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jmdict 1306630 Active (id: 2341858)
司る [spec1] 掌る [rK] 主る [sK] 司どる [sK]
つかさどる [spec1]
1. [v5r,vt]
▶ to be in charge of
▶ to manage
▶ to direct
▶ to administer
▶ to preside over
2. [v5r,vt]
▶ to rule
▶ to govern
▶ to control

Conjugations


History:
11. A 2025-06-10 02:20:30  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
10. A* 2025-06-08 18:52:36  Sombrero1
  Refs:
Attested in nikkoku's 表記 section
Attested in 大漢和辞典
Jitsuu lists つかさど(る) as a reading for 主 in their 古辞書の訓 section
  Comments:
Rare kanji forms only in kanwa references would get an [sK] tag, unlike 掌る it isn't included in kokugos as a valid form.
  Diff:
@@ -14 +14 @@
-<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
9. A* 2025-06-08 18:20:02  Joe Murray
  Refs:
https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/主る?oldformat=true

主る	3786
  Comments:
Ran into this Kanji form, can't find much on it in many dictionary refs
  Diff:
@@ -9,0 +10,4 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>主る</keb>
8. A 2022-12-19 19:30:43  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Cleaner. Not sure the split is really needed.
7. A* 2022-12-19 12:08:48  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, prog, wisdom
司る	        230343	59.6%
掌る	        10512	2.7%
司どる	        1715	0.4%
つかさどる	143967	37.2%
  Comments:
Although GG5 has "administer" alongside "rule" and "govern", I think it's a better fit for the "be in charge of" sense.
  Diff:
@@ -14 +14 @@
-<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -23,2 +23,3 @@
-<gloss>to rule</gloss>
-<gloss>to govern</gloss>
+<gloss>to be in charge of</gloss>
+<gloss>to manage</gloss>
+<gloss>to direct</gloss>
@@ -25,0 +27 @@
+<gloss>to preside over</gloss>
@@ -30,3 +32,3 @@
-<gloss>to take charge of</gloss>
-<gloss>to undertake</gloss>
-<gloss>to be responsible for</gloss>
+<gloss>to rule</gloss>
+<gloss>to govern</gloss>
+<gloss>to control</gloss>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)

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jmdict 1445690 Active (id: 2287029)
怒る [ichi1,news1,nf20]
おこる [ichi1,news1,nf20]
1. [v5r,vi]
▶ to get angry
▶ to get mad
▶ to lose one's temper
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2831316 おこ 1. anger; being angry; being mad
  ⇐ see: 2859682 怒る【いかる】 1. to get angry; to get mad
2. [v5r,vt]
《usu. in the passive》
▶ to scold
▶ to tell (someone) off

Conjugations


History:
11. A 2024-01-01 19:58:22  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
10. A* 2024-01-01 14:16:28  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, luminous
meikyo: 受身で使うことが多い
  Diff:
@@ -20,0 +21 @@
+<gloss>to lose one's temper</gloss>
@@ -25 +26 @@
-<gloss>to tell someone off</gloss>
+<s_inf>usu. in the passive</s_inf>
@@ -26,0 +28 @@
+<gloss>to tell (someone) off</gloss>
9. A 2023-12-31 01:14:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I've tightened the sentence indices.
8. A* 2023-12-30 22:04:49  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Shinsen says sense 02 is a 近年の用法.
  Comments:
Proposing a split into new entry 2859682.
  Diff:
@@ -10,4 +9,0 @@
-<k_ele>
-<keb>瞋る</keb>
-<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
-</k_ele>
@@ -16 +11,0 @@
-<re_restr>怒る</re_restr>
@@ -20,3 +14,0 @@
-</r_ele>
-<r_ele>
-<reb>いかる</reb>
@@ -31 +22,0 @@
-<stagr>おこる</stagr>
@@ -36,7 +26,0 @@
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<stagr>いかる</stagr>
-<pos>&v5r;</pos>
-<pos>&vi;</pos>
-<gloss>to be angular</gloss>
-<gloss>to be square</gloss>
7. A 2012-11-23 22:48:40  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
english glosses are not the way to decide japanese PoS, but meikyo supports vt, with the note that it is often used in the passive
(show/hide 6 older log entries)

