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jmdict 1186550 Active (id: 2160575)
下略
げりゃくかりゃく
1. [n,vs,vi]
▶ remaining text omitted (in quotation)

Conjugations


History:
4. A 2021-11-18 00:45:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -15,0 +16 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
3. A 2011-09-15 04:28:16  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
i think so
2. A* 2011-09-15 00:48:04  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijr, GG5
  Comments:
Better?
  Diff:
@@ -16,1 +16,1 @@
-<gloss>the rest omitted (in quotes)</gloss>
+<gloss>remaining text omitted (in quotation)</gloss>
1. A* 2011-09-14 07:17:18  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
koj, daij, gg5
  Comments:
questionable gloss
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +10,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>かりゃく</reb>
+</r_ele>

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jmdict 1210290 Active (id: 1076486)
冠省
かんしょうかんせい [ik]
1. [n]
《formal salutation for a brief letter》
▶ Forgive me for dispensing with the preliminaries, but I hasten to inform you that...



History:
4. A 2011-09-15 00:51:35  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2011-09-14 07:20:56  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
copied from 前略  (this is a more formal version).  also refers to the act of omitting preliminaries, should that be indicated in another gloss/sense
  Diff:
@@ -16,1 +16,2 @@
-<gloss>letter salutation</gloss>
+<s_inf>formal salutation for a brief letter</s_inf>
+<gloss>Forgive me for dispensing with the preliminaries, but I hasten to inform you that...</gloss>
2. A 2010-08-09 10:00:05  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2010-08-08 05:48:06  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
koj, meikyo:
「かんせい」は誤読。
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +10,4 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>かんせい</reb>
+<re_inf>&ik;</re_inf>
+</r_ele>

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jmdict 1242070 Active (id: 1076515)
謹啓
きんけい
1. [int,n] [hon]
《letters that open with this usu. end with 敬白, 謹言, or 敬具》
▶ Dear Sir or Madam
▶ Dear Sirs
▶ Gentlemen
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2163180 粛啓【しゅくけい】 1. Dear (name)
  ⇐ see: 1830840 敬白【けいはく】 1. yours sincerely; sincerely yours; yours truly



History:
2. A 2011-09-15 03:37:38  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 06:19:08  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
koj, daij, meikyo, gg5
  Comments:
note that is perhaps useful or perhaps not but some of our entries already appear to have notes like this.
some reduction of sexist language.
questionable int?
  Diff:
@@ -13,1 +13,4 @@
-<gloss>Dear Sirs (opening for a letter)</gloss>
+<misc>&hon;</misc>
+<s_inf>letters that open with this usu. end with 敬白, 謹言, or 敬具</s_inf>
+<gloss>Dear Sir or Madam</gloss>
+<gloss>Dear Sirs</gloss>

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jmdict 1242080 Active (id: 1076517)
謹言
きんげん
1. [int,n] [hon]
▶ Yours Sincerely ...



History:
2. A 2011-09-15 03:38:08  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 06:32:03  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
koj, daij
  Comments:
questionable int?
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +13,1 @@
+<misc>&hon;</misc>

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jmdict 1242120 Active (id: 2160298)
謹呈
きんてい
1. [n,vs,vt]
《when giving a gift, esp. if one's own work》
▶ humbly presenting
▶ respectfully presenting

Conjugations


History:
9. A 2021-11-18 00:42:59  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
8. A 2020-07-01 08:06:22  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7. A* 2020-07-01 07:47:37  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<s_inf>when giving a gift, esp. if self-made</s_inf>
+<s_inf>when giving a gift, esp. if one's own work</s_inf>
6. A* 2020-07-01 07:30:18  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
shinmeikai
【謹呈】
-する (他サ)
〔自分の作った(関係した)物を〕
どうか お納めくださいと、差し上げること。


gg5 example
謹呈. 〔書籍に署名して〕 With the compliments of the author [publisher].
  Comments:
probably unneeded and could be replaced with a note like shinmeikai's
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<s_inf>when giving a gift, esp. if self-made</s_inf>
@@ -16,5 +16,0 @@
-<sense>
-<pos>&exp;</pos>
-<s_inf>when giving a book, etc.</s_inf>
-<gloss>with the author's compliments</gloss>
-</sense>
5. A* 2020-07-01 05:57:41  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
daij nikk only have one sense. do we really need sense 2?
(show/hide 4 older log entries)

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jmdict 1293370 Active (id: 2221671)
再拝
さいはい
1. [n,vs,vi]
▶ bowing twice
▶ worshipping again
2. [n] [hon]
《used at the end of a letter》
▶ yours sincerely
▶ sincerely yours
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1250740 敬具 1. yours sincerely; sincerely yours; yours truly

