JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 1193590 Active (id: 2238054)
河馬
【かば；カバ (nokanji) 】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius)
▶ hippo

History:

3.	A 2023-05-21 00:33:15 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	"hippo" could be helpful for reverse lookups. The JEs have it.
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +18 @@ +<gloss>hippo</gloss>
2.	A 2023-05-19 20:58:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Thanks. I think we can drop both.
	Diff:	@@ -14,4 +13,0 @@ -<r_ele> -<reb>かわうま</reb> -<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> -</r_ele> @@ -22 +17,0 @@ -<gloss>hippo</gloss>
1.	A* 2023-05-19 18:12:06 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	カバ 593039 96.6% 河馬 20883 3.4% かわうま 0 0.0% カワウマ 0 0.0% 川馬 164 <-- This is in the names dict as Kawauma, so ngrams aren't even necessarily mistakes 河馬<-- this isn't even in the super-flexible names dictionary as kawauma (kaba only) https://ja.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=河馬「河馬」読めますか？「かわうま」じゃなくて、絶対知ってるあの動物です https://cancam.jp/archives/948167 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippopotamus The hippopotamus or hippo...
	Comments:	I searched for かわうま and just get articles telling people how to "properly" pronounce 河馬, and that it is definitely not kawauma https://beauty.biglobe.ne.jp/news/lifestyle/myw_211227_7082168690 しかし、二つを合わせて“かわば”や“かうま”とは読みません。気になる読み方の正解ですが……。これ、実は“かば”と読みます。 mentioned at the end of nikk entry. not in daijs. It's on wiktionary, did they copy it from nikk? Not on wikipedia. I guess we could leave as [sk] for people who search phonetically, but given the total absence of ngrams, I'm thinking even little Japanese children must learn what hippos are from a young age. We don't generally list alt. readings as [sk] that don't regularly appear in actual use. Wiktionary is surprising. English wikipedia of the japanese entry does not give かわうま. https://ja.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=河馬 https://furigana.info/w/河馬かば 96.6% ヒポポタマス 3.4% <-- cute Google search:　"かわうま" Did you mean: "河馬"　 Might as well add the friendly "hippo" alt.
	Diff:	@@ -11 +11,2 @@ -<reb>かわうま</reb> +<reb>カバ</reb> +<re_nokanji/> @@ -14,2 +15,2 @@ -<reb>カバ</reb> -<re_nokanji/> +<reb>かわうま</reb> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -20,0 +22 @@ +<gloss>hippo</gloss>

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jmdict 1277470 Active (id: 2238003)
好き勝手；好きかって [sK]
【すきかって】

1.

[n,adj-na]
▶ doing whatever one pleases
▶ selfishness
▶ self-indulgence

History:

4.	A 2023-05-20 00:59:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 points to 好き放題.
	Diff:	@@ -19 +19 @@ -<gloss>overindulgence</gloss> +<gloss>self-indulgence</gloss>
3.	A* 2023-05-20 00:47:39
	Refs:	Eijiro daijs/r
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +15 @@ +<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -16,0 +18,2 @@ +<gloss>selfishness</gloss> +<gloss>overindulgence</gloss>
2.	A 2023-05-19 01:27:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2023-05-19 01:23:35 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 好き勝手　 │ 679,513 │ 95.7% │ │ 好きかって │ 27,563 │ 3.9% │ - add, sK │ スキ勝手　 │ 586 │ 0.1% │ │ すき勝手　 │ 584 │ 0.1% │ │ 好勝手　　 │ 80 │ 0.0% │ │ すきかって │ 1,746 │ 0.2% │ │ スキかって │ 330 │ 0.0% │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>好きかって</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>

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jmdict 1471400 Active (id: 2238009)
破茶滅茶 [ateji,rK] ；破茶目茶 [ateji,rK]
【はちゃめちゃ；ハチャメチャ (nokanji) 】

1.

[adj-na,n] [uk]
▶ absurd
▶ unreasonable
▶ nonsensical
▶ preposterous
▶ incoherent

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1533000 【めちゃくちゃ】 1. absurd; unreasonable; nonsensical; preposterous; incoherent

2.

[adj-na,n] [uk]
▶ extreme
▶ senseless
▶ reckless
▶ wanton

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1533000 【めちゃくちゃ】 2. extreme; senseless; reckless; wanton

3.

[adj-na,n] [uk]
▶ disorderly
▶ chaotic
▶ confused
▶ messy

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1533000 【めちゃくちゃ】 3. disorderly; chaotic; confused; messy

History:

8.	A 2023-05-20 01:06:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7.	A* 2023-05-19 20:20:37 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	N-gram counts posted below
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -10,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -22 +24 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1533000">目茶苦茶・めちゃくちゃ・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1533000">めちゃくちゃ・1</xref> @@ -33 +35 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1533000">目茶苦茶・めちゃくちゃ・2</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1533000">めちゃくちゃ・2</xref> @@ -43 +45 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1533000">目茶苦茶・めちゃくちゃ・3</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1533000">めちゃくちゃ・3</xref>
6.	A 2020-10-01 04:53:46 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2020-10-01 04:44:19 Opencooper
	Refs:	破茶滅茶 591 破茶目茶 419 はちゃめちゃ 140079 ハチャメチャ 157238
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +14,4 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ハチャメチャ</reb> +<re_nokanji/>
4.	A 2019-03-13 15:37:22 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Comments:	-> adj glosses
	Diff:	@@ -29,0 +30 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc> @@ -39,5 +40,5 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1548930">乱す</xref> -<gloss>disorder</gloss> -<gloss>confusion</gloss> -<gloss>mess</gloss> -<gloss>wreck</gloss> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>disorderly</gloss> +<gloss>chaotic</gloss> +<gloss>confused</gloss> +<gloss>messy</gloss>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A* 2019-03-12 19:24:50 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs g ng 破茶目茶 419 (not actually in the yahoo kokugo's) 破茶滅茶 591
	Diff:	@@ -4,0 +5,4 @@ +<keb>破茶滅茶</keb> +<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> @@ -5,0 +10 @@ +<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf>
2.	A 2012-03-02 22:55:41 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2012-03-02 03:58:12 Paul Upchurch
	Refs:	daijr
	Comments:	daijr just defines this as being the same as めちゃくちゃ
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +11,1 @@ +<pos>&adj-na;</pos> @@ -12,0 +13,1 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1533000">目茶苦茶・めちゃくちゃ・1</xref> @@ -13,1 +15,24 @@ -<gloss>nonsense</gloss> +<gloss>absurd</gloss> +<gloss>unreasonable</gloss> +<gloss>nonsensical</gloss> +<gloss>preposterous</gloss> +<gloss>incoherent</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adj-na;</pos> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1533000">目茶苦茶・めちゃくちゃ・2</xref> +<gloss>extreme</gloss> +<gloss>senseless</gloss> +<gloss>reckless</gloss> +<gloss>wanton</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&adj-na;</pos> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1533000">目茶苦茶・めちゃくちゃ・3</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1548930">乱す</xref> +<gloss>disorder</gloss> +<gloss>confusion</gloss> +<gloss>mess</gloss> +<gloss>wreck</gloss>

