:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Or is it "(Gorilla gorilla)" as in 新英和大辞典 and 医学英和辞典?
1.	A* 2012-04-17 13:19:45 Marcus
	Diff:	@@ -10,1 +10,1 @@ -<gloss>gorilla</gloss> +<gloss>gorilla (Gorilla spp.)</gloss>

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jmdict 1122720 Active (id: 1092718)

ホモエレクトス；ホモエレクトゥス；ホモ・エレクトス；ホモ・エレクトゥス

1.

[n] Source lang: lat
▶ Homo erectus

History:

2.	A 2012-04-18 01:18:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I like the undotted ones first. Dunno why.
	Diff:	@@ -4,0 +4,6 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ホモエレクトス</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ホモエレクトゥス</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -9,6 +15,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>ホモエレクトス</reb> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>ホモエレクトゥス</reb>
1.	A* 2012-04-17 13:27:41 Marcus
	Diff:	@@ -4,0 +4,6 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ホモ・エレクトス</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ホモ・エレクトゥス</reb> +</r_ele>

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jmdict 1254450 Deleted (id: 1092705)
潔く [ichi1]
【いさぎよく [ichi1] 】

1.

[adv]
▶ bravely
▶ manfully

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1254440 潔い 1. gracious (defeat, apology, etc.); graceful; honourable (e.g. death); noble; gallant; brave; manly; sportsmanlike

History:

2.	D 2012-04-18 00:16:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Agree.
1.	D* 2012-04-17 11:39:00 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Just the 〜く form of 潔い – nothing special warranting a separate entry, AFAICT.

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jmdict 1316130 Active (id: 2277484)
時系列
【じけいれつ】

1.	[n] {statistics} ▶ time series
2.	[n] ▶ chronological order ▶ chronology

History:

6.	A 2023-09-20 04:02:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Yes, better as two senses.
5.	A* 2023-09-20 03:06:59 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	sankoku, smk, shinsen, iwakoku, and obunsha split into two senses. Sankoku has a 俗 tag on the second sense. Shinsen says it's a corruption (…から転じて) of the first sense. gg5 has a 【統計】 tag.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,5 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<field>&stat;</field> +<gloss>time series</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -14 +18 @@ -<gloss>time series</gloss> +<gloss>chronology</gloss>
4.	A 2012-04-17 03:13:00 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	kokugos don't give it one
3.	A* 2012-04-17 03:03:16 Scott
	Comments:	Does it deserve a math tag?
2.	A 2012-04-17 02:44:25 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2012-04-17 00:12:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, ＫＯＤ追加語彙
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,3 @@ -<gloss>chronological order (time sequential)</gloss> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<gloss>chronological order</gloss> +<gloss>time series</gloss>

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jmdict 1375650 Active (id: 1975596)
成果 [ichi1,news1,nf02]
【せいか [ichi1,news1,nf02] 】

1.

[n]
▶ (good) result
▶ outcome
▶ fruits (of one's labors)
▶ product
▶ accomplishment

History:

6.	A 2018-03-31 02:50:00 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2018-03-30 11:23:16 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, gg5
	Comments:	Specifically a good result.
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +18,2 @@ +<gloss>(good) result</gloss> +<gloss>outcome</gloss> @@ -19,2 +21 @@ -<gloss>results</gloss> -<gloss>outcome</gloss> +<gloss>product</gloss>
4.	A 2012-04-18 00:15:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2012-04-17 11:02:30 Marcus
	Refs:	eij
	Diff:	@@ -20,0 +20,2 @@ +<gloss>outcome</gloss> +<gloss>accomplishment</gloss>
2.	A 2011-08-04 17:06:13 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2011-08-04 08:09:04 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Move “fruits” forward, and elaborate – that’s the most evocative translation.
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +18,1 @@ +<gloss>fruits (of one's labors)</gloss> @@ -19,1 +20,0 @@ -<gloss>fruits</gloss>

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jmdict 1390130 Active (id: 1142445)
戦く；慄く
【おののく】

1.

[v5k,vi] [uk]
▶ to shake (from fear, cold, excitement, etc.)
▶ to shudder
▶ to tremble

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1390700 戦慄く【わななく】 1. to tremble; to shiver; to shake

Conjugations

History:

4.	A 2013-06-20 18:13:26 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2013-06-20 12:49:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Comments:	Kana leads 8:1.
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +16,2 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1390700">戦慄く・わななく</xref> +<misc>&uk;</misc>
2.	A 2012-04-17 03:06:17 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	meikyo has it too.
	Comments:	could be merged with わななく, but i suspect 戦く may be iK there
1.	A* 2012-04-17 02:36:26 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr, daijs, Luminous, ALC
	Comments:	Only daijs lists 慄く
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>慄く</keb> @@ -13,1 +16,1 @@ -<gloss>to shake</gloss> +<gloss>to shake (from fear, cold, excitement, etc.)</gloss> @@ -15,0 +18,1 @@ +<gloss>to tremble</gloss>

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jmdict 1395980 Active (id: 2162658)
全廃 [news1,nf11]
【ぜんぱい [news1,nf11] 】

1.

[n,vs,vt]
▶ total abolition
▶ full phase-out
▶ total repeal

Conjugations

History:

3.	A 2021-11-18 01:07:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos>
2.	A 2012-04-17 04:19:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, etc.
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +19,1 @@ +<gloss>total repeal</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-04-17 00:29:55 Marcus
	Refs:	eij
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +18,1 @@ +<gloss>full phase-out</gloss>

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jmdict 1414010 Active (id: 1092652)
大手 [ichi1,news1,nf01]
【おおて [ichi1,news1,nf01] 】

1.

[n,adj-no]
▶ major company
▶ big company

2.

[n,adj-no]
▶ front castle gate

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1567670 搦め手【からめて】 1. rear gate (esp. of castle); back entrance

3.

[n,adj-no]
▶ force attacking the front of a castle

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1567670 搦め手【からめて】 3. force attacking the rear of a castle

History:

3.	A 2012-04-17 04:17:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2012-04-17 03:00:15 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, gg5, meikyo
	Comments:	readings shouldn't be merged
	Diff:	@@ -16,3 +16,0 @@ -<r_ele> -<reb>おおで</reb> -</r_ele> @@ -22,1 +19,2 @@ -<gloss>major companies</gloss> +<gloss>major company</gloss> +<gloss>big company</gloss> @@ -27,0 +25,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1567670">搦め手・1</xref> @@ -32,2 +31,2 @@ -<gloss>both arms open</gloss> -<gloss>outstretched arms</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="1567670">搦め手・3</xref> +<gloss>force attacking the front of a castle</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-04-17 02:21:46 Marcus
	Comments:	most common usage
	Diff:	@@ -22,0 +22,5 @@ +<gloss>major companies</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -30,5 +35,0 @@ -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> -<gloss>major companies</gloss> -</sense>

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jmdict 1421790 Active (id: 1092651)
稚拙 [spec2,news2,nf38]
【ちせつ [spec2,news2,nf38] 】

1.

[adj-na,n]
▶ unskillful
▶ childish
▶ immature
▶ naive
▶ artless
▶ clumsy
▶ crude

History:

2.	A 2012-04-17 04:16:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, 新和英中辞典
	Diff:	@@ -22,0 +22,4 @@ +<gloss>naive</gloss> +<gloss>artless</gloss> +<gloss>clumsy</gloss> +<gloss>crude</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-04-17 02:14:57 Marcus
	Refs:	日本語WordNet(英和)
	Diff:	@@ -21,0 +21,1 @@ +<gloss>immature</gloss>

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jmdict 1456910 Active (id: 2107360)
突っかかる；突っ掛かる
【つっかかる】

1.	[v5r,vi] ▶ to charge ▶ to lunge ▶ to rush
2.	[v5r,vi] ▶ to flare up (at someone) ▶ to turn on (someone)
3.	[v5r,vi] ▶ to collide with ▶ to bump into

Conjugations

History:

4.	A 2021-07-09 20:48:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2021-07-09 05:15:39 Opencooper
	Refs:	K/M n-grams: 突っ掛かる 96 突っかかる 868 つっかかる 728
	Comments:	Almost [uk].
	Diff:	@@ -5 +5 @@ -<keb>突っ掛かる</keb> +<keb>突っかかる</keb> @@ -8 +8 @@ -<keb>突っかかる</keb> +<keb>突っ掛かる</keb>
2.	A 2012-04-17 04:18:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-04-17 03:53:10 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr, daijs, prog, Luminous
	Diff:	@@ -20,0 +20,12 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to flare up (at someone)</gloss> +<gloss>to turn on (someone)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to collide with</gloss> +<gloss>to bump into</gloss> +</sense>

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jmdict 1458920 Active (id: 2226346)
内定 [news1,nf08]
【ないてい [news1,nf08] 】

1.

[n,vs,vt,vi]
▶ tentative decision
▶ unofficial offer (esp. job offer)
▶ informal offer

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 1822790 本決まり 1. definite decision; final decision
	⇐ see: 2721280 内々定【ないないてい】 1. early unofficial job offer; informal promise of employment

Conjugations

History:

7.	A 2023-03-24 21:50:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5: 〔仮の[内々の]決定〕 (a) 「tentative [private] decision; 〔非公式の決定〕 (an) 「unofficial [informal] decision; (an) informal settlement; 〔就職の〕 a (tentative) job offer; an 「informal [unofficial] promise of employment. 中辞典: (an) informal [unofficial] decision; 〈採用の〉 informal acceptance for employment ルミナス: (非公式の決定) unofficial [informal] decision [C]; (就職の) promise of employment [C], informal employment contract [C]; (相手先からの仕事の申し出) job offer [C].
	Comments:	I think it's basically correct. Maybe the order should change.
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +20 @@ +<gloss>tentative decision</gloss> @@ -21 +22 @@ -<gloss>tentative decision</gloss> +<gloss>informal offer</gloss>
6.	A* 2023-03-24 03:42:52
	Refs:	Eijiro has 内定をもらう get an official job offer be made an offer
	Comments:	I don't think unofficial is right
5.	A 2021-11-18 01:21:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17,2 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos>
4.	A 2013-11-13 03:42:49 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -17,2 +17,2 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1822790">本決り</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="1822790">本決り</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1822790">本決まり</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1822790">本決まり</xref>
3.	A 2013-11-13 03:40:42 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	shinmeikai
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +17,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1822790">本決り</xref>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A 2012-04-17 04:20:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-04-17 03:34:07 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Comments:	Note “job offer” – heard as such repeatedly, given as such in GG5, and used as such in example sentence.
	Diff:	@@ -17,1 +17,1 @@ -<gloss>unofficial offer</gloss> +<gloss>unofficial offer (esp. job offer)</gloss>

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jmdict 1517740 Active (id: 2219262)
芳しくない；芳しく無い [sK]
【かんばしくない】

1.