Conjugations


History:
6. A 2023-02-11 19:51:39  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2023-02-11 14:41:38  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
"yours truly" is quite informal.
See comments on 1250740 regarding PoS.
  Diff:
@@ -18 +18 @@
-<pos>&exp;</pos>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -21 +21 @@
-<s_inf>epistolary closing formula</s_inf>
+<s_inf>used at the end of a letter</s_inf>
@@ -23 +22,0 @@
-<gloss>yours truly</gloss>
4. A 2021-12-08 10:48:42  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
@@ -21,3 +22,3 @@
-<gloss>Yours sincerely</gloss>
-<gloss>Yours truly</gloss>
-<gloss>Sincerely yours</gloss>
+<gloss>yours sincerely</gloss>
+<gloss>yours truly</gloss>
+<gloss>sincerely yours</gloss>
3. A 2018-04-25 08:50:45  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -17 +17 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&exp;</pos>
2. A 2011-09-15 00:48:59  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 1326630 Active (id: 2307499)
取り急ぎとり急ぎ [sK] 取急ぎ [sK]
とりいそぎ
1. [adv]
《used mainly in letters or email》
▶ in haste
▶ for now



History:
12. A 2024-07-31 04:35:34  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I think the "mainly" is valid, and it gives some context.
11. A* 2024-07-31 00:59:03  Nicolas Maia
  Comments:
Also used often in business Japanese. Is the note still necessary in light of this?
10. A 2024-04-06 20:46:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
9. A* 2024-04-06 09:08:57 
  Diff:
@@ -20 +20 @@
-<s_inf>used mainly in letters</s_inf>
+<s_inf>used mainly in letters or email</s_inf>
8. A 2024-04-06 01:03:21  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 7 older log entries)

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jmdict 1393990 Rejected (id: 2082374)
前文 [news1,nf14]
ぜんぶん [news1,nf14]
1. [n]
▶ the above sentence
▶ the foregoing remark
2. [n]
▶ preamble (to a statute, constitution, etc.)
3. [n]
▶ opening part of a letter

History:
6. R 2020-09-26 06:37:54  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
This edit had no case or reference. Without  a reason, I don't consider I should approve a change. Resubmit giving reasons and references.
5. A* 2020-09-21 04:08:08 
  Diff:
@@ -25 +25 @@
-<gloss>first part of a letter used for season's greetings, asking after someone's health, etc.</gloss>
+<gloss>opening part of a letter</gloss>
4. A 2020-09-21 00:18:59  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -21 +21 @@
-<gloss>preamble (to a statue, constitution, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>preamble (to a statute, constitution, etc.)</gloss>
3. A* 2020-09-20 23:45:29  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daij, gg5, prog, wisdom
  Comments:
Added sense.
  Diff:
@@ -16 +16,2 @@
-<gloss>preamble</gloss>
+<gloss>the above sentence</gloss>
+<gloss>the foregoing remark</gloss>
@@ -20 +21,5 @@
-<gloss>the above statement</gloss>
+<gloss>preamble (to a statue, constitution, etc.)</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>first part of a letter used for season's greetings, asking after someone's health, etc.</gloss>
2. A 2011-09-15 00:51:57  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 1393990 Active (id: 2082581)
前文 [news1,nf14]
ぜんぶん [news1,nf14]
1. [n]
▶ the above sentence
▶ the foregoing remark
2. [n]
▶ preamble (to a statute, constitution, etc.)
3. [n]
▶ opening part of a letter (used for season's greetings, asking after someone's health, etc.)



History:
7. A 2020-09-28 22:52:44  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I'm not sure how important that contextual information is but it's included in all the kokugos. It is quite a long gloss but I don't think it's overly wordy.
  Diff:
@@ -25 +25 @@
-<gloss>first part of a letter used for season's greetings, asking after someone's health, etc.</gloss>
+<gloss>opening part of a letter (used for season's greetings, asking after someone's health, etc.)</gloss>
6. A* 2020-09-28 01:28:26  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
My issue is that the edit removed the contextual information about the sense that I'm sure Robin intended to include. I didn't think it was overly wordy. If you disagree with that information, that's fine, but I think we need a case to be made that it's not correct or appropriate, and not just an excision.
5. A* 2020-09-26 10:29:13 
  Comments:
In regards to the rejected suggestion,
"-<gloss>first part of a letter used for season's greetings, asking after someone's health, etc.</gloss>
+<gloss>opening part of a letter</gloss>"
to which Jim responded:
"This edit had no case or reference. Without  a reason, I don't consider I should approve a change. Resubmit giving reasons and 
references."
Apologies, but doesn't many edits  really speak for themselves? I tried to simplify an overly wordy gloss. If you think the 
original gloss was better, by all means reject the suggestion.
4. A 2020-09-21 00:18:59  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -21 +21 @@
-<gloss>preamble (to a statue, constitution, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>preamble (to a statute, constitution, etc.)</gloss>
3. A* 2020-09-20 23:45:29  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daij, gg5, prog, wisdom
  Comments:
Added sense.
  Diff:
@@ -16 +16,2 @@
-<gloss>preamble</gloss>
+<gloss>the above sentence</gloss>
+<gloss>the foregoing remark</gloss>
@@ -20 +21,5 @@
-<gloss>the above statement</gloss>
+<gloss>preamble (to a statue, constitution, etc.)</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>first part of a letter used for season's greetings, asking after someone's health, etc.</gloss>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