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jmdict 1472250 Active (id: 2238048)
拝火教
【はいかきょう】

1.	[n] ▶ fire worship
2.	[n] ▶ Zoroastrianism ▶ Parseeism

History:

6.	A 2023-05-20 23:27:01 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2023-05-19 01:41:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Nikk, in its パルシー entry, says "インドのゾロアスター教徒。ペルシア系で、ムンバイ(旧ボンベイ)を中心に居住。"
	Comments:	Probably valid, but not a separate sense.
	Diff:	@@ -17,3 +16,0 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos>
4.	A* 2023-05-19 00:07:42 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Is there another source for "Parseeism"? The kokugos only mention ゾロアスター教. Luminous has Zoroastrianism but not Parseeism.
3.	A* 2023-05-16 07:41:03 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A 2023-05-16 07:40:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I'll approve and reopen.
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2023-05-16 07:37:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, Daijr/s - Daijisen splits senses.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,4 @@ +<gloss>fire worship</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -13,0 +18,4 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>Parseeism</gloss> +</sense>

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jmdict 1499280 Active (id: 2237998)
蕪 [news2,nf34] ；蕪菁 [rK]
【かぶ [news2,nf34] ；かぶら；カブ (nokanji)；カブラ (nokanji) 】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ turnip (Brassica rapa)

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2228110 鏑【かぶら】 1. turnip-shaped whistle made of hollowed-out wood or deer horn (attached to an arrow to sound when fired)
	⇐ see: 2858032 蕪菜【かぶな】 1. turnip (Brassica rapa)
	⇐ see: 2188770 菘【すずな】 1. turnip (Brassica rapa)

History:

4.	A 2023-05-20 00:44:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Pretty much what the JEs and kokugos have.
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19,3 @@ +<reb>かぶら</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> @@ -21,3 +23,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>かぶら</reb>
3.	A* 2023-05-19 17:58:49 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	かぶ 1010960 37.2% カブ 1198919 44.2%　<- other meanings "cub". For "turnip", maybe more common than かぶら, maybe not... a pleasant fiction 　　　　　　　　　　　　　search　"カブ" 野菜　 for lots of turnip examples. かぶら 329912 12.2% カブラ 38453 1.4% 蕪 135581 5.0% 蕪菁 596 0.0%
	Comments:	See comments at proposed new entry for 蕪菜, which splits off two of the readings. (I believe one kanji/reading association here was not correct).
	Diff:	@@ -11,3 +11 @@ -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>蕪菜</keb> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -17,2 +14,0 @@ -<re_restr>蕪</re_restr> -<re_restr>蕪菁</re_restr> @@ -23,3 +19,2 @@ -<reb>かぶら</reb> -<re_restr>蕪</re_restr> -<re_restr>蕪菁</re_restr> +<reb>カブ</reb> +<re_nokanji/> @@ -28,11 +23 @@ -<reb>かぶな</reb> -<re_restr>蕪</re_restr> -<re_restr>蕪菁</re_restr> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>かぶらな</reb> -<re_restr>蕪菜</re_restr> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>カブ</reb> -<re_nokanji/> +<reb>かぶら</reb>
2.	A 2013-02-13 07:04:53 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -38,0 +38,1 @@ +<re_nokanji/> @@ -41,0 +42,1 @@ +<re_nokanji/>
1.	A* 2013-02-13 06:52:19 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ex of カブラ: http://fujiya1935.com/dinner.html
	Diff:	@@ -36,0 +36,6 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>カブ</reb> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>カブラ</reb> +</r_ele>

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jmdict 1566900 Active (id: 2237947)
慇懃無礼；いんぎん無礼 [sK]
【いんぎんぶれい】

1.

[adj-na,n] [yoji]
▶ superficially polite but actually rude
▶ rude under a veneer of politeness
▶ courteous on the surface but insolent at heart

History:

5.	A 2023-05-19 01:27:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2023-05-18 21:40:35 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 慇懃無礼　　 │ 22,579 │ 98.2% │ │ いんぎん無礼 │ 314 │ 1.4% │ - add, sK (jitsuyou) │ インギン無礼 │ 89 │ 0.4% │ ╰─ーーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>いんぎん無礼</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
3.	A 2021-06-21 23:36:09 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2021-06-20 11:36:13 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, wisdom
	Diff:	@@ -14,2 +14,3 @@ -<gloss>hypocritical courtesy</gloss> -<gloss>superficially polite but rude in intent</gloss> +<gloss>superficially polite but actually rude</gloss> +<gloss>rude under a veneer of politeness</gloss> +<gloss>courteous on the surface but insolent at heart</gloss>
1.	A 2014-08-25 01:12:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Kanji Haitani list
	Comments:	Adding yoji tagAdding yoji tag -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<misc>&yoji;</misc>

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jmdict 1571800 Active (id: 2238010)
蕾 [ichi1,news2,nf36] ；莟 [rK]
【つぼみ [ichi1,news2,nf36] 】

1.

[n]
▶ (flower) bud

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2829563 花の下紐【はなのしたひも】 1. flower bud

2.

