JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 1204030 Active (id: 2159645)
外泊 [news2,nf40]
【がいはく [news2,nf40] 】

[n,vs,vi]
▶ staying somewhere else (overnight)
▶ spending the night away (e.g. from home)
▶ going home (e.g. from hospital) for the night
▶ sleepover

Conjugations

History:

5.	A 2021-11-18 00:32:53 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +17 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos>
4.	A 2020-08-02 23:39:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2020-08-02 23:19:58 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, daij
	Diff:	@@ -17 +17,3 @@ -<gloss>spending night somewhere else (usu. away from home)</gloss> +<gloss>staying somewhere else (overnight)</gloss> +<gloss>spending the night away (e.g. from home)</gloss> +<gloss>going home (e.g. from hospital) for the night</gloss> @@ -19 +20,0 @@ -<gloss>sleep over</gloss>
2.	A 2012-10-08 07:13:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr: "よそに泊まること。" Koj: "一定の宿所以外にとまること。"
	Comments:	The JEs all say "away from home", but the 国語s are more focused.
	Diff:	@@ -17,1 +17,1 @@ -<gloss>spending night away from home</gloss> +<gloss>spending night somewhere else (usu. away from home)</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-10-06 19:25:17
	Comments:	Hi, I came across an instance recently where, in the context of someone in hospital, 外泊 actually meant to spend a night at home, not away from home. I was advised that 外泊 meant spending a night away from the expected place, which was usually home, but not always. I don't know whether it's worth changing the definition to reflect this, or whether that was an odd and unusual case.

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jmdict 1208300 Active (id: 2356273)
活字 [ichi1,news1,nf10]
【かつじ [ichi1,news1,nf10] 】

1.	[n] ▶ (piece of) type ▶ movable type ▶ moveable type ▶ printing type
2.	[n] ▶ printed word ▶ printed matter ▶ print

History:

4.	A 2026-01-04 03:29:25 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2026-01-04 00:36:40 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, daij
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +18,3 @@ +<gloss>(piece of) type</gloss> +<gloss>movable type</gloss> +<gloss>moveable type</gloss> @@ -19 +21,0 @@ -<gloss>movable type</gloss> @@ -23 +25,2 @@ -<gloss>printed text</gloss> +<gloss>printed word</gloss> +<gloss>printed matter</gloss>
2.	A 2012-10-06 01:24:51 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, Luminous
1.	A* 2012-10-06 00:37:10 Scott
	Refs:	gg5
	Diff:	@@ -19,0 +19,6 @@ +<gloss>movable type</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>printed text</gloss> +<gloss>print</gloss>

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jmdict 1210120 Deleted (id: 1113391)
乾肉
【ほしにく】

[n]
▶ dried meat
▶ pemmican

History:

2.	D 2012-10-08 01:57:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	D* 2012-10-06 20:42:37 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij
	Comments:	Merging with 1979510 (干し肉；干肉).

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jmdict 1374600 Active (id: 2079510)
凄み；凄味 [ateji]
【すごみ】

1.	[n] ▶ ghastliness ▶ dreadfulness ▶ grimness ▶ weirdness
2.	[n] ▶ intimidation ▶ menace ▶ threat

History:

8.	A 2020-08-26 00:02:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7.	A* 2020-08-25 22:47:28 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, daij
	Comments:	Not adj-no. The examples use 凄味のある. I don't think "awesomeness" is a great gloss.
	Diff:	@@ -16 +15,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -19 +18 @@ -<gloss>awesomeness</gloss> +<gloss>grimness</gloss> @@ -24 +22,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -26,2 +24,2 @@ -<gloss>menacingness</gloss> -<gloss>threateningness</gloss> +<gloss>menace</gloss> +<gloss>threat</gloss>
6.	A 2019-10-27 22:17:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, etc.. GG5 includes "weirdness". Other JEs use adjectival glosses.
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16 @@ -<gloss>weirdness</gloss> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -19,0 +20 @@ +<gloss>weirdness</gloss> @@ -22,0 +24 @@ +<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
5.	A* 2019-10-27 18:55:51
	Refs:	大辞林 ②
	Comments:	「尋問する人間にしては、きゃしゃで凄味に欠けるが、姿勢に隙がない。戦の心得がありそうだ。」 Is "weirdness" really right?
	Diff:	@@ -20,0 +21,6 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>intimidation</gloss> +<gloss>menacingness</gloss> +<gloss>threateningness</gloss> +</sense>
4.	A 2012-10-08 02:08:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think it's really all the one sense.
	Diff:	@@ -19,3 +19,0 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A* 2012-10-06 13:05:58 Tamas Kerecsen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijisen
	Diff:	@@ -20,0 +20,4 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>awesomeness</gloss> +</sense>
2.	A 2012-01-16 23:30:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-01-16 23:17:27 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	all dics but nikk have as 凄み
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +5,3 @@ +<keb>凄み</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> @@ -6,0 +9,1 @@ +<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf>