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jmdict 1394180 Rejected (id: 1964003)
前略 [ichi1]
ぜんりゃく [ichi1]
1. [n]
《opening formula of a brief letter》
▶ Forgive me for dispensing with the preliminaries, but I hasten to inform you that...
2. [adj-no]
《opening formula of a letter》
▶ dearest
3. [n,vs]
▶ omitting the beginning

Conjugations

History:
5. R 2017-11-20 03:37:00  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
been about three weeks.  i think no refs are forthcoming
4. A* 2017-10-31 11:23:44  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
That looks like another version of sense 1. Any references? If none are available, I'll drop this addition.
3. A* 2017-10-29 17:25:16 
  Diff:
@@ -17,0 +18,5 @@
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<s_inf>opening formula of a letter</s_inf>
+<gloss>dearest</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
2. A 2011-09-15 00:52:24  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 07:14:29  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
koj, daij, gg5, prog
  Comments:
combination of glosses from gg5 and prog.  nc helpfully offers ~no~ translation and says only that 英文手紙ではすぐ用件に入るのが普通なので, 「前略」にあたる正確な英語はない
  Diff:
@@ -14,2 +14,7 @@
-<gloss>first part omitted</gloss>
-<gloss>salutation of brief letter</gloss>
+<s_inf>opening formula of a brief letter</s_inf>
+<gloss>Forgive me for dispensing with the preliminaries, but I hasten to inform you that...</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&vs;</pos>
+<gloss>omitting the beginning</gloss>

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jmdict 1394180 Rejected (id: 2087488)
前略 [ichi1]
ぜんりゃく [ichi1]
1. [exp]
《letters beginning with this typically end with 草々》
▶ dispensing with the preliminaries ...
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1596410 草々 2. simple; brief; quick
2. [n,vs]
《when quoting something》
▶ omitting the previous part

Conjugations

History:
10. R 2020-11-09 11:12:10  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Fork
9. A* 2020-11-09 09:21:01 
  Comments:
I don't think this id an improvement
8. A* 2020-11-09 08:36:38  Jim Rose <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Learn Japanese New College Text Volume II ©1984 John Young and Kimiko Nakajima-Okano, Chapter 14, Note 14.4.1, page 286.
  Comments:
Bringing the correspondence pairs in line with each other.
  Diff:
@@ -14 +14,2 @@
-<s_inf>at the beginning of a brief letter</s_inf>
+<xref type="see" seq="1596410">草々・2</xref>
+<s_inf>letters beginning with this typically end with 草々</s_inf>
7. A 2020-10-29 02:23:37  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2020-10-29 01:38:25  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, daijr
  Diff:
@@ -14,2 +14,2 @@
-<s_inf>opening formula of a brief letter</s_inf>
-<gloss>skipping the pleasantries...</gloss>
+<s_inf>at the beginning of a brief letter</s_inf>
+<gloss>dispensing with the preliminaries ...</gloss>
@@ -20 +20,2 @@
-<gloss>omitting the beginning</gloss>
+<s_inf>when quoting something</s_inf>
+<gloss>omitting the previous part</gloss>
(show/hide 5 older log entries)

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jmdict 1394180 Rejected (id: 2087489)
前略 [ichi1]
ぜんりゃく [ichi1]
1. [exp]
《brief letters beginning with this typically end with 草々》
▶ dispensing with the preliminaries ...
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1596410 草々 2. simple; brief; quick
2. [n,vs]
《when quoting something》
▶ omitting the previous part

Conjugations

History:
10. R 2020-11-09 11:14:11  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Fork - sorry, I edited an earlier version.
9. A* 2020-11-09 08:40:05  Jim Rose <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -15 +15 @@
-<s_inf>letters beginning with this typically end with 草々</s_inf>
+<s_inf>brief letters beginning with this typically end with 草々</s_inf>
8. A* 2020-11-09 08:36:38  Jim Rose <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Learn Japanese New College Text Volume II ©1984 John Young and Kimiko Nakajima-Okano, Chapter 14, Note 14.4.1, page 286.
  Comments:
Bringing the correspondence pairs in line with each other.
  Diff:
@@ -14 +14,2 @@
-<s_inf>at the beginning of a brief letter</s_inf>
+<xref type="see" seq="1596410">草々・2</xref>
+<s_inf>letters beginning with this typically end with 草々</s_inf>
7. A 2020-10-29 02:23:37  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
6. A* 2020-10-29 01:38:25  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, daijr
  Diff:
@@ -14,2 +14,2 @@
-<s_inf>opening formula of a brief letter</s_inf>
-<gloss>skipping the pleasantries...</gloss>
+<s_inf>at the beginning of a brief letter</s_inf>
+<gloss>dispensing with the preliminaries ...</gloss>
@@ -20 +20,2 @@
-<gloss>omitting the beginning</gloss>
+<s_inf>when quoting something</s_inf>
+<gloss>omitting the previous part</gloss>
(show/hide 5 older log entries)