[adj-i]
▶ poor
▶ not satisfactory
▶ undesirable
▶ unfavourable
▶ unfavorable
▶ disgraceful

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1578885 芳しい【かんばしい】 2. good (reputation, condition, results, etc.); favorable

Conjugations

History:

6.	A 2023-01-17 22:42:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2023-01-17 20:44:05 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 芳しくない　　 │ 104,700 │ 90.5% │ │ 芳しく無い　　 │ 1,630 │ 1.4% │ - sK │ かんばしくない │ 9,323 │ 8.1% │ ╰─ーーーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
4.	A 2017-10-09 03:25:41 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2017-10-08 19:54:02 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16,2 @@ +<gloss>not satisfactory</gloss> +<gloss>undesirable</gloss>
2.	A 2012-04-17 05:55:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2012-04-17 02:32:15 Marcus
	Refs:	24,600 results
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>芳しく無い</keb>

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jmdict 1530740 Active (id: 2088499)
無頓着
【むとんちゃく；むとんじゃく】

1.

[adj-na,n]
▶ indifferent
▶ unconcerned
▶ nonchalant
▶ unmindful
▶ inattentive
▶ careless

History:

6.	A 2020-11-21 19:59:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2020-11-21 15:35:23 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog
	Diff:	@@ -18 +18,3 @@ -<gloss>paying no attention to</gloss> +<gloss>nonchalant</gloss> +<gloss>unmindful</gloss> +<gloss>inattentive</gloss>
4.	A 2019-04-07 03:02:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2019-04-06 13:26:42
	Refs:	大辞林
	Comments:	「レミタがさらわれたという噂じゃが・・・もう見つかったのかの。どうも年をとると噂に無頓着でのう。」
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +18 @@ +<gloss>paying no attention to</gloss>
2.	A 2012-04-17 04:15:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2012-04-17 02:47:44 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, nc
	Comments:	'do not care about' is a crappy adjective
	Diff:	@@ -17,1 +17,2 @@ -<gloss>do not care about</gloss> +<gloss>unconcerned</gloss> +<gloss>careless</gloss>

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jmdict 1567670 Active (id: 2332948)
搦め手；搦手；からめ手 [sK] ；絡め手 [sK]
【からめて；からめで [ok] 】

1.

[n]
▶ rear gate (esp. of castle)
▶ back entrance

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1414010 大手【おおて】 2. front castle gate

2.

[n]
▶ (opponent's) weak point

3.

[n] [arch]
▶ force attacking the rear of a castle

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1414010 大手【おおて】 3. force attacking the front of a castle

4.

[n] [arch]
▶ official in charge of imprisoning offenders

History:

10.	A 2025-02-19 23:52:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9.	A* 2025-02-19 14:11:22 Sombrero1 <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Prog: 2 〔捕吏〕an arresting officer Nikk: （古くは「からめで」とも） Daijr about the fourth sense: "からめとる人。捕り手。" 捕り手 is archaic in this context. The example sentence given by it is from a story collection of the kamakura period (古今著聞集, ~1254). On top of that the "捕り手" sense is first in weblio古語. I think [arch] can be assumed here. I see the third sense only in daijs and nikkoku, daijs gives an example from the heike monogatari (kamakura). Nikk has 1185 as the earliest, and ~1807 as the latest dating. Probably also [arch].
	Comments:	Not sure about [uk] here, if massif is accurate then it probably isn't. The ngram count for からめて might also be inflated by the verb からめる (60k+ hits).
	Diff:	@@ -22,0 +23 @@ +<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf> @@ -36,0 +38 @@ +<misc>&arch;</misc> @@ -41 +43,2 @@ -<gloss>one who arrests</gloss> +<misc>&arch;</misc> +<gloss>official in charge of imprisoning offenders</gloss>
8.	A* 2025-02-19 13:22:58 GM <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs, meikyo, smk, sankoku 搦め手から攻め　 202 からめてから攻め 0 no [uk] examples on massif: https://massif.la/ja/search?q=搦め手 for reference see 恰も: https://massif.la/ja/search?q=恰も
	Comments:	daijs sense order. The 3rd and 4th sense might be archaic. meikyo, smk and sankoku only have the first 2 senses. I believe the n-grams are inflated.
	Diff:	@@ -27 +26,0 @@ -<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -33 +32 @@ -<gloss>one who arrests</gloss> +<gloss>(opponent's) weak point</gloss> @@ -42 +41 @@ -<gloss>(opponent's) weak point</gloss> +<gloss>one who arrests</gloss>
7.	A* 2025-02-19 00:29:59
	Comments:	Not a fan of "one who arrests"
6.	A 2025-02-18 10:42:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Just repeating that both プログレッシブ, GG5 and 中辞典 use からめ手 in examples. ルミナス uses kana. If the n-grams are accurate, this should be [uk].
	Diff:	@@ -26,0 +27 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
(show/hide 5 older log entries)
5.	A* 2025-02-18 09:08:54 GM <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	搦め手　 7,036 4.2% からめ手 2,419 1.4% -sK 搦手　　 7,823 4.7% -remove [io] (smk) 絡め手　 1,132 0.7% -sK からめて 148,363 88.4% からめで 1,008 0.6% smk: からめて【搦（め）手】
	Diff:	@@ -8 +8 @@ -<keb>からめ手</keb> +<keb>搦手</keb> @@ -11,2 +11,2 @@ -<keb>搦手</keb> -<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf> +<keb>からめ手</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -16 +16 @@ -<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
4.	A 2016-12-14 14:50:34 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2016-12-01 03:11:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	N-grams: 搦め手 7036 搦手 7823 <- inflated by it being a surname からめて 148363 <- probably inflated from other words in kana. からめ手 2419 <- GG5, etc. uses in examples 絡め手 1132
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@ +<keb>からめ手</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> @@ -9,0 +13,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>絡め手</keb> +<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf>
2.	A 2012-04-17 04:15:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-04-17 03:01:49 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs
	Diff:	@@ -5,1 +5,1 @@ -<keb>搦手</keb> +<keb>搦め手</keb> @@ -8,1 +8,2 @@ -<keb>搦め手</keb> +<keb>搦手</keb> +<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf> @@ -13,0 +14,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>からめで</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -15,0 +19,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1414010">大手・おおて・2</xref> @@ -24,0 +29,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1414010">大手・おおて・3</xref>

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jmdict 1570800 Active (id: 1092660)
胚芽；はい芽
【はいが】

1.

[n] {botany}
▶ germ (of a cereal, e.g. wheat, rice)
▶ embryo bud

History:

2.	A 2012-04-17 05:55:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-04-16 11:43:14 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	* [fld=bot] * Clarify gloss
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +15,2 @@ +<field>&bot;</field> +<gloss>germ (of a cereal, e.g. wheat, rice)</gloss> @@ -16,1 +18,0 @@ -<gloss>germ</gloss>

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jmdict 1580640 Active (id: 2133277)
人 [ichi1]
【ひと [ichi1] ；ヒト (nokanji) 】

1.

[n]
▶ person
▶ someone
▶ somebody

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1730670 人っ子【ひとっこ】 1. person; man

2.

[n]
▶ human beings
▶ mankind
▶ man
▶ people
▶ humans

3.

[n] [uk]
《usu. ヒト》
▶ human (Homo sapiens)

4.

[n]
▶ (other) people
▶ others

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1581400 他人【たにん】 1. another person; other people; others

5.

[n]
▶ character
▶ personality
▶ nature

6.

[n]
▶ capable person
▶ competent person
▶ suitable person
▶ right person

7.

[n]
▶ adult
▶ grown-up

8.

[n]
《used when rebuking or criticizing someone》
▶ I
▶ me
▶ one

History:

9.	A 2021-07-30 08:01:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I've done some reindexing of sentences.
8.	A* 2021-07-30 00:43:10 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, gg5, prog, wisdom
	Comments:	I think the "other people" sense should be higher. Added sense.
	Diff:	@@ -18 +17,0 @@ -<gloss>man</gloss> @@ -19,0 +19,2 @@ +<gloss>someone</gloss> +<gloss>somebody</gloss> @@ -23 +24 @@ -<gloss>human being</gloss> +<gloss>human beings</gloss> @@ -24,0 +26 @@ +<gloss>man</gloss> @@ -25,0 +28 @@ +<gloss>humans</gloss> @@ -29,0 +33 @@ +<s_inf>usu. ヒト</s_inf> @@ -31 +35,5 @@ -<gloss>humans (as a species)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>(other) people</gloss> +<gloss>others</gloss> @@ -36,0 +45 @@ +<gloss>nature</gloss> @@ -40,8 +49,4 @@ -<gloss>man of talent</gloss> -<gloss>true man</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<gloss>another person</gloss> -<gloss>other people</gloss> -<gloss>others</gloss> +<gloss>capable person</gloss> +<gloss>competent person</gloss> +<gloss>suitable person</gloss> +<gloss>right person</gloss> @@ -51,0 +57,8 @@ +<gloss>grown-up</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<s_inf>used when rebuking or criticizing someone</s_inf> +<gloss>I</gloss> +<gloss>me</gloss> +<gloss>one</gloss>
7.	A 2021-07-28 01:17:41 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2021-07-28 01:08:13 Nicolas Maia
	Diff:	@@ -31 +31 @@ -<gloss>humans as a species</gloss> +<gloss>humans (as a species)</gloss>
5.	A 2012-04-18 01:12:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)
4.	A* 2012-04-17 13:12:29 Marcus
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ヒト
	Diff:	@@ -29,0 +29,6 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>human (Homo sapiens)</gloss> +<gloss>humans as a species</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos>
3.	A* 2012-04-17 13:07:05 Marcus
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ヒト
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +11,4 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ヒト</reb> +<re_nokanji/>
2.	A 2012-02-10 04:04:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-02-09 22:08:35 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	synching with 他人[ひと]
	Diff:	@@ -35,0 +35,2 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1581400">他人・ひと・1</xref> +<gloss>another person</gloss> @@ -36,0 +38,1 @@ +<gloss>others</gloss>

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jmdict 1605920 Active (id: 2277388)
葦簀；葦簾；葭簀 [rK]
【よしず】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ reed screen

History:

4.	A 2023-09-19 00:31:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2023-09-19 00:19:19 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	葦簀 2382 5.7% 葦簾 1608 3.8% 葭簀 833 2.0% よしず 29504 70.5% ヨシズ 7359 17.6% よし簀 26 0.1% 葦ず 127 0.3%
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
2.	A 2012-04-18 13:25:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-04-17 13:36:38 Marcus
	Refs:	389k for kana vs 30k, 9k, 18k
	Diff:	@@ -8,1 +8,1 @@ -<keb>葭簀</keb> +<keb>葦簾</keb> @@ -11,1 +11,1 @@ -<keb>葦簾</keb> +<keb>葭簀</keb> @@ -18,0 +18,1 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>

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jmdict 1693200 Active (id: 2360093)
愕然；がく然 [sK]
【がくぜん】

1.

