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jmdict 1043380 Active (id: 2288188)

クール [gai1]
1. [adj-na]
▶ cool (temperature, color, etc.)
2. [adj-na]
▶ cool (i.e. calm and collected)
▶ cool-headed
▶ cold-hearted
3. [adj-na]
▶ cool (i.e. fashionable or stylish)



History:
5. A 2024-01-11 00:59:17  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2024-01-10 21:17:43  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
gg5, wisdom, daij
  Diff: 
@@ -14,0 +15,2 @@
+<gloss>cool-headed</gloss>
+<gloss>cold-hearted</gloss>
@@ -18 +20 @@
-<gloss>cool (i.e. fashionable, attractive, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>cool (i.e. fashionable or stylish)</gloss>
3. A 2023-01-18 02:24:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
OK. Indices fixed.
2. A* 2023-01-18 02:17:39  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
I've split the last two senses off. I'll keep this open until I can amend the sentence links (Tatoeba is down).
  Diff: 
@@ -20,11 +19,0 @@
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<lsource xml:lang="ger">Kur</lsource>
-<gloss>course (of medical treatment)</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<lsource xml:lang="fre">cours</lsource>
-<gloss>season (series) of a television program (usu. 13 installments over a 3-month period)</gloss>
-<gloss>cour</gloss>
-</sense>
1. A* 2023-01-13 23:43:40  Opencooper
  Refs: 
* chuujiten: 1 クール a thirteen-week run of a television series.
* gg5: 〔テレビ・ラジオで, 連続番組の放送期間の区切りの単位; 通例 13 週が 1 クール〕 a 「thirteen-week [three-month] run of a 「TV [radio] series.
* prog: a three-month [thirteen-week] period [run] of a television series
* genius: (番組の放送期間の単位) season
* wikt: a 13-week unit of television broadcasting

* https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/7977/what-is-a-cour
* https://www.liveabout.com/the-origins-of-cour-144802
* https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cour#English
  Comments: 
Firstly, gonna need some lsrc splits.

For the television term, only one ref uses "season". Cours and seasons are not equivalent, and there can be multiple cours in a season. Perhaps the gloss can be modified as "thirteen-week (three-month) run of a series". The refs are consistent about the duration.
  Diff: 
@@ -28,0 +29 @@
+<gloss>cour</gloss>

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jmdict 1045500 Active (id: 2292500)

クローズ [gai1]
1. [n,vs,vt,vi]
▶ close
▶ closing

Conjugations


History:
7. A 2024-02-24 10:49:29  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
As "ＣＬＯＳＥ" only applies to sense 2, I propose to split it off for consideration as a separate entry. See 2860273.
  Diff: 
@@ -4,3 +3,0 @@
-<k_ele>
-<keb>ＣＬＯＳＥ</keb>
-</k_ele>
@@ -18,5 +14,0 @@
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&exp;</pos>
-<s_inf>on store, etc. signage</s_inf>
-<gloss>closed</gloss>
6. A* 2024-02-22 09:12:08  Ma
  Refs: 
https://www.quicktranslate.com/blog/2017/03/日本のお店は残念なお店だらけ？「営業終了」は/
  Comments: 
Maybe ｉｍ 3xaggerating but I feel almost 90% of shops in Japan has signs saying "close"
  Diff: 
@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>ＣＬＯＳＥ</keb>
+</k_ele>
@@ -14,0 +18,5 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&exp;</pos>
+<s_inf>on store, etc. signage</s_inf>
+<gloss>closed</gloss>
5. A 2023-01-18 21:34:29  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -13,0 +14 @@
+<gloss>closing</gloss>
4. A 2023-01-17 22:40:33  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
I'm splitting this on source word.
  Diff: 
@@ -14,8 +13,0 @@
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<gloss>clause</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<gloss>clothes</gloss>
3. A* 2023-01-17 22:00:15  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
"clause" is in daijr/s and koj.

sankoku says [vt,vi] for "close."

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーー─┬─────────╮
│ クローズ　　 │ 520,124 │
│ クローズする │  24,103 │
│ クローズし　 │  75,025 │
╰─ーーーーーー─┴─────────╯
  Comments: 
Etymology split?
  Diff: 
@@ -10,0 +11,2 @@
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
@@ -11,0 +14,4 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>clause</gloss>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

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jmdict 1161740 Deleted (id: 2219339)
一気に飲む
【 いっきにのむ 】
1. [exp,v5m]
▶ to drink in one gulp

Conjugations


History:
4. D 2023-01-18 10:32:59  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
cf.
一気に読む	26561
一気に見る	12883
一気に食べる	11434
3. D 2023-01-18 10:28:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Not a strong case for keeping it.
2. A* 2023-01-18 02:17:40  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
一気に飲む	9587
一気に飲み干す	10990  <- not an entry
  Comments: 
A+B. I don't think this is needed.
1. A 2010-08-08 02:13:34  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -11,0 +11,1 @@
+<pos>&exp;</pos>

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jmdict 1169910 Active (id: 2219372)
飲酒運転 [spec2]
【 いんしゅうんてん [spec2] 】
1. [n]
▶ drunk driving
▶ drink-driving
▶ driving while intoxicated
▶ drinking and driving
▶ driving under the influence (of alcohol)



History:
3. A 2023-01-18 20:23:50  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2023-01-18 14:13:08  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
gg5
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driving_under_the_influence
  Diff: 
@@ -6 +6 @@
-<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri>
+<ke_pri>spec2</ke_pri>
@@ -10 +10 @@
-<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
+<re_pri>spec2</re_pri>
@@ -14 +14,2 @@
-<gloss>drunken driving</gloss>
+<gloss>drunk driving</gloss>
+<gloss>drink-driving</gloss>
@@ -16,0 +18 @@
+<gloss>driving under the influence (of alcohol)</gloss>
1. A 2018-04-08 12:08:28  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
gg5
G n-grams 830292
  Diff: 
@@ -5,0 +6 @@
+<ke_pri>spec1</ke_pri>
@@ -8,0 +10 @@
+<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
@@ -12,0 +15,2 @@
+<gloss>driving while intoxicated</gloss>
+<gloss>drinking and driving</gloss>

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jmdict 1175270 Active (id: 2219411)
悦楽
【 えつらく 】
1. [n,vs,vi]
▶ joy
▶ pleasure
▶ delight

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2023-01-19 12:33:14  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
gg5, prog, luminous
  Diff: 
@@ -14 +14 @@
-<gloss>enjoyment</gloss>
+<gloss>joy</gloss>
@@ -15,0 +16 @@
+<gloss>delight</gloss>
1. A* 2023-01-18 23:56:03  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
[vi]: shinmeikai, sankoku, iwanami
  Diff: 
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>

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jmdict 1175910 Active (id: 2219284)
円陣 [news2,nf45]
【 えんじん [news2,nf45] 】
1. [n]
▶ (forming a) circle
▶ huddle
2. [n]
▶ circular (battle) formation



History:
4. A 2023-01-18 01:05:34  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2023-01-17 23:26:11  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
daijr/s
  Comments: 
Splitting into senses.
  Diff: 
@@ -16,3 +16 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1833480">陣立て・じんだて・1</xref>
-<gloss>forming a circle</gloss>
-<gloss>circular formation (orig. in battle)</gloss>
+<gloss>(forming a) circle</gloss>
@@ -20 +18,4 @@
-<gloss>ring</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>circular (battle) formation</gloss>
2. A 2012-04-11 02:57:22  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Daijr, GG5
  Comments: 
The "standing" is incidental.
  Diff: 
@@ -16,2 +16,5 @@
-<gloss>(standing in a) circular formation</gloss>
-<gloss>(standing in a) ring (esp. battle formation)</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="1833480">陣立て・じんだて</xref>
+<gloss>forming a circle</gloss>
+<gloss>circular formation (orig. in battle)</gloss>
+<gloss>huddle</gloss>
+<gloss>ring</gloss>
1. A* 2012-04-11 02:37:01  Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
GG5 daijr koj
  Comments: 
Elaborate – specifically *standing* in a circle, esp. battle formation (as follows from 陣)
  Diff: 
@@ -16,2 +16,2 @@
-<gloss>circle</gloss>
-<gloss>ring</gloss>
+<gloss>(standing in a) circular formation</gloss>
+<gloss>(standing in a) ring (esp. battle formation)</gloss>

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jmdict 1178390 Active (id: 2219390)
遠目 [news2,nf42] ； 遠眼 [rK]
【 とおめ [news2,nf42] 】
1. [n]
▶ distant view
▶ looking from a distance
2. [n]
▶ being able to see a long distance
▶ good long-distance vision
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2832946 遠目がきく 1. to be able to see far into the distance; to have good long-distance vision
3. [n]
▶ farsightedness
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1178120 遠視 1. farsightedness; far-sightedness; hyperopia; hypermetropia; long-sightedness



History:
10. A 2023-01-18 23:50:31  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
daijr
  Diff: 
@@ -26 +26,2 @@
-<gloss>good long distance vision</gloss>
+<gloss>being able to see a long distance</gloss>
+<gloss>good long-distance vision</gloss>
@@ -30,2 +31 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
-<xref type="see" seq="1178120">遠視・えんし</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1178120">遠視</xref>
9. A 2023-01-17 07:02:58  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8. A* 2023-01-17 01:34:57  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬─────────╮
│ 遠目　 │ 263,203 │
│ 遠眼　 │     462 │ - adding (daijs, meikyo)
│ とおめ │  11,912 │
╰─ーーー─┴─────────╯
  Diff: 
@@ -7,0 +8,4 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>遠眼</keb>
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
7. A 2017-08-01 06:21:35  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2017-07-27 16:59:06  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
daij, koj, gg5
  Comments: 
Added sense.
Sense 1 is not an adjective.
  Diff: 
@@ -15 +14,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
@@ -17 +15,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -18,0 +17 @@
+<gloss>looking from a distance</gloss>
@@ -21,0 +21,6 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2832946">遠目がきく</xref>
+<gloss>good long distance vision</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
(show/hide 5 older log entries)