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jmdict 1394180 Active (id: 2156531)
前略 [ichi1]
ぜんりゃく [ichi1]
1. [exp]
《at the beginning of a brief letter》
▶ dispensing with the preliminaries ...
2. [n,vs,vi]
《when quoting something》
▶ omitting the previous part

Conjugations


History:
12. A 2021-11-07 00:57:07  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
meikyo
  Diff:
@@ -19,0 +20 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
11. A 2020-11-20 06:04:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Noted, but I don't think it added materially to this entry, whereas the notes in the 拝啓 and 敬具 entries did.
10. A* 2020-11-09 21:18:46  Jim Rose <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I was trying to bring this pair (戦略、早々) in line with the other correspondence pair (拝啓、敬具) which are currently and I think beneficially linked.
So if it’s not an improvement for the brief letter, why is it an improvement that adds value for the formal letter?
As in the case of 拝啓 & 敬具, 前略 & 早々 are always paired in an appropriately but quickly written letter.
9. A* 2020-11-09 11:00:15  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I prefered it as it was before, which I think was more appropriate as a dictionary entry.
  Diff:
@@ -14,3 +14 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1596410">草々・2</xref>
-<xref type="see" seq="1596410">草々・2</xref>
-<s_inf>letters beginning with this typically end with 草々</s_inf>
+<s_inf>at the beginning of a brief letter</s_inf>
8. A* 2020-11-09 08:36:38  Jim Rose <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Learn Japanese New College Text Volume II ©1984 John Young and Kimiko Nakajima-Okano, Chapter 14, Note 14.4.1, page 286.
  Comments:
Bringing the correspondence pairs in line with each other.
  Diff:
@@ -14 +14,2 @@
-<s_inf>at the beginning of a brief letter</s_inf>
+<xref type="see" seq="1596410">草々・2</xref>
+<s_inf>letters beginning with this typically end with 草々</s_inf>
(show/hide 7 older log entries)

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jmdict 1416620 Active (id: 2174542)
脱帽 [news2,nf41]
だつぼう [news2,nf41]
1. [n,vs,vi]
▶ removing one's hat
2. [n,vs,vi]
▶ admiring (someone) greatly
▶ taking one's hat off to

Conjugations


History:
4. A 2022-01-17 01:11:03  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -24,2 +24,2 @@
-<gloss>admiring someone greatly</gloss>
-<gloss>taking off one's hat to someone</gloss>
+<gloss>admiring (someone) greatly</gloss>
+<gloss>taking one's hat off to</gloss>
3. A 2022-01-15 08:50:09  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
mk
  Diff:
@@ -16,0 +17 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
@@ -21,0 +23 @@
+<pos>&vi;</pos>
@@ -23 +25 @@
-<gloss>"taking off one's hat" to someone</gloss>
+<gloss>taking off one's hat to someone</gloss>
2. A 2011-09-15 01:53:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijr, GG5, 新和英中辞典, ルミナス, etc.
  Diff:
@@ -19,0 +19,6 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&vs;</pos>
+<gloss>admiring someone greatly</gloss>
+<gloss>"taking off one's hat" to someone</gloss>
+</sense>
1. A* 2011-09-14 21:21:58  Winnie <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I think a clearer meaning or two would be helpful here.  i understand how it could be translated as "removing one's hat" -- although I've certainly seen that conveyed much more frequently as "taking one's hat off to (someone/something)".  "removing one's hat" sounds too literal to me, and could be confusing to someone who doesn't know the phrase.

But in the spirit of the example sentence, a helpful additional meaning (particularly for those not familiar with the phrase "to take one's hat off to") might be something like "expressing admiration/respect for".