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jmdict 1456220 Active (id: 2343250)
読み手 [news2,nf30] 読手
よみて [news2,nf30]
1. [n]
▶ reader (person)
2. [n]
▶ person who reads the cards (in karuta games)
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1633410 取り手 3. person who picks up the cards (in karuta games)
  ⇔ see: 2866360 読手【どくしゅ】 1. reader (in competitive karuta); reciter; person who reads the cards
3. [n]
《also written as 詠み手》
▶ composer (of a poem)
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1950280 詠み手【よみて】 1. writer (of a poem); composer (of a poem)



History:
4. A 2025-07-03 20:07:55  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2025-07-03 12:52:54  Jai Willink
  Comments:
This edit is obviously contingent on the approval of seq 2866360, which is a newly submitted entry
  Diff:
@@ -23,0 +24 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2866360">読手・どくしゅ</xref>
2. A 2012-11-23 11:43:05  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -29,0 +29,2 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1950280">詠み手・よみて</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1950280">詠み手・よみて</xref>
1. A* 2012-11-23 04:07:01  Marcus Richert
  Refs:
diaj
  Diff:
@@ -23,2 +23,2 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1633410">取り手</xref>
-<xref type="see" seq="1633410">取り手</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1633410">取り手・3</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1633410">取り手・3</xref>
@@ -27,0 +27,5 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<s_inf>also written as 詠み手</s_inf>
+<gloss>composer (of a poem)</gloss>
+</sense>

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jmdict 1460850 Rejected (id: 2346214)
難しい [ichi1,news1,nf07] 六借しい [sK] 六ヶ敷い [sK] 六かしい [sK]
むずかしい [ichi1,news1,nf07] むつかしいむづかしい [sk]
1. [adj-i]
▶ difficult
▶ hard
▶ troublesome
▶ complicated
▶ serious (disease, problem, etc.)
Cross references:
  ⇔ ant: 1157000 易しい 1. easy; plain; simple
  ⇐ see: 2120130 むずい 1. difficult
2. [adj-i]
▶ impossible
▶ unfeasible
3. [adj-i]
▶ fussy
▶ particular
▶ fastidious
▶ hard to please
▶ displeased
4. [adj-i]
▶ gloomy
▶ glum
▶ sullen
▶ serious (look)
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2785400 難しい顔をする【むずかしいかおをする】 1. to look displeased; to frown; to scowl; to look grave; to look serious
5. [adj-i] [arch]
▶ dirty
▶ unclean
▶ filthy
▶ detestable
6. [adj-i] [arch]
▶ unpleasant
▶ uncomfortable
▶ creepy
▶ spooky

Conjugations

History:
24. R 2025-08-10 04:34:23  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Marcus explained his reasoning for it in the comments below.
Shinmeikai describes this usage as "婉曲."
23. A* 2025-08-10 00:39:35  Sean McBroom <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I don't think this is the right use of euphemism.
  Diff:
@@ -46 +45,0 @@
-<misc>&euph;</misc>
22. A 2024-09-27 20:11:16  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
21. A* 2024-09-27 20:03:14 
  Refs:
saito

六かしい	191
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16,4 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>六かしい</keb>
20. A 2024-09-13 13:14:30  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
むつかしい is in most of my refs.
  Diff:
@@ -26 +25,0 @@
-<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
(show/hide 19 older log entries)

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jmdict 1460850 Active (id: 2346404)
難しい [ichi1,news1,nf07] 六借しい [sK] 六ヶ敷い [sK] 六かしい [sK]
むずかしい [ichi1,news1,nf07] むつかしいむづかしい [sk]
1. [adj-i]
▶ difficult
▶ hard
▶ troublesome
▶ complicated
▶ serious (disease, problem, etc.)
Cross references:
  ⇔ ant: 1157000 易しい 1. easy; plain; simple
  ⇐ see: 2120130 むずい 1. difficult
2. [adj-i] [euph]
《softer than 無理》
▶ impossible
▶ unfeasible
3. [adj-i]
▶ fussy
▶ particular
▶ fastidious
▶ hard to please
▶ displeased
4. [adj-i]
▶ gloomy
▶ glum
▶ sullen
▶ serious (look)
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2785400 難しい顔をする【むずかしいかおをする】 1. to look displeased; to frown; to scowl; to look grave; to look serious
5. [adj-i] [arch]
▶ dirty
▶ unclean
▶ filthy
▶ detestable
6. [adj-i] [arch]
▶ unpleasant
▶ uncomfortable
▶ creepy
▶ spooky