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jmdict 1180770 Active (id: 2219332)
横合い； 横合
【 よこあい 】
1. [n]
▶ side
▶ flank
2. [n]
▶ position where one is not directly involved (in a matter)
▶ outsider's position
▶ the sidelines



History:
4. A 2023-01-18 10:29:14  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2023-01-18 02:05:57  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
daijr/s
gg5: 横合いから口をはさむ　interpose [put in] a remark; edge in a word; edge a word in; break 《into others' conversation》
横合い	7548	90.5%
横合	793	9.5%
  Comments: 
Not archaic. GG5's first example is sense 2. Prog and chujiten have two senses.
  Diff: 
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>横合</keb>
@@ -17,4 +20,3 @@
-<misc>&arch;</misc>
-<gloss>unrelated position</gloss>
-<gloss>the outside</gloss>
-<gloss>unconnected location</gloss>
+<gloss>position where one is not directly involved (in a matter)</gloss>
+<gloss>outsider's position</gloss>
+<gloss>the sidelines</gloss>
2. A 2023-01-16 06:11:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
The 2nd sense is not in the JEs and seems old.
  Diff: 
@@ -16,0 +17 @@
+<misc>&arch;</misc>
@@ -18 +18,0 @@
-<gloss>3rd party position</gloss>
@@ -20 +20 @@
-<gloss>unconnected</gloss>
+<gloss>unconnected location</gloss>
1. A* 2023-01-14 09:43:38  Kyle Ong <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/横合/#jn-227225
  Comments: 
added definition
  Diff: 
@@ -14,0 +15,7 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>unrelated position</gloss>
+<gloss>3rd party position</gloss>
+<gloss>the outside</gloss>
+<gloss>unconnected</gloss>
+</sense>

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jmdict 1238790 Active (id: 2219393)
仰け反る； のけ反る [sK]
【 のけぞる 】
1. [v5r,vi] [uk]
▶ to bend backwards
▶ to bend oneself back
2. [v5r,vi] [uk]
▶ to be taken aback

Conjugations


History:
7. A 2023-01-18 23:59:47  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Stephen, feel free to drop forms with 0 ngram counts.
  Diff: 
@@ -9,8 +8,0 @@
-<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>仰けぞる</keb>
-<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>仰反る</keb>
6. A 2023-01-17 06:59:16  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2023-01-17 04:01:12  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 仰け反る │  9,598 │ 25.9% │
│ のけ反る │  1,613 │  4.4% │ - sK
│ 仰けぞる │      0 │  0.0% │ - sK
│ 仰反る　 │      0 │  0.0% │ - sK
│ のけぞる │ 25,839 │ 69.7% │
╰─ーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
  Diff: 
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -11,0 +13 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -15 +17 @@
-<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
4. A 2018-02-05 10:43:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2018-02-04 18:04:09  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
daij, koj, gg5
  Comments: 
Intransitive.
仰反る isn't supported by the refs.
  Diff: 
@@ -14,0 +15 @@
+<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf>
@@ -20,0 +22 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
@@ -22,2 +24,2 @@
-<gloss>to bend (backward)</gloss>
-<gloss>to throw (the head) back</gloss>
+<gloss>to bend backwards</gloss>
+<gloss>to bend oneself back</gloss>
@@ -26,0 +29 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

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jmdict 1241510 Active (id: 2219426)
禁忌 [news2,nf31]
【 きんき [news2,nf31] 】
1. [n,vs,vt,adj-no]
▶ taboo
2. [n] {medicine}
▶ contraindication

Conjugations


History:
5. A 2023-01-19 19:30:37  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
禁忌	186541
禁忌する	539
禁忌し	181
禁忌さ	449
---
禁忌とされ	4191	    
禁忌とする	1262
禁忌とし	        1159
  Comments: 
I note that vs usage is quite rare. No examples in the refs. 〜とする is more common.
I don't think the second gloss for sense 1 is needed.
  Diff: 
@@ -20 +19,0 @@
-<gloss>day, time, direction, words, etc. that must be avoided</gloss>
4. A* 2023-01-18 23:54:12  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
[vt]: meikyo, shinmeikai, etc.
  Diff: 
@@ -16,0 +17 @@
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
3. A 2014-12-21 03:55:23  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -23 +23,2 @@
-<gloss>contraindication (medical)</gloss>
+<field>&med;</field>
+<gloss>contraindication</gloss>
2. A 2010-11-12 21:16:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2010-11-12 16:53:40  Scott
  Refs: 
koj gg5 etc.
  Diff: 
@@ -19,0 +19,5 @@
+<gloss>day, time, direction, words, etc. that must be avoided</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>contraindication (medical)</gloss>

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jmdict 1245320 Active (id: 2219320)
空き缶 [news1,nf13] ； 空缶； あき缶 [sK] ； 空きカン [sK]
【 あきかん [news1,nf13] 】
1. [n]
▶ empty can



History:
4. A 2023-01-18 05:49:15  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
空き缶	317528	86.4%
空缶	23525	6.4%
あき缶	8538	2.3%
あきかん	11517	3.1%
空きカン	3132	0.9%
あきカン	974	0.3%
空きかん	2408	0.7%
  Diff: 
@@ -13,0 +14,5 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>空きカン</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
3. A 2020-10-11 19:51:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
空き缶	317528
空缶	23525
あき缶	8538
  Diff: 
@@ -10,0 +11,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>あき缶</keb>
2. A 2016-12-17 07:13:22  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
G n-grams:
 空き缶	317528
 空缶	 23525
 あきかん	 11517
  Comments: 
not in gg5, koj, daijs, but common
1. A* 2016-12-16 23:23:42 
  Diff: 
@@ -7,0 +8,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>空缶</keb>

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jmdict 1329060 Active (id: 2219356)
酒気帯び運転； 酒気帯運転 [sK]
【 しゅきおびうんてん 】
1. [n] {law}
▶ drunk driving
▶ drink-driving
▶ driving under the influence (of alcohol)
▶ DUI



History:
5. A 2023-01-18 14:09:12  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
酒気帯び運転	187249	99.4%
酒気帯運転	1207	0.6%
  Comments: 
BrE term.
  Diff: 
@@ -5,0 +6,4 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>酒気帯運転</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -13,0 +18 @@
+<gloss>drink-driving</gloss>
4. A 2023-01-18 10:29:50  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2023-01-18 05:34:19  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Not really helpful, not an explanatory glosz
  Diff: 
@@ -16 +15,0 @@
-<gloss g_type="expl">legal category based on blood alcohol content</gloss>
2. A 2012-05-08 12:57:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-05-08 12:44:39  Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
GG5 daijr ja:WP
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/飲酒運転
  Comments: 
* Cleanup glosses (better wording)
* [fld=law] (technical legal term)
* Add explanatory note on this being a blood alcohol content based legal category
  Diff: 
@@ -12,1 +12,5 @@
-<gloss>driving under some influence of alcohol</gloss>
+<field>&law;</field>
+<gloss>drunk driving</gloss>
+<gloss>driving under the influence (of alcohol)</gloss>
+<gloss>DUI</gloss>
+<gloss g_type="expl">legal category based on blood alcohol content</gloss>

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jmdict 1428280 Active (id: 2220621)
朝 [ichi1,news1,nf09]
【 あさ [ichi1,news1,nf09] 】
1. [n,adv]
▶ morning
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2857350 朝【あした】 1. morning
2. [n]
▶ breakfast



History:
17. A 2023-02-02 03:47:04  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
16. A* 2023-02-02 00:29:49  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
I didn't mean to drop the second sense.
  Diff: 
@@ -19,0 +20,4 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>breakfast</gloss>
15. A* 2023-02-02 00:27:49  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Daijr 3rd ed has "「晨」とも書く" for the "morning" sense of あした. I don't see it in the other refs. It's probably not needed.
Meikyo and sankoku tag 朝/あした as〔雅〕. I think this alone justifies a separate entry. I'll draft one.
I think the arch sense can be dropped.
  Diff: 
@@ -16,3 +15,0 @@
-<r_ele>
-<reb>あした</reb>
-</r_ele>
@@ -23,11 +19,0 @@
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<stagr>あさ</stagr>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<gloss>breakfast</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<stagr>あした</stagr>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<misc>&arch;</misc>
-<gloss>next morning</gloss>
14. A* 2023-01-31 05:29:07  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
I can't find any examples/references of 晨 being used as a stand-alone word with the reading あした. I suggest dropping it. It will simplify the entry.
  Diff: 
@@ -10,3 +9,0 @@
-<k_ele>
-<keb>晨</keb>
-</k_ele>
@@ -15 +11,0 @@
-<re_restr>朝</re_restr>
@@ -34 +29,0 @@
-<stagk>朝</stagk>
13. A* 2023-01-18 17:39:53  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
I find these reading/kanji restrictions a little confusing to read. I think we should have a separate 朝/あした entry, as in meikyo and daijs.
(show/hide 12 older log entries)