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jmdict 1432540 Active (id: 2215091)
追伸 [ichi1] 追申 [rK]
ついしん [ichi1]
1. [n]
▶ postscript
▶ post scriptum
▶ PS
▶ P.S.
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2659680 追啓【ついけい】 1. postscript; P.S.; PS



History:
6. A 2022-12-06 03:17:52  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5. A* 2022-12-06 02:42:03  Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーーーー─┬─────────┬───────╮
│ 追伸   │ 593,924 │ 99.5% │
│ 追申   │   2,881 │  0.5% │ 🡠 rK (daijr/s, koj, meikyo)
│ ついしん │   2,857 │  N/A  │
╰─ーーーー─┴─────────┴───────╯
  Diff:
@@ -9,0 +10 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
4. A 2017-02-13 08:03:38  Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -18 +18 @@
-<gloss>post scriptum P.S.</gloss>
+<gloss>post scriptum</gloss>
@@ -19,0 +20 @@
+<gloss>P.S.</gloss>
3. A* 2017-02-13 07:52:22 
  Diff:
@@ -18 +18 @@
-<gloss>P.S.</gloss>
+<gloss>post scriptum P.S.</gloss>
2. A 2011-09-15 03:34:15  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1438470 Active (id: 1076542)
天下 [ichi1,news1,nf12]
てんか [ichi1,news1,nf12] てんがてんげ
1. [n]
▶ the whole world
2. [n]
▶ the whole country
3. [n]
▶ society
▶ the public
4. [n]
▶ supremacy over a nation
▶ government of a country
▶ the ruling power
5. [n]
▶ having one's own way
▶ doing as one pleases
6. [adj-no]
▶ peerless
▶ incomparable
▶ superlative
▶ world-famous
7. [n] [arch]
▶ shogun (Edo period)



History:
3. A 2011-09-15 04:44:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2011-09-15 04:35:53  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -44,0 +44,1 @@
+<gloss>doing as one pleases</gloss>
@@ -46,3 +47,4 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<gloss>being peerless</gloss>
-<gloss>having no equal</gloss>
+<pos>&adj-no;</pos>
+<gloss>peerless</gloss>
+<gloss>incomparable</gloss>
+<gloss>superlative</gloss>
@@ -53,0 +55,1 @@
+<misc>&arch;</misc>
1. A* 2011-09-14 07:09:51  Paul Upchurch
  Refs:
daijr daijs
http://dic.yahoo.co.jp/dsearch?enc=UTF-8&p=天下&dtype=3&dname=2na&stype=0&pagenum=1&index=02943400
  Comments:
Not sure on daijr 4 and daijr/daijs 8, so I left them out.
Sense 6 is apparently always used in the construction "天下の"; I'm not sure if that should be adj-no, or just have a note, or what.
  Diff:
@@ -16,0 +16,6 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>てんが</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>てんげ</reb>
+</r_ele>
@@ -18,4 +24,9 @@
-<gloss>the world</gloss>
-<gloss>whole country</gloss>
-<gloss>descent from heaven</gloss>
-<gloss>having one's own way</gloss>
+<gloss>the whole world</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>the whole country</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>society</gloss>
@@ -23,0 +34,5 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>supremacy over a nation</gloss>
+<gloss>government of a country</gloss>
@@ -25,0 +41,14 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>having one's own way</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>being peerless</gloss>
+<gloss>having no equal</gloss>
+<gloss>world-famous</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>shogun (Edo period)</gloss>
+</sense>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1472260 Active (id: 2052732)
拝啓 [ichi1,news2,nf41]
はいけい [ichi1,news2,nf41]
1. [n]
《letters beginning with this typically end with 敬具》
▶ Dear (so and so)
▶ Dear Sir
▶ Dear Madam
▶ To Whom It May Concern
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1250740 敬具 1. yours sincerely; sincerely yours; yours truly



History:
5. A 2019-11-28 22:58:29  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -17,0 +18 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1250740">敬具</xref>
4. A 2011-09-14 03:30:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
I won't argue with the kokugos, but it seems an odd noun.
  Diff:
@@ -18,1 +18,1 @@
-<s_inf>letters beginning with typically end with 敬具</s_inf>
+<s_inf>letters beginning with this typically end with 敬具</s_inf>
3. A* 2011-09-14 01:59:55  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
does it qualify as [int]?  i think it's just a noun like "greetings (and salutations)".  certainly no kokugo calls it 感, they all call it 名.
  Diff:
@@ -17,1 +17,0 @@
-<pos>&int;</pos>
2. A 2011-05-30 11:13:30  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5
  Diff:
@@ -20,0 +20,1 @@
+<s_inf>letters beginning with typically end with 敬具</s_inf>
@@ -21,0 +22,3 @@
+<gloss>Dear Sir</gloss>
+<gloss>Dear Madam</gloss>
+<gloss>To Whom It May Concern</gloss>
1. A* 2011-05-30 11:06:39  Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Link to matching closing
  Diff:
@@ -19,0 +19,1 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1250740">敬具</xref>

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jmdict 1491260 Active (id: 1970343)
不一不乙
ふいつふいち
1. [exp]
▶ Very sincerely yours
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1494440 不二【ふじ】 2. Very sincerely yours
2. [adj-na,n] [arch]
▶ different