[adj-t,adv-to]
《usu. as ～とする》
▶ astonished
▶ shocked
▶ amazed
▶ astounded
▶ aghast

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2172610 駭然【がいぜん】 1. astonished; very surprised

History:

10.	A 2026-02-11 01:37:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Going for the simpler option. The JEs are all over the place on this.
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17 @@ +<s_inf>usu. as ～とする</s_inf>
9.	A* 2026-01-21 08:47:22 Sombrero1
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 愕然と　　 │ 355,126 │ 69.3% │ │ 愕然とした │ 108,194 │ 21.1% │ │ 愕然として │ 48,246 │ 9.4% │ │ 愕然たる　 │ 727 │ 0.1% │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯ Massif examples are all ～とする: https://massif.la/ja/search?q=愕然 Same on reverso: https://context.reverso.net/translation/japanese-english/愕然 Kokugo examples are also overwhelmingly ～とする .
	Comments:	[adj-t] is rarely encountered, In principle I don't think it should be the first PoS. At the same time it's far more unsightly to try and gloss this as an adverb. On top of the fact that adjectival glosses are the most appropriate option, because the ～とする construction literally translates into "(to) be astounded", or just "astounded" if it's used as a 連体修飾語. Could leave the PoSs like this and just have a note "usu. as ～とする". Alternatively you could switch the PoSs, but retain the former glosses with a note "usu. adjectivally as ～とする". I think a note would be helpful in general. Hmmm
8.	A 2022-08-17 06:49:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7.	A* 2022-08-16 15:59:11 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Rare mazegaki
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
6.	A 2022-05-10 12:13:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 5 older log entries)
5.	A* 2022-05-09 16:39:14 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts 461,676 96.2% 愕然 10,950 2.3% がく然 7,180 1.5% がくぜん
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>がく然</keb>
4.	A 2017-09-17 22:50:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2017-09-17 16:02:31 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, koj, gg5
	Comments:	As Rene said, this isn't a noun.
	Diff:	@@ -11 +10,0 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -14,4 +13,5 @@ -<gloss>astonishment</gloss> -<gloss>shock</gloss> -<gloss>amazement</gloss> -<gloss>terror</gloss> +<gloss>astonished</gloss> +<gloss>shocked</gloss> +<gloss>amazed</gloss> +<gloss>astounded</gloss> +<gloss>aghast</gloss>
2.	A 2012-04-17 03:03:41 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	gg5 has 'terror'. it can probably stay as a final gloss. incidentally, i don't think this is really a noun
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +17,1 @@ +<gloss>terror</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-04-16 21:09:49 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr, daijs, Luminous, prog
	Diff:	@@ -15,1 +15,2 @@ -<gloss>terror</gloss> +<gloss>shock</gloss> +<gloss>amazement</gloss>

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jmdict 1694800 Active (id: 2278672)
お構いなし；お構い無し [sK] ；御構い無し [sK] ；御構いなし [sK]
【おかまいなし】

1.	[n] 《oft. as 〜に》 ▶ having no thought for ▶ having no consideration for ▶ having no regard for ▶ not caring about
2.	[n] ▶ disregarding ▶ overlooking
3.	[n] [arch] ▶ being found not guilty (in an Edo-period court) ▶ acquittal

History:

6.	A 2023-10-01 02:17:52 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -11,0 +13 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -14,0 +17 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
5.	A 2020-11-22 05:29:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2020-11-22 01:25:59 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, daijr/s お構いなし 212710 お構いなしに 83443
	Comments:	This is a noun in the kokugos. I don't think it should be glossed as an adjective.
	Diff:	@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ -<pos>&exp;</pos> -<pos>&adj-na;</pos> -<xref type="see" seq="1530740">無頓着</xref> -<gloss>unmindful</gloss> -<gloss>without care for others</gloss> -<gloss>inconsiderate</gloss> -<gloss>unconcerned</gloss> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<s_inf>oft. as 〜に</s_inf> +<gloss>having no thought for</gloss> +<gloss>having no consideration for</gloss> +<gloss>having no regard for</gloss> +<gloss>not caring about</gloss> @@ -29 +28 @@ -<pos>&exp;</pos> +<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -31,0 +31,6 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<misc>&arch;</misc> +<gloss>being found not guilty (in an Edo-period court)</gloss> +<gloss>acquittal</gloss>
3.	A 2012-04-17 02:48:47 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2012-04-16 23:57:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, GG5
	Comments:	Sorted on hits. It's usually an adverb - お構いなしに. Sense 2 is in GG5 only as examples (お構いなしという...): - 君の問題は今回はお構いなしという結論になった. It's been decided to take no further action in your case. - 彼はまったくお構いなしということに決まった. It was decided that he has nothing to answer for.
	Diff:	@@ -4,0 +4,6 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>お構いなし</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>お構い無し</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -10,3 +16,0 @@ -<k_ele> -<keb>お構いなし</keb> -</k_ele> @@ -17,0 +20,1 @@ +<pos>&exp;</pos> @@ -18,1 +22,7 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1530740">無頓着</xref> +<gloss>unmindful</gloss> +<gloss>without care for others</gloss> +<gloss>inconsiderate</gloss> +<gloss>unconcerned</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> @@ -20,3 +30,2 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1530740">無頓着</xref> -<gloss>being unmindful</gloss> -<gloss>without care for others</gloss> +<gloss>disregarding</gloss> +<gloss>overlooking</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2012-04-16 14:25:36 Scott
	Refs:	daij
	Diff:	@@ -4,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>御構い無し</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -16,0 +19,2 @@ +<pos>&exp;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1530740">無頓着</xref> @@ -17,0 +22,1 @@ +<gloss>without care for others</gloss>

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jmdict 1729710 Active (id: 2146861)
二刀流
【にとうりゅう】

1.

[n]
▶ liking both alcohol and sweets
▶ person who likes both liquor and sweets

2.

[n] [col]
▶ bisexuality

3.

[n] {baseball}
▶ player who can play as both pitcher and fielder

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2850601 三刀流【さんとうりゅう】 2. player who can play as pitcher, fielder and batter

4.

[n]
《orig. meaning》
▶ dual sword wielding
▶ two-sword fencing

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2826577 二天一流 1. style of classical Japanese swordsmanship involving use of two swords

History:

9.	A 2021-09-17 04:57:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8.	A* 2021-09-17 02:11:07 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	moving literal sense
	Diff:	@@ -10,6 +9,0 @@ -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<xref type="see" seq="2826577">二天一流</xref> -<gloss>two-sword school</gloss> -<gloss g_type="expl">style of fencing with one sword in each hand</gloss> -</sense> @@ -29,0 +24,7 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="2826577">二天一流</xref> +<s_inf>orig. meaning</s_inf> +<gloss>dual sword wielding</gloss> +<gloss>two-sword fencing</gloss>
7.	A 2015-01-20 05:26:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2015-01-19 23:42:55 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2826577">二天一流</xref> @@ -21,0 +23,5 @@ +<misc>&col;</misc> +<gloss>bisexuality</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos>
5.	A* 2015-01-15 06:56:29 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:二刀� ��の野球選手 http://tv.pacificleague.jp/vod/pc/topics/motp/4966
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>style of fencing with a sword in each hand</gloss> +<gloss>two-sword school</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">style of fencing with one sword in each hand</gloss> @@ -18,0 +20,5 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<field>&baseb;</field> +<gloss>player who can play as both pitcher and fielder</gloss> +</sense>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)
4.	A 2012-04-19 00:30:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2012-04-17 06:05:00
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,1 @@ -<gloss>school which teaches the techniques of fencing with a sword in each hand</gloss> +<gloss>style of fencing with a sword in each hand</gloss>
2.	A 2011-09-12 10:34:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	新和英中辞典, etc. too.
1.	A* 2011-09-12 06:59:44 Paul Upchurch
	Refs:	daijr daijs
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +13,4 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>liking both alcohol and sweets</gloss>

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jmdict 1853450 Active (id: 2297165)
締め [news1,nf23] ；〆
【しめ [news1,nf23] ；シメ (nokanji) 】

1.

[n]
▶ tying up
▶ binding
▶ fastening
▶ tightening

2.

[n]
▶ total
▶ sum

3.

[n]
▶ conclusion (e.g. of a gathering)
▶ end
▶ finish
▶ rounding off

4.

[n]
▶ final meal after a drinking party

5.

[n] {food, cooking}
▶ dish made after eating a hot pot by adding rice or noodles to the leftover broth

6.

[n] [abbr]
▶ deadline
▶ closing
▶ cut-off

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1594590 締め切り 1. deadline; closing; cut-off

7.

[n] {martial arts}
▶ choking technique (in judo)
▶ stranglehold

8.

[n]
《written as 〆 over the sealable flap of an envelope》
▶ closure mark

9.

[ctr]
▶ counter for bundles (of wood, cotton, etc.)

10.

