JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 1329750 Active (id: 1084020)
受験地獄
【じゅけんじごく】

[n]
▶ examination hell
▶ ordeal of entrance examinations

History:

2.	A 2012-01-21 06:08:10 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Not just university entrance.
	Diff:	@@ -13,1 +13,1 @@ -<gloss>ordeal of university entrance examinations</gloss> +<gloss>ordeal of entrance examinations</gloss>
1.	A* 2012-01-20 08:09:24 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Comments:	* Reorder glosses – put literal and evocative “examination hell” first * Reword – focus is on ordeal, not competitive (see 受験戦争 for focus on competitiveness)
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>competitive university entrance examinations (lit: examination hell)</gloss> +<gloss>examination hell</gloss> +<gloss>ordeal of university entrance examinations</gloss>

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jmdict 1534260 Rejected (id: 1084034)
盲腸 [ichi1,news2,nf36]
【もうちょう [ichi1,news2,nf36] 】

[n,adj-no] [col]
▶ appendix

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1426770 虫垂 1. (vermiform) appendix

[n,adj-no]
▶ cecum
▶ caecum
▶ blind gut

History:

3.	R 2012-01-21 08:23:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	NSJ comment.
2.	A* 2012-01-21 06:17:23 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I can't find any ref for 盲腸 meaning appendicitis.
	Diff:	@@ -26,7 +26,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1426780">虫垂炎</xref> -<misc>&col;</misc> -<gloss>appendicitis</gloss> -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
1.	A* 2012-01-20 13:16:12 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Split “appendix” (organ) and “appendicitis” (disease) into separate glosses.
	Diff:	@@ -20,0 +20,6 @@ +<misc>&col;</misc> +<gloss>appendix</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> @@ -22,1 +28,0 @@ -<gloss>appendix</gloss>

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jmdict 1707920 Active (id: 1915496)
取っておき；取って置き
【とっておき】

[adj-no,n] [uk]
▶ reserve
▶ spare

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2830580 取っとき【とっとき】 3. (ace) up one's sleeve; trump

[adj-no,n] [uk]
▶ treasured
▶ valued

[adj-no,n] [uk]
▶ (ace) up one's sleeve
▶ trump

History:

7.	A 2015-05-25 06:36:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2015-05-18 20:25:37
	Refs:	n-grams (4:1)
	Diff:	@@ -15,0 +16 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -21,0 +23 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -27,0 +30 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
5.	A 2013-12-03 04:29:31 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2013-12-03 02:01:07 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	新和英中辞典 daijs prog
	Comments:	"Trump" is really a noun, I guess, but it seems the perfect word for it.
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +16,7 @@ +<gloss>reserve</gloss> +<gloss>spare</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>treasured</gloss> @@ -17,2 +24,6 @@ -<gloss>the best</gloss> -<gloss>object set aside or held in reserve</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adj-no;</pos> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>(ace) up one's sleeve</gloss> +<gloss>trump</gloss>
3.	A* 2013-12-02 21:27:28 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Ngrams, 新和英中辞典
	Diff:	@@ -4,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>取っておき</keb> +</k_ele>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A 2012-01-21 06:19:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-01-20 07:51:14 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, etc.
	Comments:	* Add pos [adj-no] Saw today at shop as とっておきの散歩道
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +11,1 @@ +<pos>&adj-no;</pos>

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jmdict 1711350 Active (id: 1084017)
塗り薬；塗薬
【ぬりぐすり】

[n]
▶ medical cream
▶ ointment
▶ salve
▶ liniment

History:

2.	A 2012-01-21 01:59:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-01-20 13:22:40 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Reword and reorder glosses – “medical cream” (“spread medicine”) is simplest, and is how this is used (it’s pretty casual). I’ve never heard “liniment” in English; that’s a very technical term, hence should be last.
	Diff:	@@ -15,1 +15,1 @@ -<gloss>liniment</gloss> +<gloss>medical cream</gloss> @@ -18,0 +18,1 @@ +<gloss>liniment</gloss>

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jmdict 1737020 Active (id: 1084043)
水系 [news1,nf19]
【すいけい [news1,nf19] 】

[n]
▶ water system
▶ river system
▶ drainage system

History:

3.	A 2012-01-21 20:24:30 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2012-01-21 06:21:47 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, etc.
	Comments:	Can't see any refs for tributary as a separate sense.
	Diff:	@@ -16,0 +16,2 @@ +<gloss>water system</gloss> +<gloss>river system</gloss> @@ -18,4 +20,0 @@ -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<gloss>tributary</gloss> -</sense>
1.	A* 2012-01-20 01:28:09 Alex T. <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +18,4 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>tributary</gloss> +</sense>

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jmdict 1937570 Active (id: 1084018)
受験戦争
【じゅけんせんそう】

[n]
▶ examination war
▶ fiercely competitive university entrance examinations

History:

2.	A 2012-01-21 02:00:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-01-20 08:14:04 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Reword and detail glosses
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>fiercely competitive entrance examinations</gloss> +<gloss>examination war</gloss> +<gloss>fiercely competitive university entrance examinations</gloss>