History:
3. A 2018-02-04 17:57:48  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -17 +17 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&exp;</pos>
2. A 2011-09-14 13:17:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 06:52:51  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
koj, daij, nikk
  Comments:
merge
  Diff:
@@ -7,0 +7,3 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>不乙</keb>
+</k_ele>
@@ -10,0 +13,7 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ふいち</reb>
+</r_ele>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>Very sincerely yours</gloss>
+</sense>
@@ -13,1 +23,2 @@
-<gloss>Very sincerely yours</gloss>
+<misc>&arch;</misc>
+<gloss>different</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1491320 Deleted (id: 1076473)
不乙
ふいつ
1. [adj-na,n]
▶ Very Sincerely Yours



History:
2. D 2011-09-14 13:17:07  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. D* 2011-09-14 06:52:01  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
merge

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1493230 Active (id: 1103785)
不尽
ふじん
1. [exp]
▶ I'll write again soon (closure for a letter, etc.)
▶ more anon
▶ sincerely yours
▶ yours truly
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1493570 不宣【ふせん】 1. I'll write again soon; more anon; sincerely yours; yours truly



History:
4. A 2012-06-30 22:00:39  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2012-06-29 01:21:48  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijr, GG5
  Diff:
@@ -11,2 +11,8 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<gloss>Very sincerely yours</gloss>
+<pos>&exp;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1493570">不宣・ふせん</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1493570">不宣・ふせん</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1493570">不宣・ふせん</xref>
+<gloss>I'll write again soon (closure for a letter, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>more anon</gloss>
+<gloss>sincerely yours</gloss>
+<gloss>yours truly</gloss>
2. A 2011-09-15 00:48:25  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 07:28:00  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
in gg5 and meikyo, so probably not arch
  Diff:
@@ -12,1 +12,0 @@
-<misc>&arch;</misc>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1596410 Active (id: 2088331)
草々草草
そうそう
1. [n,adj-na]
▶ hurry
▶ rush
▶ flurry
2. [adj-na,n]
▶ simple
▶ brief
▶ quick
3. [adj-na,n]
▶ rough
▶ crude
▶ careless
▶ inadequate
4. [exp]
《letters ending with this start with 前略, 冠省, etc.》
▶ yours sincerely
▶ yours in haste
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 2435210 匆々 2. yours sincerely; yours in haste



History:
5. A 2020-11-19 05:23:00  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Not convinced about a merge with 匆々. No evidence it's used with senses 2 and 3, and may need a lot of restrictions.
4. A* 2020-11-09 19:12:50  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, meikyo, daij
  Comments:
I think 草々 and 匆々 should be merged, as in meikyo and shinmeikai. GG5 has a single 匆々 entry with a "'草々'とも" note on the "yours in haste" sense.
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +14 @@
+<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -15,4 +15,0 @@
-<pos>&int;</pos>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<gloss>brevity</gloss>
-<gloss>rudeness</gloss>
@@ -19,0 +17,2 @@
+<gloss>rush</gloss>
+<gloss>flurry</gloss>
@@ -23 +21,0 @@
-<pos>&int;</pos>
@@ -24,0 +23,14 @@
+<gloss>simple</gloss>
+<gloss>brief</gloss>
+<gloss>quick</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>rough</gloss>
+<gloss>crude</gloss>
+<gloss>careless</gloss>
+<gloss>inadequate</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&exp;</pos>
@@ -27,2 +39,2 @@
-<gloss>Yours Sincerely</gloss>
-<gloss>Yours in haste</gloss>
+<gloss>yours sincerely</gloss>
+<gloss>yours in haste</gloss>
3. A 2020-11-09 11:08:51  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
中辞典: 草々 Sincerely (yours); Yours truly.
ルミナス: Yours truly 
GG5 (匆々 entry): 【‘草々'とも】 〔手紙の結び〕 Yours in haste.
  Comments:
I don't think it has to be a literal translation. Worth making it align with 匆々.
  Diff:
@@ -27 +27,2 @@
-<gloss>In haste</gloss>
+<gloss>Yours Sincerely</gloss>
+<gloss>Yours in haste</gloss>
2. A* 2020-11-09 08:51:39  Jim Rose <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Learn Japanese New College Text Volume II ©1984 John Young and Kimiko Nakajima-Okano, Chapter 14, Note 14.4.1, page 286.
  Comments:
Nothing about this conveys an idea of sincerely, although I get the allusion to an example English ending.  The meaning however is “in haste”.