[ctr]
▶ counter for reams of 2000 sheets of Japanese writing paper

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1479360 半紙 1. Japanese calligraphy paper (approx. 25cm by 35cm)

History:

11.	A 2024-04-06 20:52:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	It's from 締め切り. Could be 締め.
	Diff:	@@ -50 +49,0 @@ -<stagk>〆</stagk> @@ -51,0 +51 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1594590">締め切り・1</xref> @@ -53,0 +54,2 @@ +<gloss>closing</gloss> +<gloss>cut-off</gloss>
10.	A* 2024-04-04 00:53:55 Nicolas Maia
	Comments:	Saw it as 件名：【4/8（月）回答〆】 in an email.
	Diff:	@@ -47,0 +48,6 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<stagk>〆</stagk> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<misc>&abbr;</misc> +<gloss>deadline</gloss>
9.	A 2022-08-07 11:53:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8.	A* 2022-08-07 10:24:20 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, daij, luminous https://cancam.jp/archives/534965 https://www.excite.co.jp/news/article/Searchina_20180403036/ jwiki: 鍋料理の終盤、具材を食べ終わった鍋の中に残っているスープに一工夫を加えて味わい尽くす食べ方。 https://otonanswer.jp/post/102005/
	Comments:	I don't think sense 4 has anything to do with restaurant hopping. I don't think the counter senses should be merged.
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>シメ</reb> +<re_nokanji/> +</r_ele> @@ -19,2 +23,2 @@ -<gloss>tie up</gloss> -<gloss>bind</gloss> +<gloss>tying up</gloss> +<gloss>binding</gloss> @@ -25,0 +30 @@ +<gloss>total</gloss> @@ -27,2 +32,16 @@ -<gloss>total amount</gloss> -<gloss>total</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>conclusion (e.g. of a gathering)</gloss> +<gloss>end</gloss> +<gloss>finish</gloss> +<gloss>rounding off</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>final meal after a drinking party</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<field>&food;</field> +<gloss>dish made after eating a hot pot by adding rice or noodles to the leftover broth</gloss> @@ -33 +52,2 @@ -<gloss>judo choking (strangling) techniques</gloss> +<gloss>choking technique (in judo)</gloss> +<gloss>stranglehold</gloss> @@ -37,9 +57,2 @@ -<field>&food;</field> -<gloss>last meal eaten when going restaurant hopping</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<xref type="see" seq="1436580">締めくくり・しめくくり</xref> -<gloss>completion</gloss> -<gloss>conclusion</gloss> -<gloss>rounding off</gloss> +<s_inf>written as 〆 over the sealable flap of an envelope</s_inf> +<gloss>closure mark</gloss> @@ -49,2 +62 @@ -<gloss>counter for bundles (wood, etc.)</gloss> -<gloss>counter for bundles of 2000 sheets of paper</gloss> +<gloss>counter for bundles (of wood, cotton, etc.)</gloss> @@ -53,4 +65,3 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> -<s_inf>esp. 〆</s_inf> -<gloss>end mark</gloss> -<gloss>closure mark</gloss> +<pos>&ctr;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1479360">半紙</xref> +<gloss>counter for reams of 2000 sheets of Japanese writing paper</gloss>
7.	A 2022-08-04 20:48:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Hmmm.
	Diff:	@@ -49 +49 @@ -<gloss>counter for bundles</gloss> +<gloss>counter for bundles (wood, etc.)</gloss>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)
6.	A* 2022-08-04 13:59:14 Benjamin Olson <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Unnecessary word with an offensive meaning. Already covered in "counter for bundles" and really should not be in here.
	Diff:	@@ -50 +49,0 @@ -<gloss>counter for faggots</gloss>
5.	A 2012-09-06 12:32:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK. I think the counters can be merged. Koj puts 〆 into quite a few of the 締め... entries.
	Diff:	@@ -41,3 +41,5 @@ -<pos>&ctr;</pos> -<gloss>counter for bundles</gloss> -<gloss>faggot</gloss> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1436580">締めくくり・しめくくり</xref> +<gloss>completion</gloss> +<gloss>conclusion</gloss> +<gloss>rounding off</gloss> @@ -47,0 +49,2 @@ +<gloss>counter for bundles</gloss> +<gloss>counter for faggots</gloss> @@ -49,0 +53,6 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<s_inf>esp. 〆</s_inf> +<gloss>end mark</gloss> +<gloss>closure mark</gloss> +</sense>
4.	A* 2012-09-06 08:27:05 Marcus
	Refs:	daijs daijr nikk
	Comments:	4 and 5 could be merged but I made them separate since it seemed worthwhile to specifically mention that when it's a counter for bundles of paper, it's specifically 2000 sheets in one bundle
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +19,7 @@ +<gloss>tie up</gloss> +<gloss>bind</gloss> +<gloss>fastening</gloss> +<gloss>tightening</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -33,0 +40,9 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&ctr;</pos> +<gloss>counter for bundles</gloss> +<gloss>faggot</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&ctr;</pos> +<gloss>counter for bundles of 2000 sheets of paper</gloss> +</sense>
3.	A* 2012-09-06 00:06:17 Marcus
	Refs:	nikk, daijs
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +8,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>〆</keb>
2.	A 2012-04-18 00:18:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -28,1 +28,1 @@ -<gloss>the last meal eaten when going restaurant hopping</gloss> +<gloss>last meal eaten when going restaurant hopping</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-04-17 11:47:45 Scott
	Refs:	daij
	Diff:	@@ -16,1 +16,7 @@ -<gloss>summing up</gloss> +<gloss>sum</gloss> +<gloss>total amount</gloss> +<gloss>total</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<field>&MA;</field> @@ -19,0 +25,5 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<field>&food;</field> +<gloss>the last meal eaten when going restaurant hopping</gloss> +</sense>

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jmdict 1925270 Active (id: 2327434)

ヤンママ

1.

[n]
《ヤン from ヤンキー or ヤング》
▶ young mother (sometimes previously a juvenile delinquent)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1136370 ヤンキー 1. delinquent (youth); delinquency
	⇒ see: 1136400 ヤング 1. young
	⇐ see: 2703570 ヤンパパ 1. young father

History:

13.	A 2024-12-15 22:41:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5: a young mother who was a delinquent in her teens. ルミナス: teen mother; (特に, 元不良の) young mother who was once a juvenile delinquent
	Comments:	I think one sense is OK. No need to put age.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<gloss>young mother (i.e. early twenties or younger, sometimes previously a juvenile delinquent)</gloss> +<gloss>young mother (sometimes previously a juvenile delinquent)</gloss>
12.	A* 2024-12-15 13:14:32 parfait8
	Comments:	sankoku splits into two senses which i think might work better here "i.e. early twenties or younger" probably not needed either way
11.	A 2024-12-15 13:05:13 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -9 +9 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1136370">ヤンキー・2</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1136370">ヤンキー・1</xref> @@ -11 +11 @@ -<s_inf>ヤン is from ヤンキー or ヤング</s_inf> +<s_inf>ヤン from ヤンキー or ヤング</s_inf>
10.	A 2012-04-19 02:41:25 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
9.	A* 2012-04-17 11:31:18 Marcus
	Comments:	I think "sometimes" might be better (since it depends on whether you use it to mean ヤング or ヤンキー)
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,1 @@ -<gloss>young mother (i.e. early twenties or younger, often previously a juvenile delinquent)</gloss> +<gloss>young mother (i.e. early twenties or younger, sometimes previously a juvenile delinquent)</gloss>
(show/hide 8 older log entries)
8.	A 2012-04-17 05:56:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7.	A* 2012-04-17 05:47:23 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	perhaps this?
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,1 @@ -<gloss>young mother (in her early twenties or younger)</gloss> +<gloss>young mother (i.e. early twenties or younger, often previously a juvenile delinquent)</gloss>
6.	A* 2012-04-17 04:14:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5: "a young mother who was a delinquent in her teens." ルミナス: "teen mother; (特に, 元不良の) young mother who was once a juvenile delinquent"
	Comments:	Can we really drop the "delinquent" part?
5.	A* 2012-04-17 02:42:48 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs
	Diff:	@@ -10,2 +10,2 @@ -<s_inf>now often read as 'young mother'</s_inf> -<lsource ls_wasei="y">yankee mama</lsource> +<xref type="see" seq="1136400">ヤング</xref> +<s_inf>ヤン is from ヤンキー or ヤング</s_inf>
4.	A* 2012-04-17 02:19:14 Marcus
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ヤンマ� �
	Diff:	@@ -9,5 +9,0 @@ -<lsource ls_wasei="y">young mama</lsource> -<gloss>young mother in her early twenties</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -15,0 +10,1 @@ +<s_inf>now often read as 'young mother'</s_inf> @@ -16,1 +12,1 @@ -<gloss>delinquent girl who has grown up and become a mother</gloss> +<gloss>young mother (in her early twenties or younger)</gloss>
3.	A* 2012-04-17 00:20:08 Marcus
	Diff:	@@ -16,1 +16,1 @@ -<gloss>delinquent girl who has grown up and married</gloss> +<gloss>delinquent girl who has grown up and become a mother</gloss>
2.	A 2012-04-16 10:42:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-04-16 07:49:06 Marcus
	Diff:	@@ -14,2 +14,3 @@ -<lsource ls_wasei="y">Yankee mama</lsource> -<gloss>"Yankee" (i.e. delinquent) girl who has grown up and married</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="1136370">ヤンキー・2</xref> +<lsource ls_wasei="y">yankee mama</lsource> +<gloss>delinquent girl who has grown up and married</gloss>

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jmdict 2005620 Rejected (id: 1092777)
イケ面；いけ面
【イケめん (イケ面)；いけめん (いけ面)；イケメン (nokanji) 】

1.

[n] [uk]
《poss. from イケてるメンズ》
▶ good-looking guy
▶ handsome man
▶ hunk
▶ Adonis
▶ cool guy

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2005630 イケてる 1. cool; stylish; good-looking; fashionable; sexy
	⇒ see: 1486560 美男 1. handsome man

History:

9.	R 2012-04-19 02:22:49 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Yes, better before.
8.	A* 2012-04-19 00:16:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Eh? The online 大辞林 has "容姿がすぐれている男性。〔若者語。「いけてる（=かっこいい) 」の略に「面」あるいは「メン（men）」をつけたものといわれる〕"
7.	A* 2012-04-17 11:28:11 Marcus
	Refs:	daijr
	Diff:	@@ -27,1 +27,1 @@ -<s_inf>poss. from イケてるメン</s_inf> +<s_inf>poss. from イケてるメンズ</s_inf>
6.	A 2012-04-17 02:51:48 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	and moving 'cool guy' to the end
	Diff:	@@ -28,1 +28,0 @@ -<gloss>cool guy</gloss> @@ -32,1 +31,2 @@ -<gloss>an Adonis</gloss> +<gloss>Adonis</gloss> +<gloss>cool guy</gloss>
5.	A* 2012-04-16 14:37:21 Scott
	Comments:	energetic man? Or is that Australian slang?
	Diff:	@@ -25,0 +25,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1486560">美男</xref> @@ -28,1 +29,2 @@ -<gloss>good-looking, energetic man</gloss> +<gloss>good-looking guy</gloss> +<gloss>handsome man</gloss> @@ -30,0 +32,1 @@ +<gloss>an Adonis</gloss>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)
4.	A 2012-04-16 11:16:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I quite liked it.
	Diff:	@@ -26,0 +26,1 @@ +<s_inf>poss. from イケてるメン</s_inf>
3.	A* 2012-04-16 07:12:25 Marcus
	Refs:	is the etymology note necessary?
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +7,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>いけ面</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -9,0 +12,5 @@ +<re_restr>イケ面</re_restr> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>いけめん</reb> +<re_restr>いけ面</re_restr> @@ -16,2 +24,2 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2163220">フツメン</xref> -<s_inf>poss. from イケてるメン</s_inf> +<xref type="see" seq="2005630">イケてる</xref> +<misc>&uk;</misc>
2.	A 2011-03-22 00:35:21 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2011-03-21 19:20:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Tidying.
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +8,3 @@ +<reb>イケめん</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> @@ -10,3 +13,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>イケめん</reb>