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jmdict 2004750 Active (id: 2199620)
四当五落；４当５落
【よんとうごらく】

[exp]
▶ sleep four hours and pass, sleep five hours and fail (when cramming for university entrance exams)

History:

6.	A 2022-08-01 02:15:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Remove unsupported yoji tag -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -15 +14,0 @@ -<misc>&yoji;</misc>
5.	A 2017-08-06 00:27:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2017-08-05 10:52:04 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	usually I remove [yoji] tags, but here I think I will add one
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +15 @@ +<misc>&yoji;</misc>
3.	A 2012-01-21 06:24:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Trimming. I don't think the extra stuff is needed.
	Diff:	@@ -15,2 +15,1 @@ -<gloss>sleep four hours and pass, sleep five hours and fail (nightly sleep when cramming for university entrance exams)</gloss> -<gloss>four-pass, five-fail</gloss> +<gloss>sleep four hours and pass, sleep five hours and fail (when cramming for university entrance exams)</gloss>
2.	A* 2012-01-20 08:21:15 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Better wording
	Diff:	@@ -15,1 +15,1 @@ -<gloss>sleep four hours pass, sleep five hours fail (cramming for university entrance exams)</gloss> +<gloss>sleep four hours and pass, sleep five hours and fail (nightly sleep when cramming for university entrance exams)</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2012-01-20 08:19:25 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Add context: cramming for university entrance exams
	Diff:	@@ -15,2 +15,2 @@ -<gloss>sleep four hours pass, sleep five hours fail</gloss> -<gloss>four-pass, five fail</gloss> +<gloss>sleep four hours pass, sleep five hours fail (cramming for university entrance exams)</gloss> +<gloss>four-pass, five-fail</gloss>

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jmdict 2443250 Active (id: 2307000)
花開く；花ひらく [sK] ；華開く [sK] ；華ひらく [sK]
【はなひらく】

1.	[v5k,vi] ▶ to blossom ▶ to flower ▶ to bloom
2.	[v5k,vi] ▶ to flower (of a civilization, talent, etc.) ▶ to flourish ▶ to become widespread

Conjugations

History:

9.	A 2024-07-20 20:20:00 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8.	A* 2024-07-20 15:40:58 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	sankoku: （自五）〔文〕〔花がひらくように〕はつらつとしたときをむかえる。「━青春・━文化」⇨：開花。 meikyo: ❷物事の成果が現れる。また、物事が盛んになる。「長年の努力が花開いた」 Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 花開く　　 │ 126,534 │ 74.2% │ │ 花ひらく　 │ 37,387 │ 21.9% │ │ 華開く　　 │ 3,759 │ 2.2% │ │ 華ひらく　 │ 1,586 │ 0.9% │ │ はなひらく │ 1,190 │ 0.7% │ ├─ーーーーー─┼─────────┼───────┤ │ 花開い　　 │ 87,054 │ 93.1% │ │ 花ひらい　 │ 2,540 │ 2.7% │ - sK │ 華開い　　 │ 3,292 │ 3.5% │ - sK │ 華ひらい　 │ 473 │ 0.5% │ - add, sK │ はなひらい │ 161 │ 0.2% │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
	Comments:	Dropping [exp] tag. I suspect this word is mostly used figuratively. Maybe we should have two senses.
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -11,0 +13,5 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>華ひらく</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -17 +22,0 @@ -<pos>&exp;</pos> @@ -18,0 +24 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos> @@ -21,0 +28,7 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5k;</pos> +<pos>&vi;</pos> +<gloss>to flower (of a civilization, talent, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>to flourish</gloss> +<gloss>to become widespread</gloss>
7.	A 2016-01-24 11:31:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2016-01-22 08:27:12 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	KM ngrams: 花開く 3529 花ひらく 455 華開く 123
	Comments:	Saw it in the sentence 遣唐使が廃止された以降...国風分化が華開いたのです。
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>華開く</keb>
5.	A 2012-01-21 02:01:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)
4.	A* 2012-01-20 08:04:50 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	2,450,000 花開く 795,000 花ひらく
	Comments:	* Add alt spelling 花ひらく (saw as such in textbook today)
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>花ひらく</keb>
3.	A 2010-07-31 05:37:41 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +11,1 @@ +<pos>&exp;</pos>
2.	A* 2010-07-30 08:35:58 Jean-Luc Léger <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -11,1 +11,1 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&v5k;</pos>
1.	A 2009-05-24 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2679290 Active (id: 2149690)
イヌ科；犬科
【イヌか (イヌ科)；いぬか (犬科) 】

[n]
▶ Canidae (family containing domestic dogs, wolves, foxes, etc.)