I tried to add [see=1394180 ・前略[1]] but I get crazy output.
  Diff:
@@ -27 +27 @@
-<gloss>Yours Sincerely</gloss>
+<gloss>In haste</gloss>
1. A 2011-09-14 07:55:53  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daij, meikyo
  Diff:
@@ -25,2 +25,2 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="2435210">匆々</xref>
-<s_inf>letters ending with this start with 前略</s_inf>
+<xref type="see" seq="2435210">匆々・2</xref>
+<s_inf>letters ending with this start with 前略, 冠省, etc.</s_inf>

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jmdict 1596420 Active (id: 2098947)
早々 [news1,nf06] 早早
そうそう [news1,nf06]
1. [n-suf,n,adv]
▶ as soon as...
▶ just after...
▶ immediately after...
2. [adv]
《usu. as 早々に》
▶ hurriedly
▶ in haste
▶ quickly
▶ promptly
▶ early



History:
3. A 2021-03-31 04:46:17  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Bulk update n-adv to n,adv
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -19 +19,2 @@
-<pos>&n-adv;</pos>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&adv;</pos>
2. A 2011-09-15 00:53:10  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 07:50:43  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
koj, daij, etc.
  Comments:
proposed split.  そうそう is adv-ni ~only~.  only はやばや is adv-to.
  Diff:
@@ -6,1 +6,0 @@
-<ke_pri>ichi1</ke_pri>
@@ -18,4 +17,0 @@
-<r_ele>
-<reb>はやばや</reb>
-<re_pri>ichi1</re_pri>
-</r_ele>
@@ -23,3 +18,5 @@
-<pos>&adv-to;</pos>
-<gloss>early</gloss>
-<gloss>all in good time</gloss>
+<pos>&n-suf;</pos>
+<pos>&n-adv;</pos>
+<gloss>as soon as...</gloss>
+<gloss>just after...</gloss>
+<gloss>immediately after...</gloss>
@@ -28,1 +25,4 @@
-<pos>&adv-to;</pos>
+<pos>&adv;</pos>
+<s_inf>usu. as 早々に</s_inf>
+<gloss>hurriedly</gloss>
+<gloss>in haste</gloss>
@@ -31,5 +31,1 @@
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<stagr>そうそう</stagr>
-<pos>&suf;</pos>
-<gloss>just- (opened, started, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>early</gloss>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1617770 Active (id: 2160467)
啓上
けいじょう
1. [n,vs,vt] [hum]
《often used in letters, e.g. as an opening phrase》
▶ speaking respectfully
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2041710 一筆啓上 1. this will just be a short note; I'm writing to tell you

Conjugations


History:
3. A 2021-11-18 00:44:46  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Meikyo vt and vi additions to n,vs entries
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<pos>&vt;</pos>
2. A 2011-09-15 00:55:44  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 06:09:22  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
koj, daij
  Diff:
@@ -13,0 +13,3 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2041710">一筆啓上</xref>
+<misc>&hum;</misc>
+<s_inf>often used in letters, e.g. as an opening phrase</s_inf>

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 1651970 Active (id: 1076512)
拝復
はいふく
1. [int,n]
《salutation of a formal letter of response》
▶ Dear Sir or Madam, in reply to your letter ...



History:
2. A 2011-09-15 03:36:21  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 06:55:41  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
gloss to note and fake note to gloss
questionable int?
  Diff:
@@ -13,1 +13,2 @@
-<gloss>salutation of a formal letter of response (in reply to your letter, Dear Sir, Dear Madam, etc.)</gloss>
+<s_inf>salutation of a formal letter of response</s_inf>
+<gloss>Dear Sir or Madam, in reply to your letter ...</gloss>

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jmdict 1681360 Active (id: 1076418)
拝呈
はいてい
1. [n,vs]
▶ presenting
▶ presentation
2. [n] [hon]
《salutation of a formal letter》
▶ Dear (so and so)
▶ Dear Sir
▶ Dear Madam
▶ To Whom It May Concern

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2011-09-14 03:31:07  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 01:57:34  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
splitting.  glosses for sense 2 copied from 拝啓
  Diff:
@@ -14,1 +14,10 @@
-<gloss>salutation of a formal letter</gloss>
+<gloss>presentation</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<misc>&hon;</misc>
+<s_inf>salutation of a formal letter</s_inf>
+<gloss>Dear (so and so)</gloss>
+<gloss>Dear Sir</gloss>
+<gloss>Dear Madam</gloss>
+<gloss>To Whom It May Concern</gloss>

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jmdict 1681380 Active (id: 1076511)
拝具
はいぐ
1. [int,n]
《term used in closing a letter》
▶ respectfully yours



History:
2. A 2011-09-15 03:35:58  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 06:15:59  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5
  Comments:
current gloss to a note (if needed at all). another questionable "int"?
  Diff:
@@ -13,1 +13,2 @@
-<gloss>term used in closing a formal letter</gloss>
+<s_inf>term used in closing a letter</s_inf>
+<gloss>respectfully yours</gloss>