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jmdict 1459470 Active (id: 2219380)
内覧
【 ないらん 】
1. [n,vs,vt]
▶ preview (of an exhibition)
▶ private viewing
▶ preliminary inspection

Conjugations


History:
7. A 2023-01-18 21:19:22  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
内覧	457257
内見	129070
  Comments: 
Most of the kokugos don't mention 内見.
  Diff: 
@@ -14 +13,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2836364">内見・ないけん</xref>
6. A 2023-01-17 20:29:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Sneak preview seems to be usually 内覧会, which is an entry.
  Diff: 
@@ -18 +17,0 @@
-<gloss>sneak preview</gloss>
5. A* 2023-01-17 08:47:31  Nicolas Maia
  Refs: 
https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/内覧
https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=内覧
  Comments: 
Also used in real estate.
  Diff: 
@@ -16,0 +17,2 @@
+<gloss>preliminary inspection</gloss>
+<gloss>sneak preview</gloss>
4. A 2021-11-18 01:21:34  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff: 
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
3. A 2018-07-28 00:25:13  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
内見 has moved.
  Diff: 
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2836364">内見・ないけん</xref>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

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jmdict 1472800 Active (id: 2219334)
背中 [ichi1,news1,nf07] ； 背なか [sK]
【 せなか [ichi1,news1,nf07] 】
1. [n]
▶ back (of the body)
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2854021 背【そびら】 1. back (of the body)



History:
5. A 2023-01-18 10:30:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2023-01-18 05:03:31  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬───────────╮
│ 背中　 │ 5,640,134 │
│ 背なか │     1,072 │ - sK
│ せなか │    43,821 │
╰─ーーー─┴───────────╯
  Diff: 
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
3. A 2022-03-19 21:31:06  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -21 +21 @@
-<gloss>back (of body)</gloss>
+<gloss>back (of the body)</gloss>
2. A 2010-12-13 22:24:16  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
It looks like 脊中 is read せきちゅう as is being used for 脊柱.
1. A* 2010-12-13 17:58:32  Scott
  Comments: 
脊中 also gets some hits
  Diff: 
@@ -9,0 +9,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>背なか</keb>

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jmdict 1476060 Active (id: 2219354)
莫大 [ichi1] ； ばく大 [sK]
【 ばくだい [ichi1] 】
1. [adj-na]
▶ vast
▶ huge
▶ immense
▶ enormous
▶ colossal
2. [n]
▶ malva nut (Scaphium affine)
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2736190 莫大海【ばくだいかい】 1. malva nut (Scaphium affine)



History:
9. A 2023-01-18 13:24:59  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Aligning.
  Diff: 
@@ -26 +26 @@
-<gloss>malva nut (Sterculia lychnophora)</gloss>
+<gloss>malva nut (Scaphium affine)</gloss>
8. A 2023-01-17 06:59:39  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7. A* 2023-01-16 23:19:56  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 莫大　　 │ 625,921 │ 97.8% │
│ ばく大　 │   9,722 │  1.5% │ - sK
│ ばくだい │   4,396 │  0.7% │
╰─ーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
  Diff: 
@@ -9,0 +10 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
6. A 2018-09-21 23:11:10  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2018-09-21 16:57:06  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
gg5, daijr/s
  Comments: 
Sense 1 isn't a noun.
  Diff: 
@@ -17 +17,3 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>vast</gloss>
+<gloss>huge</gloss>
+<gloss>immense</gloss>
@@ -19 +21 @@
-<gloss>vast</gloss>
+<gloss>colossal</gloss>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)

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jmdict 1484500 Active (id: 2219455)
被選挙権 [news2,nf31]
【 ひせんきょけん [news2,nf31] 】
1. [n]
▶ eligibility for election
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1484510 被選挙資格【ひせんきょしかく】 1. eligibility for election



History:
2. A 2023-01-20 00:48:07  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2023-01-18 23:05:37  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
"suffrage" is the right to vote.
  Diff: 
@@ -17 +16,0 @@
-<gloss>suffrage</gloss>

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jmdict 1484510 Active (id: 2219621)
被選挙資格
【 ひせんきょしかく 】
1. [n]
▶ eligibility for election
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1484500 被選挙権 1. eligibility for election



History:
4. A 2023-01-21 20:57:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
OK to approve.
3. A* 2023-01-20 10:53:06  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
I've alerted Stuart to the problem. I won't approve this change until he can investigate it.
2. A* 2023-01-20 01:03:54  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
The x-ref I added disappeared (presumably after the amendment to 被選挙権 was approved). Any idea why, Jim?
  Diff: 
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1484500">被選挙権</xref>
1. A 2023-01-18 23:05:31  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
gg5
被選挙資格	535
被選挙権	        40880
  Diff: 
@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>electoral eligibility</gloss>
+<xref type="see" seq="1484500">被選挙権</xref>
+<gloss>eligibility for election</gloss>

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jmdict 1485610 Active (id: 2219335)
飛翔 [news2,nf30] ； 飛しょう [sK]
【 ひしょう [news2,nf30] 】
1. [n,vs,vi]
▶ flight
▶ flying
▶ soaring

Conjugations


History:
3. A 2023-01-18 10:30:39  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2023-01-18 04:08:13  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 飛翔　　 │ 335,563 │ 98.8% │
│ 飛しょう │   4,064 │  1.2% │ - sK
│ ひしょう │   7,688 │  N/A  │
╰─ーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
  Diff: 
@@ -10,0 +11 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
1. A 2021-11-18 01:26:44  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff: 
@@ -19,0 +20 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1514370 Active (id: 2219412)
歩行 [news1,nf10]
【 ほこう [news1,nf10] 】
1. [n,vs,vi]
▶ walking
▶ walk

Conjugations


History:
4. A 2023-01-19 12:34:24  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
gg5, prog
  Diff: 
@@ -17,0 +18 @@
+<gloss>walking</gloss>
3. A 2023-01-18 06:15:54  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
歩行者	736986	100.0%
歩こう者	0	0.0%

All I see on Google is things like
自然を歩こう
  Comments: 
I don't think this belongs here.
  Diff: 
@@ -8,4 +7,0 @@
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>歩こう</keb>
-<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2. A* 2023-01-18 04:29:10  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 歩行を　 │ 92,899 │ 99.3% │
│ 歩こうを │    634 │  0.7% │ - sK
│ ほこうを │     47 │  0.1% │
╰─ーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
  Diff: 
@@ -10,0 +11 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
1. A 2021-11-18 01:17:59  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff: 
@@ -19,0 +20 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>

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jmdict 1557640 Active (id: 2219379)
零す； 溢す； 翻す [rK] ； 棄す [sK]
【 こぼす [ichi1] 】
1. [v5s,vt] [uk]
▶ to spill
▶ to drop
▶ to shed (tears)
2. [v5s,vt] [uk]
▶ to grumble (about)
▶ to complain (of)
3. [v5s,vt] [uk]
▶ to let (one's feelings) show

Conjugations


History:
8. A 2023-01-18 21:16:44  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
gg5, prog
  Diff: 
@@ -6 +5,0 @@
-<ke_pri>ichi1</ke_pri>
@@ -35,2 +34,2 @@
-<gloss>to grumble</gloss>
-<gloss>to complain</gloss>
+<gloss>to grumble (about)</gloss>
+<gloss>to complain (of)</gloss>
@@ -42 +41 @@
-<gloss>to let one's feelings show</gloss>
+<gloss>to let (one's feelings) show</gloss>
7. A 2023-01-17 20:30:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2023-01-17 20:18:30  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
翻す(こぼす) is in daijs, shinmeikai, and nikk.

棄す and 覆す are in shinmeikai. I'd argue that 覆す isn't worth including; probably more confusing than helpful.

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 零す　　　　 │  16,475 │  9.6% │
│ 溢す　　　　 │   3,289 │  1.9% │
│ 翻す　　　　 │  37,120 │  N/A  │ - rK
│ 棄す　　　　 │      83 │  0.0% │ - adding
│ 覆す　　　　 │ 386,039 │  N/A  │
│ こぼす　　　 │ 152,370 │ 88.5% │
├─ーーーーーー─┼─────────┼───────┤
│ 涙を零し　　 │   6,967 │ 19.4% │
│ 涙を溢し　　 │     681 │  1.9% │
│ 涙を翻し　　 │       0 │  0.0% │
│ 涙を棄し　　 │       0 │  0.0% │
│ 涙を覆し　　 │       0 │  0.0% │
│ 涙をこぼし　 │  28,274 │ 78.7% │
├─ーーーーーー─┼─────────┼───────┤
│ 愚痴を零し　 │   2,112 │  4.0% │
│ 愚痴を溢し　 │     814 │  1.5% │
│ 愚痴を翻し　 │       0 │  0.0% │
│ 愚痴を棄し　 │       0 │  0.0% │
│ 愚痴を覆し　 │       0 │  0.0% │
│ 愚痴をこぼし │  49,858 │ 94.5% │
╰─ーーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
  Diff: 
@@ -12,0 +13,5 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>棄す</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
5. A 2015-06-04 09:05:00  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2015-06-02 07:37:14  luce
  Refs: 
n-grams (>2:1)
  Diff: 
@@ -20,0 +21 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
@@ -27,0 +29 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
@@ -33,0 +36 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

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jmdict 1569060 Active (id: 2219358)
燻蒸 [news2,nf47] ； くん蒸； 薫蒸； 熏蒸 [sK]
【 くんじょう [news2,nf47] 】
1. [n,vs,vt]
▶ fumigation
▶ smoking (out)