History:

6.	A 2021-10-07 01:09:28 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -20,2 +20 @@ -<gloss>Canidae</gloss> -<gloss g_type="expl">family containing domestic dogs, wolves, foxes, etc.</gloss> +<gloss>Canidae (family containing domestic dogs, wolves, foxes, etc.)</gloss>
5.	A 2012-10-20 01:35:38 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -20,1 +20,2 @@ -<gloss>Canidae (family containing domestic dogs, wolves, foxes, etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>Canidae</gloss> +<gloss g_type="expl">family containing domestic dogs, wolves, foxes, etc.</gloss>
4.	A 2012-04-19 02:25:44 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2012-04-18 02:55:00 Jim Breen
	Refs:	En Wikip
	Comments:	Missing family overview.
	Diff:	@@ -20,1 +20,1 @@ -<gloss>Canidae</gloss> +<gloss>Canidae (family containing domestic dogs, wolves, foxes, etc.)</gloss>
2.	A 2012-01-20 04:29:04 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	nikk
	Comments:	refers to the family, not a member of that family
	Diff:	@@ -7,0 +7,7 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>犬科</keb> +</k_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>イヌか</reb> +<re_restr>イヌ科</re_restr> +</r_ele> @@ -9,0 +16,1 @@ +<re_restr>犬科</re_restr> @@ -12,1 +20,1 @@ -<gloss>canid</gloss> +<gloss>Canidae</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2012-01-20 00:24:53 Antonio <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://www.wordreference.com/enja/dog
	Comments:	"Text glossing" displayed the right meaning but "Word Search" it didn't.

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jmdict 2679300 Active (id: 2357721)
日台
【にったい】

[n]
▶ Japan and Taiwan
▶ Japanese-Taiwanese

History:

5.	A 2026-01-16 17:39:13 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Style alignment.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<gloss>Japan and Taiwan</gloss> @@ -13 +13,0 @@ -<gloss>Japan-Taiwan</gloss>
4.	A 2012-10-01 11:59:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think it is. I've only ever see it in things like 日台航空路線.
3.	A* 2012-09-26 05:15:11 Marcus
	Comments:	not really n-pref, is it?
	Diff:	@@ -11,1 +11,0 @@ -<pos>&n-pref;</pos>
2.	A 2012-01-21 06:24:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-01-20 13:05:22 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, 英辞郎
	Comments:	Used in class today (many Taiwanese students)

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jmdict 2679310 Active (id: 2074138)
飛行の三鈷
【ひぎょうのさんこ】

[exp,n] {Buddhism}
▶ three-pronged vajra flung by Kukai on his return from China to determine the Holy Land of Esoteric Buddhism

History:

6.	A 2020-07-03 23:42:49 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +11 @@ +<pos>&exp;</pos>
5.	A 2020-07-03 05:42:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2020-07-03 05:01:18 Opencooper
	Comments:	Buddism -> Buddhism
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>three-pronged vajra flung by Kukai on his return from China to determine the Holy Land of Esoteric Buddism</gloss> +<gloss>three-pronged vajra flung by Kukai on his return from China to determine the Holy Land of Esoteric Buddhism</gloss>
3.	A 2012-01-23 09:39:27 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<field>&Buddh;</field>
2.	A* 2012-01-23 09:39:09 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	koj, daij
	Diff:	@@ -5,1 +5,1 @@ -<keb>飛行三鈷</keb> +<keb>飛行の三鈷</keb> @@ -8,1 +8,1 @@ -<reb>ひぎょうさんこ</reb> +<reb>ひぎょうのさんこ</reb> @@ -12,2 +12,1 @@ -<gloss>"flying three-prong"</gloss> -<gloss>the three-pronged vajra pestle flung by Kukai on his return from China to determine the Holy Land of Esoteric Buddism (密教)</gloss> +<gloss>three-pronged vajra flung by Kukai on his return from China to determine the Holy Land of Esoteric Buddism</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2012-01-20 21:09:08 Eli <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/高野山

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jmdict 2679320 Active (id: 1953573)
圏界面
【けんかいめん】

[n]
▶ tropopause

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2679330 対流圏界面 1. tropopause

History:

4.	A 2017-06-14 23:35:36 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	In the case of abbreviations, yes. I don't think this is considered an abbreviation but an x-ref is helpful nonetheless.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +12 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="2679330">対流圏界面・たいりゅうけんかいめん</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="2679330">対流圏界面</xref>
3.	A* 2017-06-14 11:06:55 Amen Lernsky <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	i guess the xrefs usually go from the shorter entry to the longer.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2679330">対流圏界面・たいりゅうけんかいめん</xref>
2.	A 2012-01-21 06:25:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-01-20 23:56:41 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	eij, gg5

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jmdict 2679330 Active (id: 1935873)
対流圏界面
【たいりゅうけんかいめん】

[n]
▶ tropopause

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2679320 圏界面【けんかいめん】 1. tropopause

History:

4.	A 2016-10-01 22:36:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Indeed.
3.	A* 2016-10-01 16:03:48 Kim Ahlström <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/対流圏界面 https://kotobank.jp/word/対流圏界面-1360004#E3.83.87.E3.82.B8.E3.82.BF.E3.83.AB.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.B3.89
	Comments:	The reading for かいめん looks like it was incorrect.
	Diff:	@@ -8 +8 @@ -<reb>たいりゅうけんげんかい</reb> +<reb>たいりゅうけんかいめん</reb>
2.	A 2012-01-21 06:25:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-01-20 23:57:00 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	eij, gg5

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