[n]
▶ promising young person
▶ budding beauty

History:

10.	A 2023-05-20 01:07:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9.	A* 2023-05-19 20:58:49 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 桜の蕾　　　　 │ 16,451 │ 37.4% │ │ 桜の莟　　　　 │ 44 │ 0.1% │ - rK (kokugos) │ 桜のつぼみ　　 │ 27,457 │ 62.5% │ ├─ーーーーーーー─┼────────┼───────┤ │ 蕾が膨らん　　 │ 11,283 │ 55.2% │ │ 莟が膨らん　　 │ 32 │ 0.2% │ │ つぼみが膨らん │ 9,135 │ 44.7% │ ╰─ーーーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
8.	A 2017-04-19 02:10:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7.	A* 2017-04-11 19:34:00 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr/s
	Comments:	Always a flower bud.
	Diff:	@@ -21,2 +21 @@ -<gloss>bud</gloss> -<gloss>flower bud</gloss> +<gloss>(flower) bud</gloss>
6.	A 2016-07-13 01:00:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr & 中辞典 both split senses.
	Diff:	@@ -22,0 +23,3 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -23,0 +27 @@ +<gloss>budding beauty</gloss>
(show/hide 5 older log entries)
5.	A* 2016-07-12 21:37:35 John Carey <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://www.weblio.jp/content/蕾
	Diff:	@@ -22,0 +23 @@ +<gloss>promising young person</gloss>
4.	A 2015-06-22 22:55:57 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google n-grams: 蕾 1028245 莟 6698 つぼみ 943607
	Comments:	The later and larger Google set shows the individual kanji form is in front.
	Diff:	@@ -21 +20,0 @@ -<misc>&uk;</misc>
3.	A* 2015-06-22 20:45:11 luce
	Refs:	eij, prog kana
	Comments:	I missed the point of that last change. don't the n-grams show that the kana form is the most common?
	Diff:	@@ -20,0 +21 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
2.	A 2015-05-09 15:53:01 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2015-05-09 13:55:34 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ngrams (from Jim's new web tool): つぼみ 21351 蕾 17033 莟 222
	Diff:	@@ -21 +20,0 @@ -<misc>&uk;</misc>

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jmdict 1589470 Active (id: 2237963)
織姫；織り姫；おり姫 [sK]
【おりひめ】

1.

[n]
▶ woman textile worker

2.

[n] {astronomy}
▶ Vega (star in the constellation Lyra)
▶ Alpha Lyrae

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1853770 織女星 1. Vega (star in the constellation Lyra); Alpha Lyrae
	⇒ see: 1119440 ベガ 1. Vega (star in the constellation Lyra); Alpha Lyrae

History:

6.	A 2023-05-19 05:26:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2023-05-19 03:16:44 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	〈織（り）／おり／オリ〉〈姫／ひめ／ヒメ〉 Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 織り姫　 │ 38,580 │ 10.8% │ │ 織姫　　 │ 270,063 │ 75.4% │ - move up │ おり姫　 │ 10,225 │ 2.9% │ - add, sK │ オリ姫　 │ 880 │ 0.2% │ │ 織りひめ │ 86 │ 0.0% │ │ 織ひめ　 │ 24 │ 0.0% │ │ おりひめ │ 33,807 │ 9.4% │ │ オリヒメ │ 4,631 │ 1.3% │ ╰─ーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>織姫</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -8 +11,2 @@ -<keb>織姫</keb> +<keb>おり姫</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
4.	A 2017-04-22 09:55:55 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -22 +22 @@ -<gloss>Vega (bright star in the constellation Lyra)</gloss> +<gloss>Vega (star in the constellation Lyra)</gloss>
3.	A 2012-06-04 21:29:48 Jean-Luc Leger <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -20,0 +20,2 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1119440">ベガ</xref> +<field>&astron;</field> @@ -21,1 +23,1 @@ -<gloss>Alpha-Lyrae</gloss> +<gloss>Alpha Lyrae</gloss>
2.	A 2011-07-11 07:08:26 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -20,1 +20,2 @@ -<gloss>Vega (bright star in the constellation Lyra, Alpha Lyrae)</gloss> +<gloss>Vega (bright star in the constellation Lyra)</gloss> +<gloss>Alpha-Lyrae</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2011-07-10 07:41:10 Domingos de Mascarenhas <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -20,1 +20,1 @@ -<gloss>Vega (constellation)</gloss> +<gloss>Vega (bright star in the constellation Lyra, Alpha Lyrae)</gloss>

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jmdict 1592890 Active (id: 2238067)
恋焦がれる；恋い焦がれる；恋いこがれる [sK] ；恋こがれる [sK]
【こいこがれる】

1.

[v1,vi]
▶ to yearn (for)
▶ to pine (for)
▶ to long (for)
▶ to be madly in love (with)
▶ to be consumed with love (for)

Conjugations

History:

6.	A 2023-05-21 03:57:09 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2023-05-21 00:38:12 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, wisdom
	Diff:	@@ -24,3 +24,5 @@ -<gloss>to yearn for</gloss> -<gloss>to pine</gloss> -<gloss>to be deeply in love with</gloss> +<gloss>to yearn (for)</gloss> +<gloss>to pine (for)</gloss> +<gloss>to long (for)</gloss> +<gloss>to be madly in love (with)</gloss> +<gloss>to be consumed with love (for)</gloss>
4.	A 2023-05-20 01:51:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2023-05-19 22:50:17 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 恋い焦がれ │ 7,691 │ 15.5% │ │ 恋焦がれ　 │ 35,644 │ 71.9% │ - move up (daijr, smk) │ 恋いこがれ │ 3,560 │ 7.2% │ - sK │ 恋こがれ　 │ 2,254 │ 4.5% │ - sK │ 恋焦れ　　 │ 212 │ 0.4% │ │ 恋い焦れ　 │ 48 │ 0.1% │ │ こいこがれ │ 150 │ 0.3% │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>恋焦がれる</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -8,3 +10,0 @@ -<keb>恋焦がれる</keb> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> @@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -14,0 +16 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2.	A 2015-09-12 22:44:26 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -20,0 +21 @@ +<pos>&vi;</pos>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2015-09-12 16:50:51 luce
	Refs:	eij n-grams 恋い焦がれる 159 恋焦がれる 351 恋こがれる 39 恋いこがれる 78
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>恋いこがれる</keb> @@ -18,0 +22 @@ +<gloss>to pine</gloss>

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jmdict 1598640 Active (id: 2238100)
尊ぶ [ichi1] ；貴ぶ [ichi1] ；尚ぶ [rK]
【とうとぶ [ichi1] ；たっとぶ [ichi1] 】

1.

[v5b,vt]
▶ to value
▶ to prize
▶ to esteem

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2525450 尊む【とうとむ】 1. to value; to prize; to honor; to respect

2.