Conjugations


History:
5. A 2023-01-18 14:51:08  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -5,0 +6,2 @@
+<ke_pri>news2</ke_pri>
+<ke_pri>nf47</ke_pri>
@@ -12,2 +13,0 @@
-<ke_pri>news2</ke_pri>
-<ke_pri>nf47</ke_pri>
@@ -28 +27,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
4. A 2023-01-18 01:03:03  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2023-01-18 00:38:49  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬────────┬───────╮
│ 燻蒸　　　 │ 13,484 │ 40.9% │
│ 熏蒸　　　 │      0 │  0.0% │ - sK
│ 薫蒸　　　 │  4,487 │ 13.6% │
│ くん蒸　　 │ 12,229 │ 37.1% │ - moving up
│ くんじょう │  2,774 │  8.4% │
╰─ーーーーー─┴────────┴───────╯
  Diff: 
@@ -8 +8 @@
-<keb>熏蒸</keb>
+<keb>くん蒸</keb>
@@ -16 +16,2 @@
-<keb>くん蒸</keb>
+<keb>熏蒸</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
2. A 2022-01-22 01:33:23  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Correct POS order
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff: 
@@ -25,0 +26 @@
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
@@ -27 +27,0 @@
-<pos>&vt;</pos>
1. A 2021-11-18 00:43:17  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff: 
@@ -26,0 +27 @@
+<pos>&vt;</pos>

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jmdict 1588140 Active (id: 2284816)
打ち合わせ [ichi1] ； 打ち合せ [ichi1] ； 打合せ [ichi1] ； 打合わせ [ichi1]
【 うちあわせ [ichi1] 】
1. [n,vs,vt]
▶ (preparatory) meeting
▶ briefing session
▶ (making) advance arrangements
2. [n]
▶ overlap (of a coat, etc.)
3. [n,vs] [arch]
▶ making something match exactly

Conjugations


History:
14. A 2023-11-30 22:15:55  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
I agree.
  Diff: 
@@ -28 +28 @@
-<gloss>{preparatory) meeting</gloss>
+<gloss>(preparatory) meeting</gloss>
13. A* 2023-11-30 15:35:56  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
> ごめん。俺、行けない。大事な打ち合わせがあるから
Sorry, I can't go, I have a big meeting tomorrow.

No need to make it complicated.
  Diff: 
@@ -28,2 +28 @@
-<gloss>discussion (of something to come)</gloss>
-<gloss>preparatory meeting</gloss>
+<gloss>{preparatory) meeting</gloss>
12. A* 2023-11-30 10:08:17 
  Comments: 
I've collected my thoughts a bit better now so I'll try again.

imagine you're asking a friend for a drink, and he responds:
> ごめん。俺、行けない。大事な打ち合わせがあるから
here the word 打ち合わせ is largely synonymous with 相談

if you went with the "advance arrangements" gloss without checking properly, you might expect him to tell you tomorrow:
> Well, I went straight home, booked a hotel room and even packed my bags!
and you'd be dead wrong.

I think it's important to emphasize the discussion aspect, that there are at least two people, that there are no concrete actions involved (like booking a hotel room) but merely talk. I think adding the word "(making)" there in fact worsens the situation, makes it sound more concrete than it is.

GG5's "preliminary discussions" is rather formal and if you asked me what it means, I'd define it as "discussions that will pave the way for more discussions" which too is quite far off.

I've added a suggestion, and it is phrased awkwardly but it's the best I can do.
  Diff: 
@@ -27,0 +28 @@
+<gloss>discussion (of something to come)</gloss>
11. A 2023-11-30 00:38:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
GG5 :〔前もっての相談〕 《hold, have》 preliminary discussions; 《make》 advance arrangements; 《make》 arrangements 「beforehand [in advance].
  Comments: 
I think this works better.
  Diff: 
@@ -28 +27,0 @@
-<gloss>advance arrangements</gloss>
@@ -30,0 +30 @@
+<gloss>(making) advance arrangements</gloss>
10. A* 2023-11-29 19:23:32 
  Refs: 
daijirin
  Comments: 
is "advance arrangements" really correct here? it's a 相談 / 話し合い, i.e. discussion, meeting
not arrangements ("plans, preparations")

meeting to discuss something in advance, not the matter discussed
(show/hide 9 older log entries)

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jmdict 1599700 Active (id: 2219362)
成り行き [ichi1,news1,nf15] ； 成行き； 成行 [io] ； 成りゆき [sK] ； なり行き [sK]
【 なりゆき [ichi1,news1,nf15] 】
1. [n]
▶ course (of events)
▶ development
▶ progress
▶ outcome
▶ result
2. [n] [abbr] {finance}
▶ market order
▶ order without limit
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1764170 成り行き注文 1. market order; order without limit



History:
10. A 2023-01-18 16:49:42  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -12 +11,0 @@
-<ke_pri>ichi1</ke_pri>
9. A 2023-01-18 16:49:21  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -42,0 +43 @@
+<field>&finc;</field>
8. A 2023-01-18 01:05:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7. A* 2023-01-17 23:53:59  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 成り行き　 │ 354,621 │ 64.8% │
│ 成行き　　 │  17,102 │  3.1% │
│ 成りゆき　 │   8,625 │  1.6% │ - sK
│ なり行き　 │   3,339 │  0.6% │ - sK
│ 成行　　　 │  67,468 │ 12.3% │
│ なりゆき　 │  96,434 │ 17.6% │
├─ーーーーー─┼─────────┼───────┤
│ 成り行きで │  83,256 │ 68.3% │
│ 成行きで　 │   3,742 │  3.1% │
│ 成りゆきで │   1,830 │  1.5% │
│ なり行きで │     192 │  0.2% │
│ 成行で　　 │   7,788 │  6.4% │
│ なりゆきで │  25,041 │ 20.6% │
╰─ーーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
  Diff: 
@@ -14,0 +15,4 @@
+<keb>成行</keb>
+<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
@@ -15,0 +20 @@
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -19,4 +24 @@
-</k_ele>
-<k_ele>
-<keb>成行</keb>
-<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
6. A 2020-04-21 23:35:06  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
なり行き	3339
成りゆき	8625
  Diff: 
@@ -12,0 +13,6 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>成りゆき</keb>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>なり行き</keb>
(show/hide 5 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1604640 Active (id: 2219296)
見習い [ichi1,news2,nf33] ； 見習
【 みならい [ichi1,news2,nf33] 】
1. [n]
▶ apprenticeship
▶ probation
▶ learning by observation
2. [n]
▶ apprentice
▶ trainee
▶ probationer



History:
6. A 2023-01-18 02:11:46  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
meikyo: 記公用文では「見習」
  Diff: 
@@ -27 +26,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
5. A* 2023-01-18 02:05:55  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
見習 is in daijr

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬───────────┬───────╮
│ 見習い　 │ 1,579,093 │ 92.8% │
│ 見習　　 │   106,347 │  6.2% │
│ みならい │    16,252 │  1.0% │
╰─ーーーー─┴───────────┴───────╯
  Diff: 
@@ -12 +11,0 @@
-<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf>
4. A 2016-12-21 01:40:33  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2016-12-20 16:56:32  Mark
  Comments: 
As in 見習いのコック, 見習いのお仕事 etc.
  Diff: 
@@ -27,0 +28 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
2. A 2016-04-01 18:59:48  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 1637990 Active (id: 2219281)
ご法度； 御法度
【 ごはっと 】
1. [adj-no,n] [hon]
▶ forbidden
▶ prohibited
▶ banned
▶ taboo
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1626410 法度【はっと】 1. ban; prohibition; taboo; something forbidden



History:
4. A 2023-01-18 01:03:21  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2023-01-18 00:27:20  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
gg5, prog, luminous, daij
  Diff: 
@@ -13,0 +14 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
@@ -15 +16,4 @@
-<gloss>contraband</gloss>
+<misc>&hon;</misc>
+<gloss>forbidden</gloss>
+<gloss>prohibited</gloss>
+<gloss>banned</gloss>
@@ -17 +20,0 @@
-<gloss>strictly forbidden</gloss>
2. A 2014-02-23 10:58:17  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2014-02-23 09:15:55  Paul Upchurch <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
JWN, ngrams
  Diff: 
@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>ご法度</keb>
+</k_ele>

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jmdict 1648170 Active (id: 2219369)

チリチリ； ちりちり
1. [adj-no,adj-na,adv,adv-to,vs] [on-mim]
▶ frizzy (hair)
▶ wiry
▶ kinky
▶ curled up (leaves, etc.)
▶ shrivelled up
2. [adv,adv-to] [on-mim]
▶ sizzling
▶ frizzling
3. [adv,adv-to,vs] [on-mim]
▶ stingingly (of heat or cold)
▶ painfully
▶ piercingly
▶ bitingly
4. [adv,adv-to,vs] [on-mim]
▶ cowering (in fear)
▶ shrinking back
▶ being petrified