Conjugations


History:
24. A 2025-08-12 12:51:57  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Not sure it helps.
23. A* 2025-08-11 20:57:15  Sean McBroom <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Maybe this note would help. Since it's not obvious why it's marked as a euphemism at first glance.
  Diff:
@@ -46,0 +47 @@
+<s_inf>softer than 無理</s_inf>
22. A 2024-09-27 20:11:16  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
21. A* 2024-09-27 20:03:14 
  Refs:
saito

六かしい	191
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16,4 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>六かしい</keb>
20. A 2024-09-13 13:14:30  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
むつかしい is in most of my refs.
  Diff:
@@ -26 +25,0 @@
-<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf>
(show/hide 19 older log entries)

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jmdict 1631770 Deleted (id: 1117539)

きゃあ
1. [int]
▶ Eek!
▶ Yipe!



History:
2. D 2012-11-23 02:47:57  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. D* 2012-11-23 01:08:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Merging.

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jmdict 1633410 Active (id: 1117559)
取り手取手
とりて
1. [n]
▶ recipient
▶ receiver
▶ acceptor
▶ taker
2. [n] {martial arts,sumo}
▶ skilled practitioner (of judo, sumo, etc.)
3. [n]
▶ person who picks up the cards (in karuta games)
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1456220 読み手 2. person who reads the cards (in karuta games)



History:
4. A 2012-11-23 22:43:49  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2012-11-23 04:05:50  Marcus Richert
  Diff:
@@ -28,1 +28,1 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1456220">読み手</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1456220">読み手・2</xref>
2. A 2012-06-28 00:06:27  Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-06-27 19:14:35  Scott
  Diff:
@@ -23,0 +23,1 @@
+<field>&sumo;</field>

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jmdict 1950280 Active (id: 1117560)
詠み手詠手
よみて
1. [n]
▶ writer (of a poem)
▶ composer (of a poem)
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1456220 読み手 3. composer (of a poem)



History:
3. A 2012-11-23 22:44:28  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I agree.
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +15,1 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1456220">読み手・3</xref>
2. A* 2012-11-23 11:42:08  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijr, GG5, 新和英中辞典,
  Comments:
I don't agree with the proposed deletion. 詠み手 was only being merged as an "also written", whereas in the above refs it's a full headword. Only one of my refs (Luminous) has 読み手 with this meaning.
  Diff:
@@ -15,1 +15,2 @@
-<gloss>writer (composer) (of a poem)</gloss>
+<gloss>writer (of a poem)</gloss>
+<gloss>composer (of a poem)</gloss>
1. D* 2012-11-23 04:05:10  Marcus Richert
  Refs:
daij
  Comments:
merge with  1456220

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jmdict 1994780 Active (id: 1117552)
社長命令
しゃちょうめいれい
1. [n]
▶ order from the company president



History:
2. A 2012-11-23 11:34:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Let's be quite explicit.
  Diff:
@@ -12,1 +12,1 @@
-<gloss>order from the president</gloss>
+<gloss>order from the company president</gloss>
1. A* 2012-11-23 04:02:39  Marcus Richert
  Refs:
"presidential order" makes me think of an order from the US 
president rather than an order from the company president
  Diff:
@@ -12,1 +12,1 @@
-<gloss>presidential order</gloss>
+<gloss>order from the president</gloss>

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jmdict 2029070 Active (id: 1914698)

なり [spec1]
1. [prt]
▶ or something
▶ for instance ... (though there are other suitable options)
2. [prt]
《usu. in the form ...なり...なり》
▶ ... or ...
3. [prt]
《after dictionary form verb》
▶ as soon as
▶ right after
4. [prt]
《after past tense verb》
▶ while still
▶ with previous state still in effect