[v5b,vt]
▶ to respect
▶ to honour
▶ to honor
▶ to revere
▶ to look up to

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2525450 尊む【とうとむ】 2. to respect; to honour; to honor; to revere; to look up to

Conjugations

History:

4.	A 2023-05-21 11:57:09 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2023-05-21 09:40:48 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5, prog, daij 尚ぶ 1,027 -- chujiten, meikyo (in a note)
	Comments:	Prog and wisdom only have とうとぶ. Sankoku points from たっとぶ to とうとぶ. Meikyo describes たっとぶ as a "やや古風な言い方". Splitting into senses.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,4 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>尚ぶ</keb> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> @@ -13 +17 @@ -<reb>たっとぶ</reb> +<reb>とうとぶ</reb> @@ -17 +21 @@ -<reb>とうとぶ</reb> +<reb>たっとぶ</reb> @@ -25,0 +30,4 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5b;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> @@ -26,0 +35,4 @@ +<gloss>to honour</gloss> +<gloss>to honor</gloss> +<gloss>to revere</gloss> +<gloss>to look up to</gloss>
2.	A 2023-05-19 05:09:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5 has たっとぶ as the primary reading and とうとぶ as an xref. 中辞典 does it the other wy round. 尊ぶ 56970 89.6% 貴ぶ 4395 6.9% とうとぶ 1028 1.6% たっとぶ 1219 1.9%
	Comments:	Can drop the "news2" tags.
	Diff:	@@ -11,2 +10,0 @@ -<ke_pri>news2</ke_pri> -<ke_pri>nf36</ke_pri> @@ -13,0 +12,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>たっとぶ</reb> +<re_pri>ichi1</re_pri> +</r_ele> @@ -17,6 +18,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>たっとぶ</reb> -<re_pri>ichi1</re_pri> -<re_pri>news2</re_pri> -<re_pri>nf36</re_pri>
1.	A* 2023-05-19 00:15:53 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	All of my refs lead with 尊ぶ Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 尊ぶ　　 │ 56,970 │ 89.6% │ │ 貴ぶ　　 │ 4,395 │ 6.9% │ │ たっとぶ │ 1,219 │ 1.9% │ │ とうとぶ │ 1,028 │ 1.6% │ ├─ーーーー─┼────────┼───────┤ │ 尊ん　　 │ 8,749 │ 58.6% │ │ 貴ん　　 │ 1,345 │ 9.0% │ │ たっとん │ 4,498 │ 30.1% │ │ とうとん │ 336 │ 2.3% │ ╰─ーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,4 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>尊ぶ</keb> +<ke_pri>ichi1</ke_pri> +</k_ele> @@ -9,4 +12,0 @@ -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>尊ぶ</keb> -<ke_pri>ichi1</ke_pri>

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jmdict 1756040 Active (id: 2238014)
義理堅い；義理がたい [sK]
【ぎりがたい】

1.

[adj-i]
▶ possessed of a strong sense of duty

Conjugations

History:

2.	A 2023-05-20 01:50:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2023-05-19 23:04:02 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 義理堅い　 │ 17,895 │ 93.0% │ │ 義理がたい │ 1,289 │ 6.7% │ - add, sK │ ぎりがたい │ 52 │ 0.3% │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>義理がたい</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>

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jmdict 1756160 Active (id: 2237958)
彦星；ひこ星
【ひこぼし】

1.

[n] {astronomy}
▶ Altair (star in the constellation Aquila)
▶ Alpha Aquilae

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2176710 アルタイル 1. Altair (star in the constellation Aquila); Alpha Aquilae

History:

3.	A 2023-05-19 05:10:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2023-05-19 03:12:50 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	〈彦／ひこ／ヒコ〉〈星／ぼし／ボシ〉 Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 彦星　　 │ 183,950 │ 80.6% │ │ ひこ星　 │ 15,630 │ 6.9% │ - add │ ヒコ星　 │ 599 │ 0.3% │ │ 彦ぼし　 │ 64 │ 0.0% │ │ ひこぼし │ 24,001 │ 10.5% │ │ ヒコボシ │ 3,911 │ 1.7% │ ╰─ーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>ひこ星</keb>
1.	A 2012-06-05 22:29:05 Jean-Luc Leger <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,4 @@ -<gloss>Altair</gloss> +<xref type="see" seq="2176710">アルタイル</xref> +<field>&astron;</field> +<gloss>Altair (star in the constellation Aquila)</gloss> +<gloss>Alpha Aquilae</gloss>

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jmdict 1768760 Active (id: 2237986)
針千本；はり千本 [sK]
【はりせんぼん；ハリセンボン (nokanji) 】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ porcupinefish (Diodon holacanthus)
▶ balloonfish

History:

4.	A 2023-05-19 21:00:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2023-05-19 19:10:13 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	〈針／はり／ハリ〉〈千／せん／セン〉〈本／ぼん／ボン〉 Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮ │ 針千本　　　 │ 12,384 │ 7.8% │ │ ハリ千本　　 │ 166 │ 0.1% │ │ 針せんぼん　 │ 73 │ 0.0% │ │ はり千本　　 │ 50 │ 0.0% │ - sK │ 針センボン　 │ 22 │ 0.0% │ │ ハリセンボン │ 128,821 │ 81.2% │ │ はりせんぼん │ 11,212 │ 7.1% │ │ はりせんボン │ 5,818 │ 3.7% │ │ ハリせんぼん │ 30 │ 0.0% │ ╰─ーーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2.	A 2013-01-21 21:37:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Diff:	@@ -19,1 +19,2 @@ -<gloss>porcupinefish</gloss> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>porcupinefish (Diodon holacanthus)</gloss>
1.	A* 2013-01-21 16:56:16 Francis
	Refs:	See below.
	Comments:	Just the additional reading. It was in the text which I was reading. Not many Google hits, but if any one searches based upon such a reading they will not get a result. If they searched for "千本", they get the main entry above at the top of the list.　If they search for "はり", they will find the result somewhere if they plough through the near one hundred entries. So, maybe the reading could be included.
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>はり千本</keb>

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jmdict 1777850 Active (id: 2237981)
奇天烈 [ateji]
【きてれつ；キテレツ (nokanji) 】

1.

[adj-na] [col,uk]
▶ very strange
▶ odd
▶ queer

History:

4.	A 2023-05-19 20:42:20 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, meikyo
	Comments:	Not a noun.
	Diff:	@@ -17 +16,0 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos>
3.	A 2023-05-18 07:12:51 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2023-05-18 06:34:41 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 奇天烈　 │ 53,288 │ 35.9% │ │ きてれつ │ 7,326 │ 4.9% │ │ キテレツ │ 87,936 │ 59.2% │ ╰─ーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +19 @@ +<misc>&uk;</misc>
1.	A* 2023-05-18 06:34:04 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	sankoku and obunsha have (俗) tags
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +18 @@ +<misc>&col;</misc>

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jmdict 1924160 Active (id: 2237965)

チョベリバ；ちょべりば

1.