Conjugations


History:
4. A 2023-01-18 20:21:37  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2023-01-18 13:10:45  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
gg5, prog, daij, meikyo
  Diff: 
@@ -10,0 +11,2 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
@@ -12,2 +14 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
+<pos>&adv-to;</pos>
@@ -16,2 +17,31 @@
-<gloss>bits and pieces</gloss>
-<gloss>frizzily (as in perm)</gloss>
+<gloss>frizzy (hair)</gloss>
+<gloss>wiry</gloss>
+<gloss>kinky</gloss>
+<gloss>curled up (leaves, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>shrivelled up</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&adv;</pos>
+<pos>&adv-to;</pos>
+<misc>&on-mim;</misc>
+<gloss>sizzling</gloss>
+<gloss>frizzling</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&adv;</pos>
+<pos>&adv-to;</pos>
+<pos>&vs;</pos>
+<misc>&on-mim;</misc>
+<gloss>stingingly (of heat or cold)</gloss>
+<gloss>painfully</gloss>
+<gloss>piercingly</gloss>
+<gloss>bitingly</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&adv;</pos>
+<pos>&adv-to;</pos>
+<pos>&vs;</pos>
+<misc>&on-mim;</misc>
+<gloss>cowering (in fear)</gloss>
+<gloss>shrinking back</gloss>
+<gloss>being petrified</gloss>
2. A 2023-01-18 03:21:17  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2023-01-18 02:18:59  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーー─┬────────╮
│ チリチリ　　 │ 78,963 │
│ ちりちり　　 │ 35,763 │
│ チリチリする │  2,294 │
│ ちりちりする │  1,045 │
│ チリチリと　 │ 12,509 │
│ ちりちりと　 │  7,095 │
│ チリチリな　 │    859 │
│ ちりちりな　 │    222 │
╰─ーーーーーー─┴────────╯
  Comments: 
チリチリ seems to be about twice as common
  Diff: 
@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>チリチリ</reb>
+</r_ele>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1658650 Active (id: 2219373)
辞さない
【 じさない 】
1. [exp,adj-i]
《as ...を（も）辞さない》
▶ willing (even) to do
▶ prepared to do
▶ ready to do
▶ not mind doing
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 2011060 辞する 4. to do unwaveringly; to be prepared to do; to not mind doing
  ⇐ see: 2410410 辞す【じす】 4. to do unwaveringly; to be prepared to do; to not mind doing

Conjugations


History:
5. A 2023-01-18 20:24:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2023-01-18 19:13:17  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -14,0 +15 @@
+<s_inf>as ...を（も）辞さない</s_inf>
@@ -18 +19 @@
-<gloss>do not mind doing</gloss>
+<gloss>not mind doing</gloss>
3. A* 2023-01-18 16:47:46  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
gg5, prog
  Diff: 
@@ -14,2 +14,4 @@
-<gloss>willing to do</gloss>
-<gloss>prepared</gloss>
+<gloss>willing (even) to do</gloss>
+<gloss>prepared to do</gloss>
+<gloss>ready to do</gloss>
+<gloss>do not mind doing</gloss>
2. A 2023-01-17 20:31:43  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2023-01-17 20:23:44  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーー─┬────────╮
│ 辞さない　　 │ 63,991 │
│ 辞さなかった │  1,330 │
│ 辞さなく　　 │    269 │
╰─ーーーーーー─┴────────╯
  Diff: 
@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2011060">辞する</xref>
+<pos>&adj-i;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="2011060">辞する・4</xref>

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jmdict 1764170 Active (id: 2219457)
成り行き注文； 成行き注文； 成行注文
【 なりゆきちゅうもん 】
1. [n] {finance}
▶ market order
▶ order without limit
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 2208070 指値注文 1. limit order
  ⇐ see: 1599700 成り行き【なりゆき】 2. market order; order without limit



History:
4. A 2023-01-20 00:49:20  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2023-01-18 23:44:52  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
成り行き注文	9575	31.4%
成行き注文	1765	5.8%
成行注文	        19157	62.8%
  Comments: 
Although not in the dictionaries, 成行注文 is so common that I think we can drop io. It's the dominant form online.
  Diff: 
@@ -12 +11,0 @@
-<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf>
@@ -19 +18 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2208070">指し値注文</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="2208070">指値注文</xref>
2. A 2012-08-22 22:36:10  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2012-08-22 02:49:50  Marcus
  Refs: 
eij
成行き注文 in daijs

成行注文 actually gets the most hits (over 200k compared to 
around 100k for the two others)
  Diff: 
@@ -6,0 +6,7 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>成行き注文</keb>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>成行注文</keb>
+<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf>
@@ -13,0 +20,1 @@
+<field>&finc;</field>
@@ -14,0 +22,1 @@
+<gloss>order without limit</gloss>

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jmdict 2003670 Deleted (id: 2219368)

フィリップ
1. [n]
▶ fillip
▶ Philip



History:
2. D 2023-01-18 20:21:05  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. D* 2023-01-18 11:15:12  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
My refs only have person entries for this.

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jmdict 2007510 Active (id: 2219289)
お馴染み [spec1] ； 御馴染み； 同じみ [sK]
【 おなじみ [spec1] 】
1. [adj-no] [pol,uk]
▶ familiar
▶ well-known
▶ regular (e.g. customer)
▶ favourite
▶ favorite
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1459810 馴染み 1. familiarity; intimacy; acquaintance
2. [n] [pol,uk]
▶ old acquaintance
▶ old friend
▶ (a) regular
▶ regular customer



History:
11. A 2023-01-18 01:25:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
10. A* 2023-01-18 01:21:46 
  Diff: 
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<keb>同じみの</keb>
+<keb>同じみ</keb>
9. A 2023-01-18 01:06:31  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8. A* 2023-01-17 23:58:03  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
meikyo:「同じみ」と書くのは誤り。
同じみの	3783
  Diff: 
@@ -9,0 +10,4 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>同じみの</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
7. A 2021-11-13 04:55:10  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)

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jmdict 2011060 Active (id: 2219371)
辞する
【 じする 】
1. [vs-s,vi]
▶ to take one's leave
▶ to excuse oneself
▶ to leave
▶ to depart
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2410410 辞す【じす】 1. to take one's leave; to excuse oneself; to leave; to depart
2. [vs-s,vt]
▶ to resign (from)
▶ to step down
▶ to leave (one's position)
▶ to quit
3. [vs-s,vt]
▶ to decline
▶ to turn down
▶ to refuse
4. [vs-s,vt]
《in the negative as ...を（も）辞さない, ...を（も）辞せず, etc.》
▶ to do unwaveringly
▶ to be prepared to do
▶ to not mind doing
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1658650 辞さない 1. willing (even) to do; prepared to do; ready to do; not mind doing

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2023-01-18 20:23:01  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2023-01-18 19:10:42  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
gg5, prog, daij, meikyo
  Diff: 
@@ -11,0 +12,2 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
+<gloss>to take one's leave</gloss>
@@ -13 +15,2 @@
-<gloss>to take one's leave</gloss>
+<gloss>to leave</gloss>
+<gloss>to depart</gloss>
@@ -17 +20,4 @@
-<gloss>to resign (post)</gloss>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<gloss>to resign (from)</gloss>
+<gloss>to step down</gloss>
+<gloss>to leave (one's position)</gloss>
@@ -19 +24,0 @@
-<gloss>to retire</gloss>
@@ -22,0 +28 @@
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
@@ -24,0 +31 @@
+<gloss>to refuse</gloss>
@@ -28,2 +35,7 @@
-<s_inf>as 〜を辞せず, etc.</s_inf>
-<gloss>unhesitatingly</gloss>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1658650">辞さない</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1658650">辞さない</xref>
+<s_inf>in the negative as ...を（も）辞さない, ...を（も）辞せず, etc.</s_inf>
+<gloss>to do unwaveringly</gloss>
+<gloss>to be prepared to do</gloss>
+<gloss>to not mind doing</gloss>

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jmdict 2035560 Active (id: 2219282)
甚振る
【 いたぶる 】
1. [v5r,vt] [uk]
▶ to torment
▶ to harass
▶ to tease
2. [v5r,vt] [uk]
▶ to extort
▶ to shake down
▶ to demand money

Conjugations


History:
3. A 2023-01-18 01:04:11  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2023-01-18 00:59:49  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
[vt]: shinmeikai, meikyo, etc.

second sense is in most kokugos. some of them have it merged with the first sense.
  Diff: 
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
@@ -15,0 +17,8 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&v5r;</pos>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<gloss>to extort</gloss>
+<gloss>to shake down</gloss>
+<gloss>to demand money</gloss>
1. A 2005-03-05 00:00:00 
  Comments: 
Entry created

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jmdict 2133610 Active (id: 2219283)
不逮捕特権
【 ふたいほとっけん 】
1. [n] {law}
▶ immunity from arrest (for Diet members, foreign diplomats, etc.)
▶ parliamentary immunity
▶ legislative immunity
▶ diplomatic immunity
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2135990 逮捕許諾請求【たいほきょだくせいきゅう】 1. request to arrest a member of parliament while still in session



History:
5. A 2023-01-18 01:04:39  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2023-01-18 01:00:28  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
daijs
  Diff: 
@@ -13,2 +13 @@
-<gloss>immunity from arrest (i.e. of Diet members or foreign diplomats)</gloss>
-<gloss>diplomatic immunity</gloss>
+<gloss>immunity from arrest (for Diet members, foreign diplomats, etc.)</gloss>
@@ -16,0 +16 @@
+<gloss>diplomatic immunity</gloss>
3. A 2023-01-15 20:03:30  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2023-01-15 09:55:48 
  Diff: 
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<field>&law;</field>
1. A 2007-01-21 00:00:00 
  Comments: 
Entry created

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jmdict 2160410 Active (id: 2219299)

ワンクール； ワン・クール
1. [n] Source lang: eng(wasei) "one cours"
▶ one run of a television series
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2857251 クール 1. thirteen-week (three-month) run of a TV or radio series; cour