History:
4. A 2015-05-14 20:58:54  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -20 +20,2 @@
-<gloss>(after dictionary form verb) as soon as</gloss>
+<s_inf>after dictionary form verb</s_inf>
+<gloss>as soon as</gloss>
@@ -25 +26,2 @@
-<gloss>(after past tense verb) while still</gloss>
+<s_inf>after past tense verb</s_inf>
+<gloss>while still</gloss>
3. A 2012-11-25 09:16:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2012-11-23 06:22:21  Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daij
  Diff:
@@ -10,2 +10,7 @@
-<gloss>or</gloss>
-<gloss>whether or not</gloss>
+<gloss>or something</gloss>
+<gloss>for instance ... (though there are other suitable options)</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&prt;</pos>
+<s_inf>usu. in the form ...なり...なり</s_inf>
+<gloss>... or ...</gloss>
1. A 2005-03-05 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2107450 Deleted (id: 1117538)

きゃっキャッ
1. [int]
▶ shriek
▶ scream



History:
6. D 2012-11-23 02:47:44  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
5. D* 2012-11-23 01:09:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Merging.
4. A* 2012-11-22 01:20:26  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
perhaps close enough.

there seems to be a distinction in that ぎゃっ is often the kind of yelp you'd let out when being crushed or having your foot stepped on, whereas きゃっ is merely from being startled.

don't forget about きゃあ (1631770).  if there's not a total merge, then at a minimum, きゃっ should probably be merged into きゃあ.
3. A* 2012-11-17 23:16:56  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijr, etc.
  Comments:
I see Daijirin has almost identical glosses for きゃっ and ぎゃっ. I think a merge is appropriate.
2. A* 2012-11-17 21:14:39  winnie <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I came to this entry expecting to find that きゃっ meant "ouch", but instead it lists a more generic shriek or scream. So then I looked up "ouch", and I discovered that きゃっ does indeed mean "ouch", but that is listed under a separate entry for ぎゃあ; ギャー; ぎゃっ; ギャッ.  Seems like these two entries could be combined, perhaps :-)
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 2733720 Active (id: 2329860)

きゃっキャーぎゃあキャッきゃあギャーぎゃっギャッ
1. [int]
《expressing surprise, pain, fear, excitement or disgust》
▶ yikes!
▶ eek!
▶ ouch!
▶ yes!
▶ wow!
▶ blech
2. (きゃあ only) [adv] [on-mim]
《monkey screech》
▶ ook
▶ eek
3. (きゃあ only) [n] [sl]
《thieves' cant》
▶ customer



History:
12. A 2025-01-10 20:28:47  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -30 +30 @@
-<s_inf>expressing surprise, pain, fear, excitement, or disgust</s_inf>
+<s_inf>expressing surprise, pain, fear, excitement or disgust</s_inf>
11. A* 2025-01-10 12:49:34 
  Diff:
@@ -30 +30 @@
-<s_inf>expressing surprise, pain, fear, or disgust</s_inf>
+<s_inf>expressing surprise, pain, fear, excitement, or disgust</s_inf>
@@ -33,0 +34,2 @@
+<gloss>yes!</gloss>
+<gloss>wow!</gloss>
10. A 2018-06-01 23:28:49  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9. A* 2018-05-31 03:20:04  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -29,0 +30 @@
+<s_inf>expressing surprise, pain, fear, or disgust</s_inf>
@@ -34 +34,0 @@
-<gloss g_type="expl">interjection expressing surprise, pain, fear, or disgust</gloss>
@@ -40 +40,3 @@
-<gloss>monkey screech</gloss>
+<s_inf>monkey screech</s_inf>
+<gloss>ook</gloss>
+<gloss>eek</gloss>
8. A 2013-02-08 00:09:26  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5
  Diff:
@@ -31,0 +31,1 @@
+<gloss>eek!</gloss>
(show/hide 7 older log entries)

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jmdict 2757620 Active (id: 1117542)

っちゅう
1. [conj] [col]
▶ meaning
▶ called
▶ said
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1922760 と言う【という】 1. called; named; that says; that
  ⇒ see: 2757880 って言う【っていう】 1. meaning; called; said