[exp] [sl,dated]
《from 超, ベリー, バッド》
▶ very, very bad

History:

9.	A 2023-05-19 05:37:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8.	A* 2023-05-19 05:29:01 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	period -> comma
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<s_inf>from 超. ベリー, バッド</s_inf> +<s_inf>from 超, ベリー, バッド</s_inf>
7.	A 2023-05-19 05:18:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	In the absence of an entry for 超ベリー, I think it was better the way it was.
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<s_inf>from 超ベリーバッド</s_inf> +<s_inf>from 超. ベリー, バッド</s_inf>
6.	A* 2023-05-19 03:59:28
	Diff:	@@ -14 +14 @@ -<s_inf>from 超, ベリー, バッド</s_inf> +<s_inf>from 超ベリーバッド</s_inf>
5.	A* 2023-05-19 01:53:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://wesleycrobertson.wordpress.com/2023/05/16/i-answer-twitter-questions-episode-2/ "there's no question that ちょべりば is long dead and has spent more time being dead than it ever spent being popular. " チョベリバ 5040 85.8% ちょべりば 834 14.2%
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +7,3 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>ちょべりば</reb> +</r_ele> @@ -9,0 +13 @@ +<misc>&dated;</misc>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)
4.	A 2012-04-25 11:59:53 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2012-04-25 09:49:09 Marcus
	Diff:	@@ -11,1 +11,1 @@ -<gloss>very, very bad (teen slang)</gloss> +<gloss>very, very bad</gloss>
2.	A 2011-10-20 22:38:05 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2011-10-20 21:19:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/チョベリバ
	Comments:	Not a noun.
	Diff:	@@ -8,1 +8,3 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&exp;</pos> +<misc>&sl;</misc> +<s_inf>from 超, ベリー, バッド</s_inf>

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jmdict 2032230 Active (id: 2237952)
馬鹿慇懃
【ばかいんぎん】

1.

[n,adj-na] [yoji,rare]
▶ overdone politeness
▶ polite to a fault
▶ feigned politeness

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1674230 馬鹿丁寧 1. overly polite; excessively polite; polite to a fault

History:

4.	A 2023-05-19 01:46:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Indeed. If it weren't in Daijirin and 日本国語大辞典 I'd drop it.
3.	A* 2023-05-18 22:07:02 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	馬鹿丁寧 is much more common 〈馬鹿／ばか／バカ〉〈慇懃／いんぎん／インギン〉 Kyoto/Melbourne N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーー─┬───╮ │ 馬鹿慇懃　　 │ 1 │ │ ばか慇懃　　 │ 0 │ │ バカ慇懃　　 │ 0 │ │ 馬鹿いんぎん │ 0 │ │ 馬鹿インギン │ 0 │ │ ばかいんぎん │ 0 │ │ バカいんぎん │ 0 │ │ ばかインギン │ 0 │ │ バカインギン │ 0 │ ╰─ーーーーーー─┴───╯
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1674230">馬鹿丁寧</xref> @@ -13,0 +15 @@ +<misc>&rare;</misc>
2.	A 2014-08-25 02:35:39 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Kanji Haitani list
	Comments:	Adding yoji tagAdding yoji tag -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<misc>&yoji;</misc>
1.	A 2005-03-05 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2153080 Active (id: 2238254)
元の鞘に収まる；元の鞘に納まる；元のさやに収まる；元のさやに納まる；もとの鞘に収まる [sK] ；もとのさやに収まる [sK] ；もとの鞘に納まる [sK] ；もとのさやに納まる [sK]
【もとのさやにおさまる】

1.

[exp,v5r] [id]
▶ to bury the hatchet
▶ to make up
▶ to be reconciled
▶ to be reunited (e.g. couple)
▶ to be reinstated

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1260880 元サヤ【もとサヤ】 1. getting back together; being reconciled; returning to normal

Conjugations

History:

12.	A 2023-05-24 01:31:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	[rK] usually signals "not common but in references". This one is marginal.
11.	A* 2023-05-23 02:04:36 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Since none of the individual kanji are rare, it wouldn't be [rK]
	Diff:	@@ -15 +14,0 @@ -<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
10.	A 2023-05-19 05:25:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	元の鞘に収まる 1057 41.2% 元の鞘に納まる 719 28.0% 元のさやに収まる 426 16.6% <- removing sK 元のさやに納まる 132 5.1% <- GG5 もとの鞘に収まる 83 3.2% もとのさやに収まる 60 2.3% もとの鞘に納まる 66 2.6% もとのさやに納まる 21 0.8%
	Diff:	@@ -12 +11,0 @@ -<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -16 +15 @@ -<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
9.	A* 2023-05-19 01:37:01 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -14,0 +16 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -17,0 +20 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -20,0 +24 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -23,0 +28 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -26,0 +32 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
8.	A 2018-01-09 09:37:55 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -33,0 +34 @@ +<misc>&id;</misc>
(show/hide 7 older log entries)
7.	A 2013-09-10 23:36:00 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
6.	A* 2013-09-10 19:33:53 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, ngrams
	Comments:	Reordered on frequency (GG5 uses 元のさやに納まる.) Yes, the example sentence is poor. I have replaced it with another.
	Diff:	@@ -8,3 +8,0 @@ -<keb>もとの鞘に収まる</keb> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> @@ -15,0 +12,6 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>元のさやに納まる</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>もとの鞘に収まる</keb> @@ -25,3 +28,0 @@ -<k_ele> -<keb>元のさやに納まる</keb> -</k_ele> @@ -36,0 +36,3 @@ +<gloss>to be reconciled</gloss> +<gloss>to be reunited (e.g. couple)</gloss> +<gloss>to be reinstated</gloss>
5.	A* 2013-09-10 19:13:24
	Comments:	Hi, the connection between the definitions given and the example sentence, すべて元の鞘におさまった "Everything is in place now", is not very clear.
4.	A 2012-06-20 02:17:39 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Whee.
3.	A* 2012-06-19 22:03:38 Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Hits (first two versions get 96k hits each, last two versions get 7k hits each, the rest are in between)
	Diff:	@@ -6,0 +6,21 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>もとの鞘に収まる</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>元の鞘に納まる</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>元のさやに収まる</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>もとのさやに収まる</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>もとの鞘に納まる</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>もとのさやに納まる</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>元のさやに納まる</keb>
2.	A 2010-11-15 11:18:42 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Added additional PoS via batch update.Added additional PoS via batch update. -- via bulkupd.py --
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<pos>&v5r;</pos>
1.	A 2007-03-28 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2523500 Active (id: 2238008)
ｇｋｂｒ
【ガクブル】

1.