History:
3. A 2023-01-18 02:15:05  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -12,2 +12,2 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1043380">クール</xref>
-<xref type="see" seq="1043380">クール</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="2857251">クール</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="2857251">クール</xref>
2. A 2013-05-11 12:07:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff: 
@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ワン・クール</reb>
1. A 2007-05-06 00:00:00 
  Comments: 
Entry created

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jmdict 2160420 Active (id: 2219300)

ツークール； ツー・クール
1. [n] Source lang: eng(wasei) "two cours"
▶ two runs of a television series
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2857251 クール 1. thirteen-week (three-month) run of a TV or radio series; cour



History:
3. A 2023-01-18 02:15:30  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -12,2 +12,2 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1043380">クール</xref>
-<xref type="see" seq="1043380">クール</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="2857251">クール</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="2857251">クール</xref>
2. A 2013-05-11 09:02:16  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.Added additional dotted reading(s) via batch update.
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff: 
@@ -6,0 +6,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ツー・クール</reb>
1. A 2007-05-06 00:00:00 
  Comments: 
Entry created

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jmdict 2163950 Active (id: 2219347)
フィリップス曲線
【 フィリップスきょくせん 】
1. [n] {economics}
▶ Phillips curve



History:
2. A 2023-01-18 11:13:38  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
gg5
  Diff: 
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<field>&econ;</field>
1. A 2007-05-06 00:00:00 
  Comments: 
Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2181800 Active (id: 2219312)
然れど [rK]
【 されど 】
1. [conj] [uk]
▶ be that as it may
▶ even so
▶ though that be so
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2181790 然れども【されども】 1. nevertheless; even then; however; be that as it may; even so; though that it be so



History:
5. A 2023-01-18 03:21:46  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2023-01-18 02:35:33  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 然れど │   1,609 │  0.3% │ - rK (daijr/s, koj, etc.)
│ されど │ 470,387 │ 99.7% │
╰─ーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
  Diff: 
@@ -5,0 +6 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
3. A 2015-04-06 22:18:47  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2015-04-06 11:25:03 
  Diff: 
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
1. A 2007-08-15 00:00:00 
  Comments: 
Entry created

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jmdict 2208070 Active (id: 2219363)
指値注文； 指し値注文
【 さしねちゅうもん 】
1. [n] {finance}
▶ limit order
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1764170 成行注文 1. market order; order without limit



History:
2. A 2023-01-18 16:53:08  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
daijr
指し値注文	4493	7.3%
指値注文	        56950	92.7%
  Diff: 
@@ -3,0 +4,3 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>指値注文</keb>
+</k_ele>
@@ -12 +15,2 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1764170">成り行き注文</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1764170">成行注文</xref>
+<field>&finc;</field>
1. A 2007-10-06 00:00:00 
  Comments: 
Entry created

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2410410 Active (id: 2219378)
辞す [news1,nf11]
【 じす [news1,nf11] 】
1. [v5s,vi]
▶ to take one's leave
▶ to excuse oneself
▶ to leave
▶ to depart
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2011060 辞する 1. to take one's leave; to excuse oneself; to leave; to depart
2. [v5s,vt]
▶ to resign (from)
▶ to step down
▶ to leave (one's position)
▶ to quit
3. [v5s,vt]
▶ to decline
▶ to turn down
▶ to refuse
4. [v5s,vt]
《in the negative as ...を（も）辞さない, ...を（も）辞さず, etc.》
▶ to do unwaveringly
▶ to be prepared to do
▶ to not mind doing
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1658650 辞さない 1. willing (even) to do; prepared to do; ready to do; not mind doing

Conjugations


History:
5. A 2023-01-18 21:09:39  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Aligning.
  Diff: 
@@ -16 +16,3 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2011060">辞する</xref>
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="2011060">辞する・1</xref>
+<gloss>to take one's leave</gloss>
@@ -18 +20,2 @@
-<gloss>to take one's leave</gloss>
+<gloss>to leave</gloss>
+<gloss>to depart</gloss>
@@ -21,0 +25,4 @@
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<gloss>to resign (from)</gloss>
+<gloss>to step down</gloss>
+<gloss>to leave (one's position)</gloss>
@@ -23,3 +29,0 @@
-<gloss>to resign</gloss>
-<gloss>to retire</gloss>
-<gloss>to leave post</gloss>
@@ -28,0 +33 @@
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
@@ -30,0 +36 @@
+<gloss>to refuse</gloss>
@@ -34,2 +40,6 @@
-<s_inf>adjectivally as 〜を辞さず, etc.</s_inf>
-<gloss>to not hesitate</gloss>
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1658650">辞さない</xref>
+<s_inf>in the negative as ...を（も）辞さない, ...を（も）辞さず, etc.</s_inf>
+<gloss>to do unwaveringly</gloss>
+<gloss>to be prepared to do</gloss>
+<gloss>to not mind doing</gloss>
4. A 2018-06-15 23:17:08  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Nothing wrong with split infinitives.
  Diff: 
@@ -35 +35 @@
-<gloss>not to hesitate</gloss>
+<gloss>to not hesitate</gloss>
3. A* 2018-06-15 02:29:52  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
split infinitive, I guess
  Diff: 
@@ -35 +35 @@
-<gloss>to not hesitate</gloss>
+<gloss>not to hesitate</gloss>
2. A* 2018-06-15 02:28:00  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Should it be "to hesitate" as it's being negated to mean "unhesitatingly" in the example?
  Diff: 
@@ -34,2 +34,2 @@
-<s_inf>as 〜を辞さず, etc.</s_inf>
-<gloss>unhesitatingly</gloss>
+<s_inf>adjectivally as 〜を辞さず, etc.</s_inf>
+<gloss>to not hesitate</gloss>
1. A 2008-09-23 00:00:00 
  Comments: 
Entry created

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jmdict 2429140 Active (id: 2296188)
彼を知り己を知れば、百戦殆からず； 彼を知り己を知れば百戦殆からず [sK]
【 かれをしりおのれをしれば、ひゃくせんあやうからず 】
1. [exp] [proverb]
《from Sun Tzu's The Art of War》
▶ if you know your enemy and know yourself, in a hundred battles you will never be defeated
▶ know your enemy



History:
7. A 2024-03-27 01:10:04  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Noting that kanjipedia and jitenon have the う okurigana, but daijr/s and koj do not. Odd.

Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーーーーー─┬─────╮
│ 百戦殆からず　 │ 255 │
│ 百戦殆うからず │ 577 │
╰─ーーーーーーー─┴─────╯
6. A 2024-03-26 19:00:21  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
Kanjipedia uses a comma in this expression, but daijr/s, koj, and jitenon do not.
  Comments: 
https://github.com/JMdictProject/JMdictIssues/issues/122
Adding commas to readings to align with kanji forms.
  Diff: 
@@ -5 +5 @@
-<keb>彼を知り己を知れば百戦殆からず</keb>
+<keb>彼を知り己を知れば、百戦殆からず</keb>
@@ -8 +8,2 @@
-<keb>彼を知り己を知れば、百戦殆からず</keb>
+<keb>彼を知り己を知れば百戦殆からず</keb>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -11 +12 @@
-<reb>かれをしりおのれをしればひゃくせんあやうからず</reb>
+<reb>かれをしりおのれをしれば、ひゃくせんあやうからず</reb>
5. A 2023-01-18 11:54:48  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>彼を知り己を知れば、百戦殆からず</keb>
4. A 2018-05-21 12:52:01  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -14 +14,2 @@
-<gloss>If you know your enemy and know yourself, in a hundred battles you will never be defeated</gloss>
+<gloss>if you know your enemy and know yourself, in a hundred battles you will never be defeated</gloss>
+<gloss>know your enemy</gloss>
3. A 2014-12-09 04:34:36  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Sun_Tzu#Misattributed
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_War#Chinese
  Comments: 
that english gloss does not derive from sun tzu (and if it did, it wouldn't correspond to this quote, which is simply the basis of the maxim "know your enemy")
  Diff: 
@@ -14,2 +14 @@
-<gloss>keep your friends close but your enemies closer</gloss>
-<gloss g_type="lit">If you know your enemy and know yourself, in a hundred battles you will never be defeated</gloss>
+<gloss>If you know your enemy and know yourself, in a hundred battles you will never be defeated</gloss>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

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jmdict 2563000 Active (id: 2219374)
口を糊する
【 くちをのりする 】
1. [exp,vs-i] [id]
▶ to eke out a living
▶ to barely manage to get by
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2476240 糊する【のりする】 2. to scrape a living

Conjugations


History:
8. A 2023-01-18 20:27:15  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7. A* 2023-01-18 16:06:25 
  Refs: 
https://www.edrdg.org/jmdictdb/cgi-bin/entr.py?svc=jmdict&sid=&e=2144768
  Comments: 
糊する is vs-i, so I think 口を糊する should be vs-i as well instead of vs-s.
  Diff: 
@@ -12 +12 @@
-<pos>&vs-s;</pos>
+<pos>&vs-i;</pos>
6. A 2021-08-22 17:29:52  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -13,2 +13 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1267410">糊口</xref>
-<xref type="see" seq="2476240">糊する・2</xref>
+<misc>&id;</misc>
5. A 2010-07-31 07:50:58  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
yeah that's supposed to be vs-s.  i flubbed and put vs-i here originally
4. A* 2010-07-30 10:05:29  Paul Blay <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Well vs-s does match the 糊する entry, anyway.
  Diff: 
@@ -14,0 +14,1 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2476240">糊する・2</xref>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