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jmdict 2005620 Active (id: 2179206)
イケ面；いけ面
【いけめん；イケメン (nokanji) [spec1] 】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ good-looking guy
▶ handsome man
▶ hunk
▶ Adonis
▶ cool guy

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2005630 イケてる 1. cool; stylish; good-looking; fashionable; sexy
	⇒ see: 2815510 メン 1. men; man
	⇐ see: 2855003 池様【いけさま】 1. good-looking guy; handsome man
	⇐ see: 2839100 イケボ 1. attractive male voice; sexy male voice
	⇐ see: 2163280 逝け面【いけめん】 1. exceptionally ugly man
	⇐ see: 2163220 フツメン 1. average-looking guy
	⇐ see: 2163290 シケメン 1. drab, depressed man
	⇐ see: 2163260 ブサメン 1. ugly man
	⇐ see: 2163250 キモメン 1. repulsive man
	⇐ see: 2163270 ダサメン 1. unfashionable and unattractive man

History:

17.	A 2022-02-17 13:14:26 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -11,4 +10,0 @@ -<reb>イケめん</reb> -<re_restr>イケ面</re_restr> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> @@ -16 +11,0 @@ -<re_restr>いけ面</re_restr>
16.	A 2021-08-15 05:43:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	All the time! We accepted it when Scott suggested it in 2012. I don't see an argument for deleting it.
	Diff:	@@ -30,0 +31 @@ +<gloss>Adonis</gloss>
15.	A* 2021-08-15 03:45:59 Nicolas Maia
	Comments:	Do people still say this?
	Diff:	@@ -31 +30,0 @@ -<gloss>Adonis</gloss>
14.	A 2018-09-19 11:40:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://www.edrdg.org/cgi-bin/wwwjdic/wwwjdic?1MDJ��
	Comments:	Yes, it worked that way.
13.	A* 2018-09-18 10:13:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Reopen.
(show/hide 12 older log entries)
12.	A 2018-09-18 10:12:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	イケメン 1486859
	Comments:	I think just tagging the kana will trigger it. I'll approve and then reopen to check after the next issue.
	Diff:	@@ -20,0 +21 @@ +<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
11.	A* 2018-09-18 08:40:01
	Comments:	Could we add a prio tag of some sort to make sure this appears above the obscure 逝けめん in more apps?
10.	A 2014-04-23 02:08:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I agree that the note can go - the xref(s) should cover it. I've suggested an entry for メン.
	Diff:	@@ -24,0 +25 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2815510">メン</xref> @@ -26 +26,0 @@ -<s_inf>poss. from イケてるメン</s_inf>
9.	A* 2014-04-23 01:32:12 Marcus Richert
	Refs:	daijr: 「いけてる（=かっこいい）」の略に「面」あるいは「メン（men）」をつけたものといわれる〕 daijs: 《「いけ」は「いけてる」の略、「めん」は「面」と「men」を掛けた言葉。
	Comments:	I (still) think the note is a little odd. the イケ part is def. from "行けてる", while メン is probably a pun on both 面 and メン. _ the xref to 美男 seems unnecessary
	Diff:	@@ -25 +24,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1486560">美男</xref>
8.	A 2012-04-21 09:57:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Perhaps we need an entry for イケてるメンズ.
7.	A* 2012-04-19 03:16:47 Marcus
	Comments:	This is really odd, I'm sure I saw the "メンズ" in either daijr or daijs, but I can't find it in either now. That said, "メン" version gets 41,300 results, while the "メンズ" version gets 394,000 results. (I'm fine with either version though, just thought it should be mentioned, for the record)
6.	A 2012-04-17 02:51:48 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	and moving 'cool guy' to the end
	Diff:	@@ -28,1 +28,0 @@ -<gloss>cool guy</gloss> @@ -32,1 +31,2 @@ -<gloss>an Adonis</gloss> +<gloss>Adonis</gloss> +<gloss>cool guy</gloss>
5.	A* 2012-04-16 14:37:21 Scott
	Comments:	energetic man? Or is that Australian slang?
	Diff:	@@ -25,0 +25,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1486560">美男</xref> @@ -28,1 +29,2 @@ -<gloss>good-looking, energetic man</gloss> +<gloss>good-looking guy</gloss> +<gloss>handsome man</gloss> @@ -30,0 +32,1 @@ +<gloss>an Adonis</gloss>
4.	A 2012-04-16 11:16:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I quite liked it.
	Diff:	@@ -26,0 +26,1 @@ +<s_inf>poss. from イケてるメン</s_inf>
3.	A* 2012-04-16 07:12:25 Marcus
	Refs:	is the etymology note necessary?
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +7,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>いけ面</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -9,0 +12,5 @@ +<re_restr>イケ面</re_restr> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>いけめん</reb> +<re_restr>いけ面</re_restr> @@ -16,2 +24,2 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2163220">フツメン</xref> -<s_inf>poss. from イケてるメン</s_inf> +<xref type="see" seq="2005630">イケてる</xref> +<misc>&uk;</misc>
2.	A 2011-03-22 00:35:21 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2011-03-21 19:20:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Tidying.
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +8,3 @@ +<reb>イケめん</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> @@ -10,3 +13,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>イケめん</reb>

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jmdict 2069560 Active (id: 1996822)
耳を傾ける；耳をかたむける
【みみをかたむける】

1.

[exp,v1] [id]
▶ to lend an ear
▶ to hearken
▶ to give an ear to
▶ to listen carefully

Conjugations

History:

5.	A 2019-02-09 07:25:55 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<misc>&id;</misc>
4.	A 2012-04-19 04:57:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2012-04-17 13:05:28 Marcus
	Refs:	187,000 results, maybe worth including?
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>耳をかたむける</keb>
2.	A 2010-12-24 06:05:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Added additional PoS via batch update.Added additional PoS via batch update. -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<pos>&v1;</pos>
1.	A 2005-12-22 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2072300 Active (id: 1092709)

チンパンジー

1.

[n]
▶ common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)
▶ chimpanzee
▶ chimp

History:

3.	A 2012-04-18 00:23:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2012-04-17 13:24:44 Marcus
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/チンパ� �ジー
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +9,1 @@ +<gloss>common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)</gloss>
1.	A 2005-12-22 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2520090 Active (id: 2149736)
ヒト科
【ヒトか】

1.

[n]
▶ Hominidae (family of great apes)

History:

4.	A 2021-10-07 01:20:54 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12 @@ -<gloss>Hominidae</gloss> -<gloss g_type="expl">family of great apes</gloss> +<gloss>Hominidae (family of great apes)</gloss>
3.	A 2012-04-19 00:23:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2012-04-17 13:10:12 Marcus
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>Hominidae (family comprising of chimpanzees, gorillas, humans and orangutans)</gloss> +<gloss>Hominidae</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">family of great apes</gloss>
1.	A 2009-11-14 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2692730 Active (id: 2309982)
ガラ携
【ガラケー (nokanji)；ガラけい；ガラケイ [sk] 】

1.

[n] [col,abbr,uk]
▶ (Japanese) feature phone (as opposed to a smartphone)
▶ mobile phone designed for the Japanese market (with specialized features only available in Japan)

Cross references:
	⇔ see: 2861781 【ガラパゴスケータイ】 1. (Japanese) feature phone (as opposed to a smartphone); mobile phone designed for the Japanese market (with specialized features only available in Japan)

History:

16.	A 2024-08-26 22:39:32 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://sierrablue.cocolog-nifty.com/knulp/2019/07/post-b07921.html
	Comments:	These are not necessarily flip phones.
	Diff:	@@ -26,7 +25,0 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<misc>&col;</misc> -<misc>&abbr;</misc> -<misc>&uk;</misc> -<gloss>Flip phone</gloss>
15.	A* 2024-08-26 22:27:52 James <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Added "flip phone" to help people searching in Engilsh
	Diff:	@@ -25,0 +26,7 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<misc>&col;</misc> +<misc>&abbr;</misc> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>Flip phone</gloss>
14.	A 2024-06-25 15:12:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
13.	A* 2024-06-25 10:25:23 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Aligning. Judging from web hits, ガラケイ is rare compared to ガラケー.
	Diff:	@@ -8,3 +7,0 @@ -<reb>ガラけい</reb> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> @@ -14,0 +12,3 @@ +<reb>ガラけい</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> @@ -16 +16 @@ -<re_nokanji/> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -20 +20,2 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2692740">ガラパゴス化</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2861781">ガラパゴスケータイ</xref> +<misc>&col;</misc> @@ -23,3 +24,2 @@ -<misc>&col;</misc> -<gloss>(Japanese) feature phone</gloss> -<gloss>traditional Japanese-style cell phone (in contrast to smart phones)</gloss> +<gloss>(Japanese) feature phone (as opposed to a smartphone)</gloss> +<gloss>mobile phone designed for the Japanese market (with specialized features only available in Japan)</gloss>
12.	A 2024-06-24 15:52:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think ガラ携 are the sorts of things described in that article.
	Diff:	@@ -25 +24,0 @@ -<gloss>(Japanese) dumbphone</gloss>
(show/hide 11 older log entries)
11.	A* 2024-06-23 21:09:50 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20240515-the-dumbphones-people-want-are-hard-to-find
	Diff:	@@ -24,0 +25 @@ +<gloss>(Japanese) dumbphone</gloss>
10.	A 2020-07-24 23:16:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Drop it. Can this be labelled "dated" now?
	Diff:	@@ -28 +27,0 @@ -<gloss>"Galapagos" cell phone (Japanese brand)</gloss>
9.	A* 2020-07-24 14:45:21 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	"Galapagos" cell phone (Japanese brand) looks quite questionable to me.
8.	A 2013-08-19 09:45:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7.	A* 2013-08-18 10:13:45 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	en:WP http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_phone
	Comments:	Add briefer gloss “feature phone”, which is the usual English term for this category of phones. ガラケー is specifically Japanese though, so I’ve added (Japanese).
	Diff:	@@ -24,0 +24,1 @@ +<gloss>(Japanese) feature phone</gloss>
6.	A 2013-06-04 06:17:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2013-06-04 05:46:59 Marcus Richert
	Refs:	-"ガラケイ"　"ガラケー" 581k "ガラケイ"　-"ガラケー" 11k "ガラ携" 9.8k (b)
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +11,4 @@ +<reb>ガラケー</reb> +<re_nokanji/> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> @@ -18,0 +22,2 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<misc>&col;</misc>
4.	A 2012-04-19 00:20:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think a phone can be endemic.
	Diff:	@@ -18,2 +18,2 @@ -<gloss>traditional Japanese-style cell phone (in contrast with smart phones)</gloss> -<gloss>"Galapagos" cell phone (because endemic to Japan)</gloss> +<gloss>traditional Japanese-style cell phone (in contrast to smart phones)</gloss> +<gloss>"Galapagos" cell phone (Japanese brand)</gloss>
3.	A* 2012-04-17 08:46:16 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://www5a.biglobe.ne.jp/~dabomb/smartphone_02_garakei.html
	Comments:	* Fix definition – actually means “non-smart phone” Sorry about this – “Galapagos” brand exists, but this actually means Japanese-style cell phones, specifically in contrast to スマートフォン. (This was discussed in class today, and some web searching revealed the problem.)
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +16,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2692740">ガラパゴス化</xref> @@ -17,1 +18,2 @@ -<gloss>Galapagos brand cell phone</gloss> +<gloss>traditional Japanese-style cell phone (in contrast with smart phones)</gloss> +<gloss>"Galapagos" cell phone (because endemic to Japan)</gloss>
2.	A 2012-03-13 08:01:53 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-03-11 09:19:28 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	35,600 ガラ携 5,730 ガラケイ
	Comments:	Heard in textbook listening, for conversation practice.