[exp] [net-sl]
▶ trembling with fear

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2523510 ガクガクブルブル 1. chattering (of teeth) and trembling (with fear)

History:

8.	A 2023-05-20 01:06:05 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I agree.
7.	A* 2023-05-20 01:02:22 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	"gkbr" is a headword in daijirin. It should probably stay.
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>ｇｋｂｒ</keb> +</k_ele>
6.	A* 2023-05-20 00:50:40 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	???
	Comments:	Reason for this edit?
5.	A* 2023-05-19 06:23:54 bis_senchi <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -4,3 +3,0 @@ -<k_ele> -<keb>ｇｋｂｒ</keb> -</k_ele>
4.	A 2020-06-02 21:31:07 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A* 2020-06-02 16:27:43 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr, jitsuyou https://kotobank.jp/word/ガクガクブルブル-188447#E7.9F.A5.E6.81.B5.E8.94.B5
	Comments:	Internet slang.
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>ｇｋｂｒ</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -8,2 +11 @@ -<pos>&vs;</pos> -<xref type="see" seq="1003080">ガクガク</xref> +<pos>&exp;</pos> @@ -11,6 +13,2 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1011260">ブルブル</xref> -<misc>&abbr;</misc> -<misc>&on-mim;</misc> -<gloss>to tremble</gloss> -<gloss>to shiver (from stress, fear or panic)</gloss> -<gloss>to experience a sense of stress, fear, or panic</gloss> +<misc>&net-sl;</misc> +<gloss>trembling with fear</gloss>
2.	A* 2020-06-02 14:53:20 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	to "figuratively experience fear"? I don't understand what that means.
	Diff:	@@ -16 +16 @@ -<gloss>(figuratively) to experience a sense of stress, fear, or panic</gloss> +<gloss>to experience a sense of stress, fear, or panic</gloss>
1.	A 2009-11-14 00:00:00
	Comments:	Entry created

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jmdict 2588670 Deleted (id: 2238002)

いめいめしい

1.

[adj-i] [rare]
▶ annoying

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1587580 【いまいましい】 1. annoying; infuriating; provoking; irritating; aggravating; vexing

Conjugations

History:

4.	D 2023-05-20 00:52:26 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Agree.
3.	D* 2023-05-19 23:57:30 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: No matches
	Comments:	Not in any of my refs. I think it's only in the unabridged nikk.
2.	A 2010-10-19 01:20:25 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2010-10-17 19:24:43 Scott
	Refs:	nikk

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jmdict 2833702 Active (id: 2296157)
指切りげんまん、嘘ついたら針千本飲ます；指切拳万、嘘ついたら針千本飲ます [sK] ；指切りげんまん嘘ついたら針千本飲ます [sK] ；指切拳万嘘ついたら針千本飲ます [sK]
【ゆびきりげんまん、うそついたらはりせんぼんのます】

1.

[exp] [id]
《said by children when making a pinky swear》
▶ cross my heart and hope to die, stick a needle in my eye
▶ [lit] pinky promise pledge: if you're lying, I'll make you drink a thousand needles

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1612970 指切り 1. pinky swear (i.e. linking little fingers to confirm a promise); pinky promise
	⇐ see: 2743110 指切りげんまん【ゆびきりげんまん】 1. pinky swear (i.e. linking little fingers to confirm a promise); pinky promise
	⇐ see: 2236500 拳万【げんまん】 1. pinky swear (i.e. linking little fingers to confirm a promise); pinky promise

History:

11.	A 2024-03-26 22:40:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
10.	A* 2024-03-26 20:24:30 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daijr/s use 飲ます rather than 呑ます in their entries for variants of this expression. The 指切拳万 form is rare and has its own entry, so it probably doesn't need to be visible here.
	Comments:	https://github.com/JMdictProject/JMdictIssues/issues/122 Adding commas to readings to align with kanji forms.
	Diff:	@@ -8 +8,10 @@ -<keb>指切拳万、嘘ついたら針千本呑ます</keb> +<keb>指切拳万、嘘ついたら針千本飲ます</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>指切りげんまん嘘ついたら針千本飲ます</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>指切拳万嘘ついたら針千本飲ます</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -11 +20 @@ -<reb>ゆびきりげんまんうそついたらはりせんぼんのます</reb> +<reb>ゆびきりげんまん、うそついたらはりせんぼんのます</reb>
9.	A 2023-05-19 20:53:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	8-)}
8.	A* 2023-05-19 19:48:22 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/指切り拳万嘘吐いたら針千本飲ます嘘として__縫い針__を千本飲ませるような罰 https://happy-seed0327.com/smile/porcupinefish.html このフレーズを聞いて、この“はりせんぼん”は魚のハリセンボンか？そう思う人もいるかもしれませんが、これは「針千本」です。
	Comments:	I thought the fish version made more sense, but it seems the "thousand needles" interpretation really is the standard. Reverting back to Robin's version.
	Diff:	@@ -19 +19 @@ -<gloss g_type="lit">pinky promise pledge: if you're lying, I'll make you swallow a porcupinefish</gloss> +<gloss g_type="lit">pinky promise pledge: if you're lying, I'll make you drink a thousand needles</gloss>
7.	A* 2023-05-19 19:16:08 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I just noticed it's 飲ます (not 飲みます), so I shouldn't have changed the "make you" wording
	Diff:	@@ -19 +19 @@ -<gloss g_type="lit">pinky promise pledge: if I lie, I'll swallow a porcupinefish</gloss> +<gloss g_type="lit">pinky promise pledge: if you're lying, I'll make you swallow a porcupinefish</gloss>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)
6.	A* 2023-05-19 19:06:26 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	針千本 = porcupinefish
	Diff:	@@ -19 +19 @@ -<gloss g_type="lit">pinky promise pledge: if you're lying, I'll make you drink a thousand needles</gloss> +<gloss g_type="lit">pinky promise pledge: if I lie, I'll swallow a porcupinefish</gloss>
5.	A 2022-11-26 20:23:09 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2022-11-26 19:17:20 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/PinkySwear
	Comments:	I think this is clearer.
	Diff:	@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>指切りげんまん、嘘ついたら針千本飲ます</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -12 +15 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1612970">指切り・ゆびきり</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1612970">指切り</xref> @@ -14,2 +17,3 @@ -<gloss g_type="lit">Finger cut-off, ten thousand fist-punches, whoever lies has to swallow a thousand needles</gloss> -<gloss g_type="expl">words said when making a pinky swear</gloss> +<s_inf>said by children when making a pinky swear</s_inf> +<gloss>cross my heart and hope to die, stick a needle in my eye</gloss> +<gloss g_type="lit">pinky promise pledge: if you're lying, I'll make you drink a thousand needles</gloss>
3.	A 2017-12-24 22:42:31 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	jim's policy approach to commas
	Diff:	@@ -8 +8 @@ -<reb>ゆびきりげんまん、うそついたらはりせんぼんのます</reb> +<reb>ゆびきりげんまんうそついたらはりせんぼんのます</reb>
2.	A 2017-10-25 00:19:48 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	The mind boggles.
1.	A* 2017-10-24 10:23:06 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	jwiki(ゆびきり) wiki(finger swear)

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jmdict 2836264 Active (id: 2238004)
燎原の火
【りょうげんのひ】

1.