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jmdict 1421180 Active (id: 2100894)
地上 [ichi1,news1,nf03]
【ちじょう [ichi1,news1,nf03] 】

[n,adj-no]
▶ above ground
▶ on the ground
▶ earth's surface

Cross references:
	⇔ ant: 1420840 地下 1. underground; below the ground

[n,adj-no]
▶ this world
▶ this earth

History:

7.	A 2021-04-23 10:18:49 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -19 +19 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1420840">地下・2</xref> +<xref type="ant" seq="1420840">地下・1</xref>
6.	A 2021-04-19 21:02:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2021-04-19 17:17:58 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	prog, daij
	Diff:	@@ -21,2 +21,2 @@ -<gloss>surface</gloss> -<gloss>overground</gloss> +<gloss>on the ground</gloss> +<gloss>earth's surface</gloss> @@ -27,2 +27,2 @@ -<gloss>earth</gloss> -<gloss>world</gloss> +<gloss>this world</gloss> +<gloss>this earth</gloss>
4.	A 2019-04-23 05:16:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -19 +19 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1420840">地下</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1420840">地下・2</xref>
3.	A* 2019-04-22 09:16:12 Nicolas Maia
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1420840">地下</xref> @@ -20,0 +22 @@ +<gloss>overground</gloss>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A 2012-10-08 07:08:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr, GG5, ルミナス, 新和英中辞典
	Diff:	@@ -20,0 +20,1 @@ +<gloss>surface</gloss> @@ -23,1 +24,3 @@ -<gloss>earth, world</gloss> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<gloss>earth</gloss> +<gloss>world</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-10-06 12:35:17 Tamas Kerecsen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG, daijisen
	Diff:	@@ -21,0 +21,4 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>earth, world</gloss> +</sense>

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jmdict 1627380 Active (id: 2358332)
翻刻；飜刻 [sK]
【ほんこく】

[n,vs,vt]
▶ reprinting (of a book)

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2749280 翻印【ほんいん】 1. reprinting

Conjugations

History:

10.	A 2026-01-22 20:55:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9.	A* 2026-01-22 15:15:40 Sombrero1
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 翻刻 │ 25,526 │ 98.7% │ │ 飜刻 │ 349 │ 1.3% │ ╰─ーー─┴────────┴───────╯ Probably best as a search key .
	Comments:	My kanwas say it's an 異体字 of 翻. I couldn't find it in Kojien 7, Daijirin 4, or Meikyo 2 & 3. For me only Oukoku 12 includes it as a search key.
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>飜刻</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
8.	A* 2026-01-22 15:00:18
	Comments:	An alternative form of the first kanji could be added, which is 飜刻. Found it in the comments of an Aozora Bunko edition. It can be found in the koujien, daijirin and mekyou.
7.	A 2025-10-31 20:11:37 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2025-10-31 20:04:58 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Only nikk has はんこく. I think it can be dropped.
	Diff:	@@ -9,3 +8,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>はんこく</reb>
(show/hide 5 older log entries)
5.	A 2021-11-18 01:12:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos>
4.	A 2018-07-19 00:29:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2018-07-18 15:30:24 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij
	Comments:	I think it's always a book.
	Diff:	@@ -16,2 +16 @@ -<gloss>reprint</gloss> -<gloss>reprinting (e.g. a book)</gloss> +<gloss>reprinting (of a book)</gloss>
2.	A 2012-10-08 04:23:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-10-06 16:10:29 Scott
	Refs:	nikk
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +10,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>はんこく</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -14,0 +17,1 @@ +<gloss>reprinting (e.g. a book)</gloss>

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jmdict 1979510 Active (id: 2205922)
干し肉；干肉；乾し肉；乾肉 [sK]
【ほしにく】

[n]
▶ dried meat
▶ jerky

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2847680 脯【ほしし】 1. dried meat; jerky