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jmdict 2703300 Active (id: 1092633)
板かす；板粕；板糟
【いたかす】

1.

[n]
▶ sake lees in a block

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1629030 酒かす 1. sake lees

History:

3.	A 2012-04-17 02:44:12 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	nikk too
2.	A* 2012-04-16 06:18:53 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 (糟 entry)
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +5,3 @@ +<keb>板かす</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> @@ -6,0 +9,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>板糟</keb> @@ -13,1 +19,1 @@ -<gloss>sake lees</gloss> +<gloss>sake lees in a block</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-04-16 06:12:24 Marcus
	Refs:	日本酒用語集

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jmdict 2703330 Active (id: 1092710)
鰊粕；鯡粕
【にしんかす】

1.

[n]
▶ dried and pressed boiled herring (used as fertilizer)

History:

3.	A 2012-04-18 00:26:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>鯡粕</keb>
2.	A* 2012-04-17 11:24:47
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,1 @@ -<gloss>dried and pressed boiled herring (used as an organic fertilizer)</gloss> +<gloss>dried and pressed boiled herring (used as fertilizer)</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-04-16 06:17:20 Marcus
	Refs:	daijr

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jmdict 2703500 Active (id: 2147828)
鞭入れ
【むちいれ】

1.

[n] {horse racing}
▶ whipping
▶ using the whip

History:

3.	A 2021-09-27 16:46:37 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>whipping (horse racing)</gloss> +<field>&horse;</field> +<gloss>whipping</gloss>
2.	A 2012-04-17 02:43:57 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-04-16 11:11:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ＫＯＤ追加語彙

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jmdict 2703550 Active (id: 1092860)
短期借入金
【たんきかりいれきん】

1.

[n]
▶ short-term loans payable
▶ short-term debt
▶ short-term borrowing

History:

2.	A 2012-04-19 04:58:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, etc.
1.	A* 2012-04-17 02:35:18 Marcus
	Refs:	英文財務諸表用語集, マイクロソフト用語集, 法令用語日英標準対訳辞書, 日英・英日専門用語辞書, cross

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jmdict 2703560 Active (id: 1092653)
大手
【おおで】

1.

[n]
▶ full length of one's arm (from shoulder to fingertip)

History:

2.	A 2012-04-17 04:18:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Apart is cleaner.
1.	A* 2012-04-17 02:56:44 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij, gg5, meikyo
	Comments:	should not be merged with おおて, but could perhaps include it here as ik.

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jmdict 2703570 Active (id: 1092667)

ヤンパパ

1.

[n]
《ヤン is from ヤンキー or ヤング》
▶ young father

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1925270 ヤンママ 1. young mother (sometimes previously a juvenile delinquent)

History:

2.	A 2012-04-17 06:52:32 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-04-17 04:09:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, Daijr (俗に，若い父親のこと。特に，若くして結婚・育児を経験している元不良の男性をさすことが多い。)

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jmdict 2703580 Active (id: 2320975)
肝が据わる；肝が座る [iK] ；肝がすわる [sK]
【きもがすわる】

1.

[exp,v5r] [id]
▶ to have guts
▶ to be plucky
▶ to have nerves of steel

Conjugations

History:

7.	A 2024-11-11 15:00:15 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2024-11-11 08:51:12 GM <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	肝が据わる　 637 66.4% 肝がすわる　 175 18.2% -sK 肝が座る　　 147 15.3% きもがすわる 0 0.0%
	Diff:	@@ -8 +8,2 @@ -<keb>肝がすわる</keb> +<keb>肝が座る</keb> +<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf> @@ -11,2 +12,2 @@ -<keb>肝が座る</keb> -<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf> +<keb>肝がすわる</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
5.	A 2023-01-16 01:21:16 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	肝が据わっ 11984 度胸が据わっ 3329 腹が据わっ 3831
	Comments:	I don't think the x-refs are needed.
	Diff:	@@ -20,3 +20 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1214630">肝・きも・2</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="2569210">度胸が据わる</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="2027950">腹が据わる</xref> +<misc>&id;</misc>
4.	A 2023-01-15 06:46:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2023-01-15 03:04:10 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	meikyo: 「すわる」を「座る」と書くのは誤り。 Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 肝が据わっ　 │ 11,984 │ 66.0% │ │ 肝がすわっ　 │ 3,041 │ 16.8% │ │ 肝が座っ　　 │ 3,075 │ 16.9% │ │ きもがすわっ │ 44 │ 0.2% │ ╰─ーーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,7 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>肝がすわる</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>肝が座る</keb> +<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf> @@ -14,2 +21,2 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2569210">度胸が据わる・どきょうがすわる</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="2027950">腹が据わる・はらがすわる</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2569210">度胸が据わる</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2027950">腹が据わる</xref>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A 2012-04-19 05:00:12 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, etc.
1.	A* 2012-04-17 04:25:19 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr, daijs, Luminous, ALC

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jmdict 2703590 Active (id: 2223223)

フィーチャーフォン；フィーチャーホン；フィーチャー・フォン；フィーチャー・ホン

1.

[n]
▶ feature phone

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2827241 ＦＰ【エフ・ピー】 2. feature phone

History:

5.	A 2023-02-28 20:59:42 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr: 通話，電子メール，ウェブ閲覧，デジカメなどの機能をもつ携帯電話端末。通話機能に特化した携帯電話（ベーシックフォン）とスマートフォンの中間にあたる。
	Comments:	I don't think the x-ref is needed.
	Diff:	@@ -8 +8 @@ -<reb>フィーチャー・フォン</reb> +<reb>フィーチャーホン</reb> @@ -11 +11 @@ -<reb>フィーチャーホン</reb> +<reb>フィーチャー・フォン</reb> @@ -18 +17,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2304550">スマートフォン</xref>
4.	A 2015-06-04 01:40:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2015-06-02 12:35:10 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>フィーチャーフォン</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -8 +11,4 @@ -<reb>フィーチャーフォン</reb> +<reb>フィーチャーホン</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>フィーチャー・ホン</reb>
2.	A 2012-04-17 05:59:23 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2304550">スマートフォン</xref>
1.	A* 2012-04-17 05:43:29 Marcus
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/フィー� �ャー・フォン

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jmdict 2703600 Active (id: 2296474)
従量制
【じゅうりょうせい】

1.

[n]
▶ metered billing system
▶ usage-based billing system
▶ consumption-based billing system
▶ pay-as-you-go system

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2860771 従量課金制【じゅうりょうかきんせい】 1. metered billing system; usage-based billing system; consumption-based billing system; pay-as-you-go system
	⇐ see: 2512160 従量【じゅうりょう】 1. (charging or taxing) according to the amount used; according to usage

History:

3.	A 2024-03-29 14:31:00 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Aligning.
	Diff:	@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ -<gloss>measured rate system</gloss> -<gloss>cost charged by quantity</gloss> -<gloss>pay-as-you-go</gloss> -<gloss>pay-for-use</gloss> +<gloss>metered billing system</gloss> +<gloss>usage-based billing system</gloss> +<gloss>consumption-based billing system</gloss> +<gloss>pay-as-you-go system</gloss>
2.	A 2012-04-19 05:01:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Eijiro, GG5
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +14,2 @@ +<gloss>pay-as-you-go</gloss> +<gloss>pay-for-use</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-04-17 05:55:48 Marcus
	Refs:	daijs, cross, jst
	Comments:	daijs mentions internet and mobile fees, dunno if that should be specified in the gloss

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jmdict 2703610 Active (id: 1092865)
複層
【ふくそう】

1.

[adj-no]
▶ multi-layered
▶ multi-tiered
▶ multi-storied

History:

2.	A 2012-04-19 05:03:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Not a noun.
	Diff:	@@ -11,1 +11,0 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -13,1 +12,3 @@ -<gloss>multi-layer</gloss> +<gloss>multi-layered</gloss> +<gloss>multi-tiered</gloss> +<gloss>multi-storied</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-04-17 06:14:48 Marcus
	Refs:	I would have entered 複層的, but I assume you'll prefer this. 複層的 in life, 複層 in cross and JST Part of "複層ガラス" (a current entry)

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jmdict 2703620 Active (id: 1092852)
黒海亀
【くろうみがめ；クロウミガメ (nokanji) 】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ East Pacific green turtle (Chelonia mydas agassizii)
▶ black sea turtle

History:

2.

A 2012-04-19 04:47:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>

1.