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jmdict 2594080 Active (id: 2219413)
Ｊ； ｊ
【 ジェー； ジェイ 】
1. [n]
▶ J
▶ j
2. [pref]
▶ Japan
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1065560 ジャパン 1. Japan
3. [ctr]
▶ joule
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1065960 ジュール 1. joule
4. [n] {card games}
▶ jack
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1065410 ジャック 1. jack; knave
5. [ctr]
《on floor plans》
▶ tatami mat (as a measure of room size, either 1.82 sqm or 1.54 sqm)
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1356740 畳 1. tatami mat (esp. as a measure of room size, either 1.82 sqm or 1.54 sqm)
6. [n] [abbr,col]
▶ J.League
▶ Japan Professional Football League
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2857261 Ｊリーグ 1. J.League; Japan Professional Football League



History:
11. A 2023-01-19 12:34:58  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -44,0 +45 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2857261">Ｊリーグ</xref>
@@ -47 +48 @@
-<s_inf>from Ｊリーグ</s_inf>
+<gloss>J.League</gloss>
10. A 2023-01-18 01:25:34  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9. A* 2023-01-18 01:13:47  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -22 +22 @@
-<pos>&n-pref;</pos>
+<pos>&pref;</pos>
@@ -34 +34,2 @@
-<gloss>jack (playing card)</gloss>
+<field>&cards;</field>
+<gloss>jack</gloss>
@@ -38 +39,2 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1356740">畳・じょう</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1356740">畳</xref>
+<s_inf>on floor plans</s_inf>
8. A 2019-07-20 12:01:42  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7. A* 2019-07-20 08:51:15  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
日本では「ジェー」「ジェイ」と呼ぶことが多い。日本放送協会（NHK）では、Jの発音・表記として「ジェー」を優先し、「ジェイ」を発音の幅として認められるとす
る。国語辞典でも「ジェー」で項目を立てるものがほとんどである[1]。
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/J#cite_note-1
  Diff: 
@@ -11,0 +12,3 @@
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ジェイ</reb>
(show/hide 6 older log entries)

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jmdict 2731120 Active (id: 2219458)
身になる； 実になる [sK]
【 みになる 】
1. [exp,v5r]
▶ to do one good
▶ to be beneficial
▶ to be good for the body or mind
▶ to be helpful
▶ to be useful
2. [exp,v5r]
《as ...の〜》
▶ to put oneself in the place of ...
▶ to put oneself in (someone's) shoes

Conjugations


History:
9. A 2023-01-20 00:49:46  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8. A* 2023-01-19 21:57:43  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
gg5, luminous, daijs
  Comments: 
I don't think the archaic sense is needed. Daijr doesn't have it.
  Diff: 
@@ -19 +19 @@
-<gloss>to be good for the body</gloss>
+<gloss>to be good for the body or mind</gloss>
@@ -20,0 +21 @@
+<gloss>to be useful</gloss>
@@ -25,8 +26,3 @@
-<s_inf>as ~の身になる</s_inf>
-<gloss>to stand in someone else's shoes</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&exp;</pos>
-<pos>&v5r;</pos>
-<misc>&arch;</misc>
-<gloss>to care deeply for someone</gloss>
+<s_inf>as ...の〜</s_inf>
+<gloss>to put oneself in the place of ...</gloss>
+<gloss>to put oneself in (someone's) shoes</gloss>
7. A 2023-01-18 10:31:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2023-01-18 07:15:09 
  Diff: 
@@ -14,0 +15 @@
+<pos>&exp;</pos>
@@ -21,0 +23 @@
+<pos>&exp;</pos>
@@ -26,0 +29 @@
+<pos>&exp;</pos>
5. A* 2023-01-18 06:10:55  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -9 +9 @@
-<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -22 +21,0 @@
-<stagk>身になる</stagk>
@@ -23,0 +23 @@
+<s_inf>as ~の身になる</s_inf>
@@ -27 +26,0 @@
-<stagk>身になる</stagk>
(show/hide 4 older log entries)

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jmdict 2857141 Active (id: 2221477)

ちゅきちゅき
1. [exp] [sl]
▶ like it!
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1277450 好き【すき】 1. liking; being fond of; to one's liking; to one's taste; preferred; favourite



History:
7. A 2023-02-10 10:29:33  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Considering the information that Wes provided, I think this is worth keeping.
6. A* 2023-02-01 23:46:35  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
The gloss could be better but I think that might be going a bit far.
I'm not sure this is needed as an entry. Changing す to ちゅ to sound cutesy isn't limited to 好き.
5. A* 2023-01-31 16:42:54  Opencooper
  Comments: 
Maybe the glossing could better reflect that it's a cutesy, baby-speak-like term? Perhaps "me likely" "I wuv it", etc.?
4. A 2023-01-18 03:23:24  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Well-argued case.
3. D* 2023-01-18 03:03:51 
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

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jmdict 2857226 Active (id: 2220986)
零距離； ゼロ距離； ０距離
【 ゼロきょり； れいきょり (零距離, ０距離) 】
1. [n]
▶ very close range
▶ close quarters



History:
4. A 2023-02-05 10:34:43  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
零距離	8512
ゼロ距離	6111
  Comments: 
I meant to add this.
  Diff: 
@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>ゼロ距離</keb>
@@ -14,0 +18,2 @@
+<re_restr>零距離</re_restr>
+<re_restr>０距離</re_restr>
3. A 2023-02-05 10:30:05  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
We have other X距離 entries. I think this is probably OK.
2. A* 2023-01-18 02:08:58  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
I think this is a bit obvious. Not sure it's worth adding.
1. A* 2023-01-15 02:13:51  Nicolas Maia
  Refs: 
https://twitter.com/search?q=零距離
  Comments: 
零距離	8512
Saw someone use this on Instagram referring to their parrot being too close to the TV set while watching it.

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jmdict 2857227 Active (id: 2219278)
象箸玉杯
【 ぞうちょぎょくはい 】
1. [n] [yoji,rare]
▶ living a lavish lifestyle
▶ [lit] ivory chopsticks and jade cups



History:
3. A 2023-01-18 01:01:58  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -11 +11 @@
-<pos>&exp;</pos>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
2. A 2023-01-15 07:06:05  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
象箸玉杯	45
  Diff: 
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<misc>&rare;</misc>
1. A* 2023-01-15 05:09:16  Alan Cheng <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
https://idiom-encyclopedia.com/zouchogyokuhai/
https://www.weblio.jp/content/象箸
https://yoji.jitenon.jp/yojif/2694.html
象箸	70	  
象箸玉杯	45	  
  Comments: 
Couldn't find this in my usual refs. Quite obscure.

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jmdict 2857235 Deleted (id: 2219279)

レジャーハウス
1. [n]
▶ leisure house



History:
4. D 2023-01-18 01:02:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
I agree,
3. D* 2023-01-17 23:20:35  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
It does get some use as a regular noun but I don't think it's common enough to warrant inclusion.
2. A* 2023-01-16 19:27:20  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
レジャーハウス	439
  Comments: 
This seems to be a wasei term for some sort of business. It needs a proper gloss; not a transliteration.
1. A* 2023-01-16 01:52:02  Alex Lasto <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
研究社リーダーズ＋プラスＶ２; 日本語辞典（現代国語、外来語）

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jmdict 2857248 Active (id: 2219353)

クローズ
1. [n] {grammar}
▶ clause



History:
2. A 2023-01-18 13:24:25  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
daijr
  Diff: 
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<field>&gramm;</field>
1. A 2023-01-17 22:39:33  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
ルミナス
  Comments: 
Splitting 1045500 on source word.

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jmdict 2857249 Active (id: 2219600)

クローズ
1. [n]
《usu. in brand names》
▶ clothes



History:
4. A 2023-01-21 12:32:34  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
OK. I think this is sufficient.
  Diff: 
@@ -9 +9 @@
-<s_inf>usu. in brand and retailer names</s_inf>
+<s_inf>usu. in brand names</s_inf>
3. A* 2023-01-20 00:40:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
I mainly see it embedded in brand names and names of retailers. It would be handy to have it, at least to differentiate it from the other クローズ entries if encountered in the wild.
FWIW a lot of WWW クローズ hits are for "Crows".
  Diff: 
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<s_inf>usu. in brand and retailer names</s_inf>
2. A* 2023-01-18 21:36:56  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Is there are source for this? It's not in my refs.
1. A 2023-01-17 22:39:59  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Splitting 1045500 on source word.

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jmdict 2857250 Active (id: 2219295)

クール
1. [n] Source lang: ger "Kur"
▶ course (of medical treatment)



History:
1. A 2023-01-18 02:09:53  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
GG5
  Comments: 
Split from 1043380.

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jmdict 2857251 Active (id: 2219416)

クール
1. [n] Source lang: fre "cours"
▶ thirteen-week (three-month) run of a TV or radio series
▶ cour
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2160420 ツークール 1. two runs of a television series
  ⇐ see: 2160410 ワンクール 1. one run of a television series



History:
3. A 2023-01-19 16:50:57  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2023-01-18 02:13:57  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Reopen.
1. A 2023-01-18 02:13:30  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
GG5:  	[<F cours ＝course] 【放送】 〔テレビ･ラジオで, 連続番組の放送期間の区切りの単位; 通例 13 週が 1 クール〕 a 「thirteen-week [three-month] run of a 「TV [radio] series.
  Comments: 
Split from 1043380; see discussion there. I'll approve for an xref, then reopen.

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jmdict 2857252 Active (id: 2219337)
一ヶ月検診； １ヶ月検診
【 いっかげつけんしん 】
1. [n]
▶ 1-month checkup (of a baby)



History:
2. A 2023-01-18 10:32:24  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2023-01-18 03:13:38  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
一ヶ月検診	14559
google
  Comments: 
kind of obvious but I think it's potentially useful.