History:
7. A 2012-11-23 02:48:54  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2012-11-23 00:57:15  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
OK, I have moved って言う/っていう into another proposed entry.
  Diff:
@@ -4,3 +4,0 @@
-<r_ele>
-<reb>っていう</reb>
-</r_ele>
@@ -13,0 +10,1 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2757880">って言う・っていう</xref>
5. A* 2012-11-22 01:12:43  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
arguably, っていう can be written as って言う (which supposedly gets >1 billion googits), whereas っちゅう does not have a kanji headword.  therefore these should not be merged
4. A* 2012-11-21 04:45:03  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5 (in several examples), Eijiro (ditto)
  Comments:
Will this work? (I had emailed feedback from Rick.)
  Diff:
@@ -4,0 +4,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>っていう</reb>
+</r_ele>
@@ -9,0 +12,1 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1922760">と言う・という</xref>
@@ -10,2 +14,3 @@
-<gloss>I mean</gloss>
-<gloss>or rather</gloss>
+<gloss>meaning</gloss>
+<gloss>called</gloss>
+<gloss>said</gloss>
3. A* 2012-11-20 19:45:54  Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1239285507
http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1333393693
Weblio類語辞書: http://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/っちゅうこと
Hits:
"っちゅうわけで" 700k
"っちゅうか" 6.5M
"っちゅうことは" 7.4M
  Comments:
っちゅう is just short for っていう/という (though it was a bit more trouble than I expected to track down the refs).
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

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jmdict 2757870 Active (id: 1117543)
ラジオ周波数
ラジオしゅうはすう
1. [n]
▶ radio frequency
▶ RF
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1530420 無線周波数【むせんしゅうはすう】 1. radio frequency; RF



History:
2. A 2012-11-23 02:49:04  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-11-22 21:25:58  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
新英和大辞典, Eijiro

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jmdict 2757880 Active (id: 1915240)
って言う
っていう
1. [conj] [col,uk]
▶ meaning
▶ called
▶ said
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1922760 と言う【という】 1. called; named; that says; that
  ⇐ see: 2757620 っちゅう 1. meaning; called; said



History:
4. A 2015-05-21 23:23:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2015-05-21 14:15:34 
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +14 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
2. A 2012-11-23 02:48:37  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-11-23 00:55:49  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
See discussion in 2757620.

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jmdict 2757890 Active (id: 1117561)
動物福祉
どうぶつふくし
1. [n]
▶ animal welfare
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2861537 アニマルウェルフェア 1. animal welfare



History:
2. A 2012-11-23 22:44:57  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-11-23 04:32:08  Marcus Richert
  Refs:
daijr, wiki, dbcls, jst, 英和実験動物学用語集, life, eij

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jmdict 2757900 Active (id: 1117563)
外来生物
がいらいせいぶつ
1. [n]
▶ adventive species
▶ non-native species
▶ introduced species
▶ alien species



History:
2. A 2012-11-23 22:47:11  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-11-23 04:34:51  Marcus Richert
  Refs:
daijs, nipp, 情報・知識imidas (-法), wiki (redir to 外来種), 朝日新
聞掲載「キーワード」, 法令用語日英標準対訳辞書, eij

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jmdict 2757910 Active (id: 1117629)
球筋
たますじ
1. [n] {baseball}
▶ course of a thrown ball
2. [n] {sports}
▶ course of a hit ball (golf, tennis, etc.)



History:
2. A 2012-11-25 10:32:34  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
OK as is, I think.
1. A* 2012-11-23 04:51:19  Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daij, nikk, Luminous
  Comments:
daijs splits. If we combined, it'd probably be:
"[baseb,sports] course of a thrown or hit ball (baseball, golf, etc.)"
Not sure whether or not it's used in terms of hit balls in baseball as well (daijr just says "野球で、投球のコース。"), so that might be misleading.

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jmdict 2757920 Active (id: 1117566)
実寸
じっすん
1. [n]
▶ actual size
▶ exact size



History:
2. A 2012-11-23 22:50:47  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +13,1 @@
+<gloss>exact size</gloss>
1. A* 2012-11-23 20:54:43 
  Refs:
JST科学技術用語日英対訳辞書
日英・英日専門用語辞書
クロスランゲージ

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