History:

5.	A 2022-08-23 10:36:38 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr/s 干し肉 19597 86.9% 干肉 1752 7.8% 乾し肉 828 3.7% 乾肉 375 1.7%
	Diff:	@@ -11 +11 @@ -<keb>乾肉</keb> +<keb>乾し肉</keb> @@ -14 +14,2 @@ -<keb>乾し肉</keb> +<keb>乾肉</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
4.	A 2020-12-14 05:36:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Both those references, along with Koj say the reading is ほしし, not ほしにく. I'll move it to a new entry. (Could be merged but 脯/ほしし seems old, and the reading restrictions would be messy.)
	Diff:	@@ -15,3 +14,0 @@ -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>脯</keb>
3.	A* 2020-12-14 03:50:09 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://kotobank.jp/word/脯-629900 https://kotobank.jp/word/脯・干肉-2082416
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +15,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>脯</keb>
2.	A 2012-10-08 01:58:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-10-06 20:42:51 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, JWN Hits in order: 234k, 181k, 37k, 25k
	Comments:	Merging in 1210120 (乾肉). We have "pemmican" as a gloss there, but according to http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/pemmican?r=75 that's something more specific.
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +5,3 @@ +<keb>干し肉</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> @@ -6,0 +9,6 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>乾肉</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>乾し肉</keb> @@ -13,0 +22,1 @@ +<gloss>jerky</gloss>

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jmdict 2411140 Active (id: 2354094)
人いきれ；人熱れ [rK] ；人熅れ [rK]
【ひといきれ】

[n]
▶ body heat from several people in close quarters
▶ stuffy air

History:

5.	A 2025-12-11 00:55:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2025-12-11 00:18:56 parfait8
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬───────┬───────╮ │ 人いきれ　 │ 7,935 │ 94.1% │ │ 人熱れ　　 │ 73 │ 0.9% │ add rK │ 人熅れ　　 │ 0 │ 0.0% │ add (daijs, meikyo, etc.) │ ひといきれ │ 426 │ 5.1% │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴───────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,5 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>人熅れ</keb> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
3.	A 2012-10-08 01:58:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2012-10-06 22:36:13 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Hits in order: 62k, 5k
	Diff:	@@ -4,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>人いきれ</keb> +</k_ele>
1.	A 2008-09-23 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2479060 Active (id: 2213873)

ベリベリ

[n] {medicine}
▶ beriberi

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1226820 脚気 1. beriberi; severe thiamine deficiency

History:

5.	A 2022-11-18 00:15:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2022-11-17 23:42:16 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Splitting out sense 2 due to different etymology.
	Diff:	@@ -9 +9,2 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1226820">脚気・かっけ</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1226820">脚気</xref> +<field>&med;</field> @@ -11,7 +11,0 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<pos>&vs;</pos> -<pos>&adv-to;</pos> -<misc>&on-mim;</misc> -<gloss>tearing off something stuck on the surface of something else (e.g. duct tape)</gloss>
3.	A 2012-10-08 06:48:23 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	類語辞典 (sense 2)
	Comments:	PLEASE provide references. (Some WWW images support this, as does the ref above.) For sense 1 Daijirin says it's from German, but no other ref does.
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +9,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1226820">脚気・かっけ</xref> @@ -12,1 +13,0 @@ -<pos>&adv;</pos> @@ -17,1 +17,1 @@ -<gloss>Tearing or ripping something stuck on the surface of something else. Ex: peeling duck tape off of a box or package.</gloss> +<gloss>tearing off something stuck on the surface of something else (e.g. duct tape)</gloss>
2.	A* 2012-10-06 13:28:38
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +11,8 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&adv;</pos> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&vs;</pos> +<pos>&adv-to;</pos> +<misc>&on-mim;</misc> +<gloss>Tearing or ripping something stuck on the surface of something else. Ex: peeling duck tape off of a box or package.</gloss> +</sense>
1.	A 2009-07-17 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2745510 Active (id: 1113394)
計約
【けいやく】

[exp,pref]
▶ approximate total (of)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1252050 計【けい】 3. (in) total; total (of)
	⇒ see: 1538100 約【やく】 1. approximately; about

History:

3.	A 2012-10-08 02:02:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I'm not convinced it's needed, but let's see how it goes.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +11,1 @@ +<pos>&exp;</pos>
2.	A* 2012-10-06 01:30:55 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://www.practical-japanese.com/2012/06/blog-post_2587.html
	Comments:	As the ref says, it's just 計 and 約 used together, but I suppose it could be helpful.
	Diff:	@@ -11,3 +11,4 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> -<gloss>prefix approximation of a sum or total</gloss> -<gloss>"approximately 30 widgets total were sold last month"</gloss> +<pos>&pref;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1252050">計・けい・3</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1538100">約・やく・1</xref> +<gloss>approximate total (of)</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-09-19 07:43:23 Glenn <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/計約

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jmdict 2747830 Active (id: 1158596)
残業代
【ざんぎょうだい】

[n]
▶ overtime pay
▶ overtime money
▶ overtime payment

History:

4.	A 2014-06-06 23:19:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2014-06-06 06:41:22 Richard Warmington <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	I think this is the most common term for it. Anyway, it's in GG5.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<gloss>overtime pay</gloss>
2.	A 2012-10-06 01:20:37 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://www.practical-japanese.com/2011/08/blog-post_2751.html
1.	A* 2012-09-26 08:14:36 Marcus
	Refs:	eij, cross 5,450,000 results

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jmdict 2748660 Active (id: 1113347)
波板
【なみいた】

[n]
▶ corrugated sheet
▶ corrugated plate

History:

2.	A 2012-10-06 01:22:50 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-10-02 00:53:05 Marcus
	Refs:	研究社新和英中辞典, 機械工学英和和英辞典, jst

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jmdict 2749270 Active (id: 1114145)
木活字
【もっかつじ；もくかつじ】

[n]
▶ printing type made from wood

History:

2.	A 2012-10-12 22:18:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Also 木活字版.
1.	A* 2012-10-06 00:40:05 Scott
	Refs:	nikk

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jmdict 2749280 Active (id: 2350390)
翻印
【ほんいん】

[n] [rare]
▶ reprinting

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1627380 翻刻 1. reprinting (of a book)

History:

3.	A 2025-10-31 23:01:33 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	翻印 238 翻刻 25,526
	Comments:	Not vs in the kokugos.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +11,0 @@ -<pos>&vs;</pos> @@ -13,0 +13 @@ +<misc>&rare;</misc> @@ -15 +14,0 @@ -<gloss>reissuing</gloss>
2.	A 2012-10-12 22:15:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	JWN
1.	A* 2012-10-06 16:09:59 Scott
	Refs:	nikk koj

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jmdict 2749290 Active (id: 1113424)

リードヴォー

[n] Source lang: fre "ris de veau"
▶ calf sweetbread

History:

2.	A 2012-10-08 04:29:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/シビレ
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +9,1 @@ +<lsource xml:lang="fre">ris de veau</lsource>
1.	A* 2012-10-06 18:51:53 Scott
	Refs:	wiki google

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jmdict 2749300 Active (id: 1113533)

わっせ

[n]
▶ heave-ho!

History:

2.	A 2012-10-08 22:56:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-10-06 19:34:56 Tamas Kerecsen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q121483782

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jmdict 2749310 Active (id: 1114148)
竜骨突起
【りゅうこつとっき】

[n]
▶ keel (bird bone)
▶ carina

History:

2.	A 2012-10-12 22:22:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Koj, GG5, 新和英中辞典
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +13,1 @@ +<gloss>carina</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-10-06 20:29:40 Scott
	Refs:	wiki

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jmdict 2749320 Active (id: 2062013)

チュロス；チューロス

[n] {food, cooking} Source lang: spa "churros"
▶ churro

History:

6.	A 2020-03-22 10:26:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2020-03-21 17:42:40 Guillem Palau-Salvà
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<field>&food;</field>
4.	A 2019-04-14 20:50:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I guess so. I usually see it in the plural.
3.	A* 2019-04-14 13:36:05 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<lsource xml:lang="spa"/> +<lsource xml:lang="spa">churros</lsource> @@ -14 +13,0 @@ -<gloss>churros</gloss>
2.	A 2012-10-08 02:02:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2012-10-06 21:31:19 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/チュロス

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JMdictDB is an open-source Postgresql database and Python API for managing Japanese dictionary data developed by Stuart McGraw. More information at http://edrdg.org/~smg/. Please report software problems at https://gitlab.com/yamagoya/jmdictdb/issues or email to jmdictdb@mtneva.com.

JMdictDB - Japanese Dictionary Database

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