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jmdict 2857253 Active (id: 2219344)
書笈
【 しょきゅう 】
1. [n] [arch]
▶ wooden box for carrying books on one's back
▶ bookcase



History:
2. A 2023-01-18 10:42:40  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
All the examples/pictures are old.
  Diff: 
@@ -12 +12,2 @@
-<gloss>wooden box carried on one's back to carry books</gloss>
+<misc>&arch;</misc>
+<gloss>wooden box for carrying books on one's back</gloss>
1. A* 2023-01-18 03:43:50  Alan Cheng <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
koj, daijr/s
書笈	35

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jmdict 2857254 Active (id: 2219345)

ニーグリップ； ニー・グリップ
1. [n] Source lang: eng(wasei) "knee grip"
▶ gripping a motorcycle, etc. with one's knees



History:
3. A 2023-01-18 10:51:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ニーグリップ
  Comments: 
Odd. "knee grip" is also used in English but refers to grippy pads - AKA "tank grips".
  Diff: 
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>gripping the motorbike with one's knees (technique for stable riding)</gloss>
+<gloss>gripping a motorcycle, etc. with one's knees</gloss>
2. A* 2023-01-18 08:37:53 
  Diff: 
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>gripping a bike with one's knees</gloss>
+<gloss>gripping the motorbike with one's knees (technique for stable riding)</gloss>
1. A* 2023-01-18 05:46:23  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
ニーグリップ	22475
https://www.yamaha-motor.co.jp/mc/yamaha-motor-life/2013/04/post-423.html
下半身を固定するために、内股全体(あるいは一部)でタンクを挟み込むこと。教習所でも習うことだが、うまくバイクに乗るコツともいうべき技術で、ニーグリップをすることでバイクは安定する。また、上半身に余計な力が入らなくなるので、ハンドル操作や体重移動などもしやすくなる。
  Comments: 
Apears to be wasei.
Improvements welcome.

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jmdict 2857255 Active (id: 2219346)
緑地保全地域
【 りょくちほぜんちいき 】
1. [n]
▶ green conservation area
▶ urban conservation space



History:
2. A 2023-01-18 10:55:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
A bit literal.
  Diff: 
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<gloss>urban conservation space</gloss>
1. A* 2023-01-18 07:40:41  Nicolas Maia
  Refs: 
https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/緑地保全地区
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/緑地保全地域
  Comments: 
緑地保全地域	2757

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jmdict 2857256 Active (id: 2219343)
陸上輸送
【 りくじょうゆそう 】
1. [n]
▶ overland transport
▶ land carriage



History:
2. A 2023-01-18 10:35:46  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
GG5, etc.
1. A* 2023-01-18 08:02:18  Nicolas Maia
  Refs: 
https://kotobank.jp/word/陸上輸送-1742374
https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/陸上輸送
  Comments: 
陸上輸送	13341
Cf. 海上輸送

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jmdict 2857257 Active (id: 2219342)
森林伐採
【 しんりんばっさい 】
1. [n]
▶ deforestation



History:
2. A 2023-01-18 10:34:26  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
中辞典, ルミナス
1. A* 2023-01-18 08:06:22  Nicolas Maia
  Refs: 
https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/森林伐採
  Comments: 
森林伐採	42459
Cf. 森林破壊

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jmdict 2857258 Active (id: 2219376)
防衛運転
【 ぼうえいうんてん 】
1. [n]
▶ defensive driving



History:
2. A 2023-01-18 20:29:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2023-01-18 11:43:20  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
防衛的運転	22	1.0% ← saw this in book
防衛運転　　	2132	99.0%

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jmdict 2857259 Active (id: 2219634)
防衛的
【 ぼうえいてき 】
1. [adj-na]
▶ defensive



History:
4. A 2023-01-21 21:10:03  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2023-01-21 17:24:33 
  Diff: 
@@ -8 +8 @@
-<reb>ぼうえてき</reb>
+<reb>ぼうえいてき</reb>
2. A 2023-01-18 20:22:36  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2023-01-18 11:44:34  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
防衛的運転	22 ← saw this in book
防衛的	18477

ej

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jmdict 2857260 Active (id: 2219367)

ズー
1. [n]
▶ zoo
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1451490 動物園 1. zoo; zoological gardens



History:
2. A 2023-01-18 20:19:27  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2023-01-18 14:04:31  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
daijr/s

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jmdict 2857261 Active (id: 2219377)
Ｊリーグ
【 ジェーリーグ 】
1. [n]
▶ J.League
▶ Japan Professional Football League
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2594080 Ｊ【ジェー】 6. J.League; Japan Professional Football League



History:
5. A 2023-01-18 21:05:44  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>Japan Professional Football League (abbr)</gloss>
+<gloss>Japan Professional Football League</gloss>
4. A 2023-01-18 20:28:10  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff: 
@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
-<ent_corp type="jmnedict">jmnedict</ent_corp>
-<ent_seq>5741843</ent_seq>
+<ent_corp type="jmdict">jmdict</ent_corp>
@@ -11 +10 @@
-<misc>&organization;</misc>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
3. A* 2023-01-18 01:44:24  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.League
  Comments: 
I think this should be in jmdict. It's extremely common. I see/hear it regularly despite not following Japanese football.
  Diff: 
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<gloss>J.League</gloss>
2. A 2019-03-02 22:27:38  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
日本プロサッカーリーグ is in enamdict.
  Diff: 
@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
-<ent_seq>2838472</ent_seq>
-<ent_corp>jmdict</ent_corp>
+<ent_corp>jmnedict</ent_corp>
@@ -11,4 +10,2 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<xref type="see">日本プロサッカーリーグ</xref>
-<misc>&abbr;</misc>
-<gloss>Japan Professional Football League</gloss>
+<misc>&organization;</misc>
+<gloss>Japan Professional Football League (abbr)</gloss>
1. A* 2019-03-02 08:42:39  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
nikk daij

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jmdict 2857262 Active (id: 2219602)
冪等性
【 べきとうせい 】
1. [n] {mathematics,computing}
▶ idempotence



History:
3. A 2023-01-21 12:38:43  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
It gets quite a few web hits, mostly computing-related. I think it's OK. Could be helpful for reverse lookups.
2. A* 2023-01-20 00:56:08  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
冪等性	26
  Comments: 
With 冪等 now an entry and this being a simple 冪等+性, I don't think it's needed.
1. A* 2023-01-18 22:57:38  Nicolas Maia
  Refs: 
wiki
https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/冪等性
https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=冪等性

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jmdict 2857263 Active (id: 2219459)
冪等
【 べきとう 】
1. [adj-no] {mathematics,computing}
▶ idempotent



History:
2. A 2023-01-20 00:54:02  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
理化学英和辞典, etc.
冪等	793
1. A* 2023-01-18 22:58:56  Nicolas Maia
  Refs: 
wiki
https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/冪等
https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=冪等

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jmdict 2857264 Active (id: 2219506)
純粋関数
【 じゅんすいかんすう 】
1. [n] {computing}
▶ pure function



History:
2. A 2023-01-20 10:46:01  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
純粋関数	1154
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pure_function
1. A* 2023-01-18 23:05:52  Nicolas Maia
  Refs: 
https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=純粋関数
https://qiita.com/oedkty/items/f5fb807390a87359da0f

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jmdict 2857265 Active (id: 2219670)
命令型プログラミング
【 めいれいがたプログラミング 】
1. [n] {computing}
▶ imperative programming
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2348110 関数型プログラミング 1. functional programming; FP



History:
2. A 2023-01-22 04:53:01  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs: 
関数型プログラミング	4583
命令型プログラミング	244
  Comments: 
I guess it's not that obvious and the contrast with 関数型プログラミング is important.
  Diff: 
@@ -11,0 +12 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2348110">関数型プログラミング</xref>
1. A* 2023-01-18 23:11:02  Nicolas Maia
  Refs: 
wiki
https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/命令型プログラミング
https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=命令型プログラミング
  Comments: 
Cf. 関数型プログラミング

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jmnedict 5745883 Active (id: 2219341)
志奈
【 しいな 】
1. [fem]
▶ Shīna



History:
2. A 2023-01-18 10:33:20  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2023-01-18 07:24:09  Nicolas Maia
  Refs: 
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/露木志奈

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jmnedict 5745884 Active (id: 2230776)
気候変動枠組条約締約国会議
【 きこうへんどうわくぐみじょうやくていやくこくかいぎ [spec1] 】
1. [ev]
▶ United Nations Climate Change Conference
▶ Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
▶ COP



History:
3. A 2023-05-06 01:13:07  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments: 
Adding spec1
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff: 
@@ -8,0 +9 @@
+<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
2. A 2023-01-18 10:33:03  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2023-01-18 07:32:12  Nicolas Maia
  Refs: 
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:気候変動枠組条約締約国会議

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jmnedict 5745885 Active (id: 2219338)

ジョズエー
1. [male]
▶ Josué



History:
2. A 2023-01-18 10:32:42  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2023-01-18 08:28:29  Nicolas Maia
  Refs: 
https://www.brasilnippou.com/2023/230118-13brasil.html

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JMdictDB is an open-source Postgresql database and Python API for managing Japanese dictionary data developed by Stuart McGraw. More information at http://edrdg.org/~smg/. Please report software problems at https://gitlab.com/yamagoya/jmdictdb/issues or email to jmdictdb@mtneva.com.