A* 2012-04-17 10:10:20 Marcus

Refs:

http://web.mac.com/jeffrey.seminoff/iWeb/Site/Publications_fil
es/Seminoff_2000_Dissertation_UArizona.pdf
http://www.euroturtle.org/outline/Black Sea Turtle.pdf

http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/クロウ�
�ガメ

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jmdict 2703630 Active (id: 2285187)
目結
【めゆい】

1.	[n] [arch] ▶ tie-dyeing
2.	[n] [rare] ▶ heraldic design of a square with a hole in the center

History:

4.	A 2023-12-05 10:34:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -13 +12,0 @@ -<misc>&rare;</misc>
3.	A 2015-06-22 22:42:56 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	sp
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<gloss>tie-dying</gloss> +<gloss>tie-dyeing</gloss>
2.	A 2012-04-19 05:06:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Don't need both arch and "old name". Sense two is clear enough without the kanji.
	Diff:	@@ -14,1 +14,1 @@ -<gloss>tie-dying (old name)</gloss> +<gloss>tie-dying</gloss> @@ -19,2 +19,1 @@ -<s_inf>like a 回 shape</s_inf> -<gloss>(by extension) heraldic design of a square with a hole in the center</gloss> +<gloss>heraldic design of a square with a hole in the center</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-04-17 11:16:33 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr koj ja:WP See Google images for many illustrations. The 丸に隅立て四つ目結（まるにすみたてよつめゆい） design is quite common – I’ve seen it various places. The ja:WP page on family crests has a category for it: http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/家紋の一覧#.E7.9B.AE.E7.B5.90.EF.BC.88.E3.82.81.E3.82.86.E3.81.84.EF.BC.89
	Comments:	v. common design, this is the formal name I can’t fathom that it’s a commonly known word – it sounds very technical.

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jmdict 2703640 Active (id: 2346866)
多機能携帯電話
【たきのうけいたいでんわ】

1.

[n]
▶ smartphone
▶ smart phone

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2304550 スマートフォン 1. smartphone; smart phone

History:

3.	A 2025-08-22 04:32:54 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	スマートホン is tagged [sk] in the referenced entry.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2304550">スマートホン</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2304550">スマートフォン</xref>
2.	A 2012-04-18 06:18:09 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +14,1 @@ +<gloss>smart phone</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-04-17 12:07:59 Scott
	Refs:	daijs

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jmdict 2703650 Active (id: 1093339)
残戸
【ざんこ】

1.

[n]
▶ unsold apartment (usu. newly built)
▶ remaining apartments (unsold)

History:

3.	A 2012-04-25 00:47:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OK, I've convinced myself on the reading. I'm not sure it's not an expression (残+戸); the Unidic morpheme dictionary splits it, but it's common enough to be worth recording.
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +13,1 @@ +<gloss>remaining apartments (unsold)</gloss>
2.	A* 2012-04-21 10:04:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meaning seems OK, but I can't confirm the reading. Any ref for that?
1.	A* 2012-04-17 12:37:28 Marcus
	Refs:	"残戸数" 22,400 results "残戸" 10,600

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jmdict 2703660 Active (id: 2340183)
修繕積立金；修繕積み立て金 [sK]
【しゅうぜんつみたてきん】

1.

[n]
▶ maintenance fee (in an apartment building)
▶ maintenance charge
▶ reserve fund for building repairs

History:

4.	A 2025-05-22 01:11:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2025-05-21 13:09:19
	Refs:	修繕積立金 77162 98.5% 修繕積立て金 56 0.1% 修繕積み立金 0 0.0% 修繕積み立て金 1128 1.4%
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>修繕積み立て金</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2.	A 2012-04-19 00:39:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +14,1 @@ +<gloss>reserve fund for building repairs</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-04-17 12:41:03 Marcus
	Refs:	2,930,000 results _not_ a deposit, paid monthly. http://www.mlit.go.jp/report/press/house06_hh_000061.html

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jmdict 2703670 Active (id: 1092825)
防音壁
【ぼうおんへき】

1.

[n]
▶ noise barrier
▶ soundproof wall
▶ soundwall
▶ sound barrier

History:

3.	A 2012-04-19 04:08:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
2.	A* 2012-04-17 12:47:14
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +14,2 @@ +<gloss>soundwall</gloss> +<gloss>sound barrier</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-04-17 12:45:48 Marcus
	Refs:	機械工学英和和英辞典, 電気制御英語辞典, wiki http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/遮音壁

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jmdict 2703680 Active (id: 1092806)
遮音壁
【しゃおんへき】

1.

[n]
▶ noise barrier
▶ soundproof wall
▶ soundwall
▶ sound barrier

History:

3.	A 2012-04-19 03:17:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, Kagaku, etc.
2.	A* 2012-04-17 12:46:55
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +14,2 @@ +<gloss>soundwall</gloss> +<gloss>sound barrier</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-04-17 12:46:24 Marcus
	Refs:	jst, 日英・英日専門用語辞書, cross, wiki http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/遮音壁

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jmdict 2703690 Active (id: 1092716)
嫌煙者
【けんえんしゃ】

1.

[n]
▶ person who dislikes smoking
▶ anti-smoker

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2703700 嫌煙家 1. person who dislikes smoking; anti-smoker; militant nonsmoker

History:

2.	A 2012-04-18 01:15:28 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2703700">嫌煙家</xref>
1.	A* 2012-04-17 12:57:19 Marcus
	Refs:	184,000 results

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jmdict 2703700 Active (id: 1092715)
嫌煙家
【けんえんか】

1.

[n]
▶ person who dislikes smoking
▶ anti-smoker
▶ militant nonsmoker

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1150550 愛煙家 1. heavy smoker; habitual smoker; person who loves smoking; tobacco lover
	⇐ see: 2703690 嫌煙者【けんえんしゃ】 1. person who dislikes smoking; anti-smoker

History:

3.	A 2012-04-18 01:14:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +15,1 @@ +<gloss>militant nonsmoker</gloss>
2.	A* 2012-04-17 14:05:43
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1150550">愛煙家</xref>
1.	A* 2012-04-17 13:03:17 Marcus
	Refs:	hatena http://d.hatena.ne.jp/keyword/�� 302,000 results

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jmdict 2703710 Active (id: 2101153)
ヒト属
【ヒトぞく】

1.

[n]
▶ Homo (genus)

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2868496 ホモ 1. Homo (genus of primates that includes modern humans)

History:

4.	A 2021-04-26 12:10:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2021-04-25 16:46:24 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12 @@ -<gloss>Homo</gloss> -<gloss g_type="expl">genus of humans</gloss> +<gloss>Homo (genus)</gloss>
2.	A 2012-04-20 23:54:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-04-17 13:08:19 Marcus
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ヒト

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jmdict 2703720 Active (id: 1952980)

ホモサピエンスイダルトゥ；ホモサピエンスイダルツ；ホモ・サピエンス・イダルトゥ；ホモ・サピエンス・イダルツ

1.

[n]
▶ Homo sapiens idaltu
▶ [expl] extinct subspecies of Homo Sapiens

History:

3.	A 2017-06-05 08:58:05 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,6 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ホモサピエンスイダルトゥ</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ホモサピエンスイダルツ</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -9,6 +14,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>ホモサピエンスイダルトゥ</reb> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>ホモサピエンスイダルツ</reb>
2.	A 2012-04-20 23:43:53 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-04-17 13:15:04 Marcus
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ホモ・� �ピエンス・イ�%8 3�ルトゥ

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jmdict 2703730 Active (id: 2149737)
ヒト亜科
【ヒトあか】

1.

[n]
▶ Homininae (subfamily of humans, gorillas, chimpanzees, etc.)

History:

3.	A 2021-10-07 01:21:03 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12 @@ -<gloss>Homininae</gloss> -<gloss g_type="expl">subfamily of humans, gorillas, chimpanzees, etc.</gloss> +<gloss>Homininae (subfamily of humans, gorillas, chimpanzees, etc.)</gloss>
2.	A 2012-04-19 00:23:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-04-17 13:16:03 Marcus
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ヒト亜� �

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jmdict 2703740 Active (id: 2149738)
ヒト上科
【ヒトじょうか】

1.

[n]
▶ Hominoidea (superfamily of apes and humans)

History:

3.	A 2021-10-07 01:21:12 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,2 +12 @@ -<gloss>Hominoidea</gloss> -<gloss g_type="expl">superfamily of apes and humans</gloss> +<gloss>Hominoidea (superfamily of apes and humans)</gloss>
2.	A 2012-04-19 00:22:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-04-17 13:18:04 Marcus
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ヒト上� �

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jmdict 2703750 Active (id: 1092868)
西ゴリラ
【にしゴリラ；ニシゴリラ (nokanji) 】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla)

History:

2.	A 2012-04-19 05:06:53 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-04-17 13:22:48 Marcus
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ゴリラ

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jmdict 2703760 Active (id: 1092869)
東ゴリラ
【ひがしゴリラ；ヒガシゴリラ (nokanji) 】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ eastern gorilla (Gorilla beringei)

History:

2.	A 2012-04-19 05:07:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-04-17 13:23:37 Marcus
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ゴリラ

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jmdict 2703770 Active (id: 1092767)
ヒト類
【ヒトるい】

1.

[n]
▶ hominoid

History:

2.	A 2012-04-19 00:24:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-04-17 13:51:12 Marcus
	Refs:	life, jst, cross http://meddic.jp/ヒト類

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jmdict 2703780 Active (id: 2282743)
焼きドーナツ；焼きドーナッツ [sK]
【やきドーナツ】

1.