[exp,n]
《used figuratively》
▶ wildfire

History:

6.	A 2023-05-20 01:00:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2023-05-19 20:40:30 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijs: 勢いが盛んで防ぎようがないもののたとえ。
	Comments:	I think it's always figurative.
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<s_inf>oft. used metaphorically</s_inf> +<s_inf>used figuratively</s_inf>
4.	A 2023-05-19 05:10:55 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2023-05-18 23:49:56
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<s_inf>oft. used metaphorically</s_inf>
2.	A 2018-07-13 18:57:04 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	gg5
	Comments:	i think that's implied. used metaphorically the same way in both languages
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +11 @@ +<pos>&exp;</pos> @@ -12 +13 @@ -<gloss>rapidly expanding wildfire</gloss> +<gloss>wildfire</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)
1.	A* 2018-07-13 13:04:03 huixing
	Refs:	http://kotowaza-allguide.com/ri/ryougennohi.html

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jmdict 2842652 Active (id: 2237961)
親子喧嘩；親子ゲンカ；親子げんか
【おやこげんか】

1.

[n]
▶ family quarrel
▶ quarrel between parent and child

History:

4.	A 2023-05-19 05:19:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2023-05-19 01:18:06 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 親子ゲンカ　 │ 4,858 │ 15.3% │ - add │ 親子げんか　 │ 4,761 │ 15.0% │ │ 親子喧嘩　　 │ 22,164 │ 69.6% │ - move up │ おやこげんか │ 49 │ 0.2% │ ╰─ーーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
	Diff:	@@ -5 +5 @@ -<keb>親子げんか</keb> +<keb>親子喧嘩</keb> @@ -8 +8,4 @@ -<keb>親子喧嘩</keb> +<keb>親子ゲンカ</keb> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>親子げんか</keb>
2.	A 2020-01-07 06:51:02 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	https://cocoiro.me/article/13573
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>親子喧嘩</keb>
1.	A* 2020-01-07 06:23:36
	Refs:	https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=親子げんか

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jmdict 2850610 Active (id: 2237985)

ゲーミング

1.

[n] {video games}
《usu. in compounds》
▶ gaming

History:

4.	A 2023-05-19 20:59:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2023-05-19 16:18:09 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ゲーミング 25,679 ゲーミングが 149 ゲーミングは 176 ゲーミングを 440
	Comments:	I don't think I've ever seen this used as a standalone noun. The kokugos only have ゲーミング in compounds.
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10 @@ +<s_inf>usu. in compounds</s_inf>
2.	A 2021-09-28 07:18:48 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	vidg tag? or add (computer) in front of "gaming" to make it clear it's not "gaming the system" etc.
	Diff:	@@ -8,0 +9 @@ +<field>&vidg;</field>
1.	A* 2021-09-28 05:20:28 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://www.gizmodo.jp/2021/09/rog-cat7-cable.html
	Comments:	ゲーミング 25679

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jmdict 2858016 Active (id: 2238139)
拝火教徒
【はいかきょうと】

1.	[n] ▶ fire worshipper
2.	[n] ▶ Zoroastrian ▶ Parsee

History:

4.	A 2023-05-21 23:43:54 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think these x-ref provide any additional context or useful information. We don't have a キリスト教 x-ref on キリスト教徒.
	Diff:	@@ -12 +11,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1472250">拝火教・1</xref> @@ -17 +15,0 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1472250">拝火教・2</xref>
3.	A 2023-05-19 01:42:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Nikk, in its パルシー entry, says "インドのゾロアスター教徒。ペルシア系で、ムンバイ(旧ボンベイ)を中心に居住。"
	Comments:	Aligning. Not a different sense.
	Diff:	@@ -25,6 +24,0 @@ -</sense> -<sense> -<pos>&n;</pos> -<xref type="see" seq="1472250">拝火教・3</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="1472250">拝火教・3</xref> -<xref type="see" seq="1472250">拝火教・3</xref>
2.	A 2023-05-16 07:42:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5: 拝火教徒 a fire worshipper; a Zoroastrian; a Parsee.
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12,2 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1472250">拝火教・1</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1472250">拝火教・1</xref> @@ -12,0 +15,12 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1472250">拝火教・2</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1472250">拝火教・2</xref> +<gloss>Zoroastrian</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1472250">拝火教・3</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1472250">拝火教・3</xref> +<gloss>Parsee</gloss>
1.	A* 2023-05-16 07:23:30
	Refs:	研究社　新和英大辞典　第５版

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jmdict 2858026 Active (id: 2237993)
昼間部
【ちゅうかんぶ】

1.

[n]
▶ daytime session (of a school, university, etc.)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1536580 夜間部 1. night-school session; evening classes

History:

3.	A 2023-05-19 23:59:12 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>daytime session (school, university)</gloss> +<gloss>daytime session (of a school, university, etc.)</gloss>
2.	A 2023-05-18 11:06:53 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	夜間部 36908 昼間部 26214 Daijs. Nikk
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>daytime schooling</gloss> +<gloss>daytime session (school, university)</gloss>
1.	A* 2023-05-18 07:45:52 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://kotobank.jp/word/昼間部-1711293

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jmdict 2858027 Active (id: 2238141)
誤配達
【ごはいたつ】

1.

[n]
▶ misdelivery

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1693290 誤配 1. misdelivery

History:

7.	A 2023-05-21 23:58:17 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I don't think so, as 誤配 already means "misdelivery". Aligning with 誤配. I don't think the parenthesised part is needed.
	Diff:	@@ -13 +13 @@ -<gloss>misdelivery (of post, etc. to the wrong recipient)</gloss> +<gloss>misdelivery</gloss>
6.	A 2023-05-20 11:53:43 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Possibly could go either way. I tried the following sentence in MeCab: "いままでは誤配達の経験はないのですが、これも民営化の影響でしょうか。" The parse was " ... は+誤配+達+の...".
5.	A* 2023-05-20 11:29:28 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	It's 誤 + 配達, not 誤配 + 達.
4.	A 2023-05-20 01:05:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	達/たつ is usually a notification, but we don't explicitly have it as an entry. I think it's worth keeping.
3.	A* 2023-05-19 20:38:00 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	誤配達 5,160 誤配 44,744
	Comments:	Not sure it's needed. A+B. Less common than 誤配.
(show/hide 2 older log entries)
2.	A* 2023-05-18 22:48:20
	Diff:	@@ -11,0 +12 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1693290">誤配</xref>
1.	A* 2023-05-18 11:37:06

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jmdict 2858029 Active (id: 2238074)
抜け漏れ；抜けもれ
【ぬけもれ；ヌケモレ (nokanji) 】

1.

[n]
▶ oversight
▶ omission

History:

2.	A 2023-05-21 05:36:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	抜け漏れ 1335 71.1% ぬけもれ 38 2.0% ヌケモレ 355 18.9% 抜けもれ 150 8.0%
	Comments:	A bit A+B-ish, but worth having esp. for the katakana usage.
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>抜けもれ</keb> @@ -18,2 +20,0 @@ -<gloss>something overlooked</gloss> -<gloss>thing left unnoticed</gloss>
1.	A* 2023-05-19 00:01:09 Nicolas Maia
	Refs:	https://iikaeru.com/nukemore/#:~:text=あるはずのものが抜け落ちること。&text=元々あったはずの,ことを意味します。
	Comments:	Styled it after 見落. Saw the katakana version at work.

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jmdict 2858030 Active (id: 2238050)

パールシー；パルシー

1.

[n]
▶ Parsi
▶ Parsee

History:

2.	A 2023-05-21 00:18:19 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2023-05-19 01:37:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	パールシー 4530 78.1% <- Koj, RP パルシー 1268 21.9% <- GG5 (within パルシー教), Nikk (mentions パールシー as an alternative) parsee 19516 parsi 115909

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jmdict 2858031 Active (id: 2237996)
曲水の宴
【きょくすいのえん；ごくすいのえん】

1.

[exp,n] [hist]
▶ winding stream party (event for composing poetry and drinking rice wine)

History:

2.	A 2023-05-20 00:36:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	ルミナス: poetry feast at the edge of a stream in the palace garden
	Comments:	More common than i thought.
1.	A* 2023-05-19 17:57:18 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daijr/s, koj, obunsha, jitenon https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winding_stream_party https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/曲水の宴 Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーー─┬───────╮ │ 曲水の宴 │ 9,505 │ │ 曲水の飲 │ 20 │ │ 曲宴　　 │ 114 │ ╰─ーーーー─┴───────╯

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jmdict 2858032 Active (id: 2238063)
蕪菜；かぶ菜
【かぶな；かぶらな；カブナ [sk] 】

1.

[n] [uk]
▶ turnip (Brassica rapa)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1499280 【カブ】 1. turnip (Brassica rapa)

History:

4.	A 2023-05-21 03:44:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2023-05-21 00:16:20 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	蕪菜 552 かぶ菜 1,478 かぶな 3,836 かぶらな 2,216
	Comments:	Too common for [rare]. NHK Accent has かぶな.
	Diff:	@@ -22 +22 @@ -<xref type="see" seq="1499280">蕪・かぶ</xref> +<xref type="see" seq="1499280">カブ</xref> @@ -24 +23,0 @@ -<misc>&rare;</misc>
2.	A 2023-05-20 00:48:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Yes, good split.
1.	A* 2023-05-19 18:01:56 Brian Krznarich <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	かぶ 1010960 かぶな 3836 50.2% かぶらな 2216 29.0% かぶ菜 1478 19.3% カブナ 109 1.4% カブラナ 0 0.0% nikk: かぶら‐な【蕪菜】かぶ‐な【蕪菜】動植物名よみかた辞典　普及版「蕪菜」の解説蕪菜 (カブナ・カブラナ)
	Comments:	Initially excised かぶらな from the かぶ entry(xref). If daijs is to be believed, we had the wrong kanji on かぶな as well.(nikk seems to agree, actually). Seems to be a (sufficiently) clean division between 蕪菜 and 蕪/蕪菁. Everything in this entry combined is rare compared to the main entry. Removing these from the main entry allows it to be simplified quite a bit, rather than squeezing everything into one spot (even if these are all synonyms).

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jmdict 2858033 Active (id: 2237990)
夢見がち；夢見勝ち [rK] ；夢みがち [sK]
【ゆめみがち】

1.

[adj-na,n]
▶ (tendency of being) unrealistic
▶ fanciful
▶ rosy-eyed
▶ dreamy

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 2016470 勝ち【がち】 1. apt to (do); liable to; prone to; inclined to; tend to

History:

3.	A 2023-05-19 22:54:20 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	KOD: 夢見がちな年ごろなんだよ. She is at an age when people dream a lot. Eijiro
	Diff:	@@ -20,0 +21 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="2016470">勝ち・がち・1</xref> @@ -23 +24,2 @@ -<gloss>rosy eyed</gloss> +<gloss>rosy-eyed</gloss> +<gloss>dreamy</gloss>
2.	A* 2023-05-19 21:42:47 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	夢みがち 3,881
	Diff:	@@ -9,0 +10,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>夢みがち</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
1.	A* 2023-05-19 21:41:02 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	meikyo:〘名・形動〙非現実的な理想を追う傾向にあること。「━な人」 Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮ │ 夢見がち　 │ 88,793 │ 96.2% │ - meikyo │ 夢見勝ち　 │ 482 │ 0.5% │ - daijisen │ ゆめみがち │ 2,995 │ 3.2% │ ╰─ーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯

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JMdictDB is an open-source Postgresql database and Python API for managing Japanese dictionary data developed by Stuart McGraw. More information at http://edrdg.org/~smg/. Please report software problems at https://gitlab.com/yamagoya/jmdictdb/issues or email to jmdictdb@mtneva.com.

2.	A 2023-05-19 20:29:13 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12 +11,0 @@ -<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
1.	A* 2023-05-19 16:29:23
	Refs:	wiki
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +13 @@ +<field>&anat;</field>

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