[n] {food, cooking}
▶ (oven-)baked donut

History:

4.	A 2023-11-10 03:43:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2023-11-10 03:16:10 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>焼きドーナッツ</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -12 +16,2 @@ -<gloss>baked donut (as opposed to deep-fried)</gloss> +<field>&food;</field> +<gloss>(oven-)baked donut</gloss>
2.	A 2012-04-19 05:07:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-04-17 15:11:43 Marcus
	Refs:	1,010,000 results

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28.	A 2021-11-05 20:12:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think the (music) is redundant.
	Diff:	@@ -11 +11 @@ -<gloss>(music) performer (usu. in a boy band or girl group) with an image cultivated to foster a dedicated fan following</gloss> +<gloss>performer (usu. in a boy band or girl group) with an image cultivated to foster a dedicated fan following</gloss>
27.	A* 2021-10-31 16:07:41 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think "entertainer" is slightly too broad, actually.
	Diff:	@@ -11 +11 @@ -<gloss>entertainer (esp. boy band or girl group member) with an image cultivated to foster a dedicated fan following</gloss> +<gloss>(music) performer (usu. in a boy band or girl group) with an image cultivated to foster a dedicated fan following</gloss>
26.	A 2021-10-31 11:02:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
25.	A* 2021-10-31 05:10:32 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	shortened it a little too much, maybe
	Diff:	@@ -11 +11 @@ -<gloss>entertainer (esp. boy band or girl group member) with an image cultivated to foster a fan following</gloss> +<gloss>entertainer (esp. boy band or girl group member) with an image cultivated to foster a dedicated fan following</gloss>
24.	A* 2021-10-31 05:07:44 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Tried to shorten it a little. I feel like saying their image is "manufactured" sounds a bit like a value judgement (not saying it isn't true)
	Diff:	@@ -11 +11 @@ -<gloss>entertainer (esp. boy band or girl group member) whose image is manufactured to cultivate a dedicated consumer fan following</gloss> +<gloss>entertainer (esp. boy band or girl group member) with an image cultivated to foster a fan following</gloss>
(show/hide 23 older log entries)
23.	A 2020-03-10 03:01:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Guess it works. Rather wordy.
22.	A* 2020-03-10 00:13:03 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Rene didn't re-add the word "popular" but I just wanted to state again, in response to the arguments he made, that yes, you can be an idol (sense 1) without being the least bit popular (I made this argument previously but Rene might have missed it). Rene changed "singer" to "entertainer" and opposed adding a note like "(esp. boy band member)" based on the existence of words like AVアイドル and グラビアアイドル, but I think these words could 1) be viewed as examples of sense 2, but also that 2) watering it down to basically "entertainer" is missing the point of what the word idol normally refers to - which is, in 9/10 cases, a boy band or girl group member. So I think the (esp.) note really should be in there, if we want the entry to be actually useful.
	Diff:	@@ -11 +11,2 @@ -<gloss>entertainer whose image is manufactured to cultivate a dedicated consumer fan following</gloss> +<gloss>entertainer (esp. boy band or girl group member) whose image is manufactured to cultivate a dedicated consumer fan following</gloss> +<gloss>Japanese idol</gloss> @@ -17,0 +19 @@ +<gloss>celebrity</gloss>
21.	A 2020-03-09 23:02:15 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	We don't use the expl tag if it's the only gloss.
	Diff:	@@ -11 +11 @@ -<gloss g_type="expl">entertainer whose image is manufactured to cultivate a dedicated consumer fan following</gloss> +<gloss>entertainer whose image is manufactured to cultivate a dedicated consumer fan following</gloss>
20.	A 2020-03-09 19:49:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
19.	A* 2020-03-09 18:37:51 Guillem Palau-Salvà <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	first sense is an explanation
	Diff:	@@ -11 +11 @@ -<gloss>entertainer whose image is manufactured to cultivate a dedicated consumer fan following</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">entertainer whose image is manufactured to cultivate a dedicated consumer fan following</gloss>
18.	A 2020-01-01 05:48:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I can quite see Rene's point. I feel though that there two (related) meanings in there, so we may as well have this split.
17.	A* 2019-12-30 22:38:31 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	IMO, the wiki article reads like a high school essay, containing patent nonsense like saying that an idol's job is to "sell dreams" (which does not appear in the reference they provide), and i don't think their definition is particularly meaningful. all celebrities have PR managers who cultivate their image, and even random people on instagram brand themselves in order to cultivate a following i'd also say that "popular" (or at least "well known") is largely correct, because some random person with an instagram page or a soundcloud account can't rightfully claim to be an "idol" if they don't have some kind of following. in any case, regardless of what other changes are made, i would definitely not change it from entertainer to singer, nor would i include "esp. in a group". see グラビアアイドル, AVアイドル, etc. who usually have nothing to do with singing or groups i feel like our original entry that just listed a bunch of possibilities for the translation of アイドル was superior young star; young entertainer; heartthrob; TV personality; idol
	Diff:	@@ -11 +11 @@ -<gloss>singer (usu. in a group) whose image is manufactured to cultivate a dedicated consumer fan following</gloss> +<gloss>entertainer whose image is manufactured to cultivate a dedicated consumer fan following</gloss>
16.	A* 2019-12-29 15:37:50 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	wiki: "An "idol" is a type of entertainer, usually ranging from pre-teens to twenties, whose image is manufactured to cultivate a dedicated consumer fan following."
	Comments:	I think we need to highlight the "manufactured image" aspect. That's what separates "idols" from other pop stars. I don't mind changing "entertainer" to "singer". I think Wikipedia's definition (of "Japanese idol") is quite good and succinct. How about this?
	Diff:	@@ -11 +11 @@ -<gloss>popular entertainer (esp. a member of a boy band or girl group) managed by a talent agency and marketed for image and personality</gloss> +<gloss>singer (usu. in a group) whose image is manufactured to cultivate a dedicated consumer fan following</gloss>
15.	A* 2019-12-29 05:51:26 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Also "popular" isn't right, see 売れてないアイドル etc. They don't become "idols" once they're popular, they're idols/in idol groups from the inception.
14.	A* 2019-12-29 04:44:30 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Does the "... and marketed for image and personality" bit really add much? Which celebrity isn't? Basically all celebrities in Japan are managed by talent agencies as well. Isn't "entertainer" a little too broad as well, if we're trying to narrow it down? I think Japanese idol's all come from the music industry (though they don't have to be musicians, just dancers and/or singers)
13.	A 2019-12-29 01:33:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
12.	A* 2019-12-29 00:19:12 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/idol#Noun https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_idol https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/アイドル
	Comments:	I think we need a more descriptive gloss for sense 1. There are group/band members who aren't considered "アイドル", and many アイドル from previous decades were solo artists.
	Diff:	@@ -11,2 +11 @@ -<gloss>member of a girl group or boyband</gloss> -<gloss>(young) pop star</gloss> +<gloss>popular entertainer (esp. a member of a boy band or girl group) managed by a talent agency and marketed for image and personality</gloss> @@ -15,0 +15 @@ +<gloss>(cultural) icon</gloss> @@ -17 +16,0 @@ -<gloss>icon</gloss> @@ -19 +18 @@ -<gloss>person who is admired (by many)</gloss> +<gloss>person who is greatly admired</gloss> @@ -23,2 +22,3 @@ -<gloss>idol</gloss> -<gloss>(cult) image</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="1246280">偶像</xref> +<gloss>idol (object of worship)</gloss> +<gloss>image</gloss>
11.	A 2019-09-02 04:25:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Tanaka: かつてのアイドルも４０過ぎるとただのおばさんか。 Former pop stars are just plain old women by the time they're 40.
	Comments:	Not really sure about this sense split, but it's certainly not my field.
10.	A* 2019-09-02 02:24:20 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	アイドル 6517252 アイドゥル 204
	Comments:	We discussed this previously, where Robin and I expressed the opinion that we should only include ik's when they're relatively common. アイドゥル isn't.
	Diff:	@@ -8,4 +7,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>アイドゥル</reb> -<re_inf>&ik;</re_inf>
9.	A* 2019-09-02 02:22:31 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	google dictionary (unsure of actual source): 人気のある若いタレント daijs: １偶像。２崇拝される人や物。３あこがれの的。熱狂的なファンをもつ人。「アイドル歌手」 daijr: ① 偶像。崇拝される人や物。② 人気者。 https://spica-me.com/idol/idol-age/ "アイドルとして許されるのは26歳前後まで！アンケートから平均を割り出してみると、26.5歳と判明。" "一般的に、25歳を過ぎるとアイドルになるのは難しいといわれていますが" https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2140590/full/ (2019-07-20) "テレビ東京系『出川哲朗の充電させてもらえませんか？』に、“スーパーアイドル”中居正広がゲスト出演する2時間半スペシャル..." https://www.wani.co.jp/act/interview/interview.php?id=104 "俳優もアイドルも両方やられてるから、忙しいですね。" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_idol google images returns 100%
	Comments:	Just yesterday I heard Masahiro Nakai (formerly of SMAP) referred to as an アイドル on TV (on ワイドナショー) and he's 47 years old. See also the oricon ref where he's referred to as a "スーパーアイドル". If he debuted today I doubt he would be called an アイドル, but the fact that he used to be in an アイドルグループ (which was still referred to as an アイドルグループ until their disbandment in 2016, despite all of the members being over 40 at the time) is the decisive factor here. I was the one who added "TV personality" in 2012 but I think it's wrong. I'm pretty sure アイドル (in this sense) always refers to a member of idol groups, not actors, TV tarento, or other celebrities, at least in modern usage (see the wani reference)
	Diff:	@@ -15,5 +15,2 @@ -<gloss>young star</gloss> -<gloss>young entertainer</gloss> -<gloss>heartthrob</gloss> -<gloss>TV personality</gloss> -<gloss>idol</gloss> +<gloss>member of a girl group or boyband</gloss> +<gloss>(young) pop star</gloss> @@ -24 +21,8 @@ -<gloss>image</gloss> +<gloss>icon</gloss> +<gloss>star</gloss> +<gloss>person who is admired (by many)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>idol</gloss> +<gloss>(cult) image</gloss>
8.	A 2019-09-02 00:50:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I've amended the example links.
7.	A* 2019-09-01 13:52:22 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Splitting out "idle" into a new entry.
	Diff:	@@ -26,5 +25,0 @@ -<sense> -<pos>&adj-f;</pos> -<xref type="see" seq="2278380">アイドル状態</xref> -<gloss>idle</gloss> -</sense>
6.	A 2012-04-23 00:58:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Let's do it.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +11,1 @@ +<re_inf>&ik;</re_inf>
5.	A 2012-04-22 20:39:19 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	and i think アイドゥル might be considered [ik]
	Diff:	@@ -14,2 +14,2 @@ -<gloss>teenage star</gloss> -<gloss>teenage entertainer</gloss> +<gloss>young star</gloss> +<gloss>young entertainer</gloss>
4.	A* 2012-04-17 12:28:23 Marcus
	Comments:	is "teenage" ideal? Many idols are in their twenties. Maybe "young" would be better?
3.	A 2012-04-17 02:43:05 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2012-04-16 10:50:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, GG5, etc.
	Comments:	Once you get specific about "idol", we need to split senses.
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +14,4 @@ +<gloss>teenage star</gloss> +<gloss>teenage entertainer</gloss> +<gloss>heartthrob</gloss> +<gloss>TV personality</gloss> @@ -15,1 +19,0 @@ -<gloss>TV personality</gloss> @@ -19,0 +22,5 @@ +<gloss>idol</gloss> +<gloss>image</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adj-f;</pos>
1.	A* 2012-04-16 07:05:07 Marcus
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +15,1 @@ +<gloss>TV personality</gloss>

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