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jmdict 1830840 Active (id: 2274254)
敬白
けいはくけいびゃく [ok] けいひゃく [ok]
1. [n]
《letters ending with this start with 謹啓》
▶ yours sincerely
▶ sincerely yours
▶ yours truly
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1242070 謹啓 1. Dear Sir or Madam; Dear Sirs; Gentlemen
  ⇐ see: 1337770 粛白【しゅくはく】 1. humble greeting at the beginning of a letter



History:
4. A 2023-08-11 02:37:39  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2023-08-11 00:35:35  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Aligning with 敬具.
  Diff:
@@ -19 +18,0 @@
-<pos>&int;</pos>
@@ -20,0 +20 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1242070">謹啓</xref>
@@ -22 +22,3 @@
-<gloss>Yours Sincerely</gloss>
+<gloss>yours sincerely</gloss>
+<gloss>sincerely yours</gloss>
+<gloss>yours truly</gloss>
2. A 2011-09-15 03:33:27  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 06:06:19  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
koj, daij, nikk for readings
  Comments:
another questionable int according to the kokugos
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +10,8 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>けいびゃく</reb>
+<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf>
+</r_ele>
+<r_ele>
+<reb>けいひゃく</reb>
+<re_inf>&ok;</re_inf>
+</r_ele>

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jmdict 1883210 Active (id: 1076477)
食肉目
しょくにくもく
1. [n]
▶ Carnivora
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 2512630 ネコ目 1. Carnivora



History:
2. A 2011-09-14 18:23:36  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 14:15:43  Scott
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="2512630">ネコ目</xref>

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jmdict 1897200 Deleted (id: 1076617)
通りがいい通りが良い通りがよい
とおりがいい (通りがいい, 通りが良い)とおりがよい (通りが良い, 通りがよい)
1. [exp]
▶ pass well (wind through a building, water through a pipe, etc.)
▶ run well
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1432920 通り【とおり】 3. flow (of water, air, etc.); passage; running
2. [exp]
▶ known as (e.g. a pseudonym)
▶ famous as
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1432920 通り【とおり】 5. reputation; favor; favour; popularity



History:
6. D 2011-09-15 08:40:48  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
5. D* 2011-09-15 06:51:15  Paul Upchurch
  Comments:
I agree with Rene; this isn't really needed now.
4. A* 2011-09-14 08:00:18  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
with the rewriting of 通り, to account for things like flow, i think this entry is no longer necessary.  通り applies to so many senses it would be a mess to account for them all.  i suggest deletion of this, 通りのいい, 通りが悪い, 通りの悪い, etc, etc.  eijiro doesn't even both with them
3. A* 2011-09-14 06:01:05  Paul Upchurch
  Comments:
Adding cross-references to expanded とおり
  Diff:
@@ -26,0 +26,1 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1432920">通り・とおり・3</xref>
@@ -31,0 +32,1 @@
+<xref type="see" seq="1432920">通り・とおり・5</xref>
2. A 2011-09-12 10:45:09  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
新和英中辞典
  Comments:
Tidying
  Diff:
@@ -26,1 +26,2 @@
-<gloss>pass (run) well (wind through a building, water through a pipe, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>pass well (wind through a building, water through a pipe, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>run well</gloss>
(show/hide 1 older log entries)

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jmdict 2041710 Active (id: 2202675)
一筆啓上
いっぴつけいじょう
1. [exp] [male,yoji]
《beginning a brief letter》
▶ this will just be a short note
▶ I'm writing to tell you
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 1617770 啓上【けいじょう】 1. speaking respectfully



History:
8. A 2022-08-10 08:12:33  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Adding yoji tags based on gakken, shinmeikai and-or jitenon
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<misc>&yoji;</misc>
7. A 2020-08-27 01:38:43  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
ルミナス, 中辞典
  Comments:
The JEs all explain it a little.
  Diff:
@@ -13,3 +13,3 @@
-<s_inf>used to start a brief letter or note</s_inf>
-<gloss>Just a short note to tell you ...</gloss>
-<gloss>This will just be a short note</gloss>
+<s_inf>beginning a brief letter</s_inf>
+<gloss>this will just be a short note</gloss>
+<gloss>I'm writing to tell you</gloss>
6. A* 2020-08-27 00:50:36  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs
  Comments:
I don't think the note needs to be so long.
Should the glosses be all lower case?
  Diff:
@@ -13,2 +13 @@
-<misc>&yoji;</misc>
-<s_inf>set formula of greeting used by a man at the beginning of a brief note</s_inf>
+<s_inf>used to start a brief letter or note</s_inf>
5. A 2015-05-23 12:20:48  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -16 +16 @@
-<gloss>This will just be a short note.</gloss>
+<gloss>This will just be a short note</gloss>
4. A 2014-08-25 01:10:55  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Kanji Haitani list
  Comments:
Adding yoji tagAdding yoji tag
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<misc>&yoji;</misc>
(show/hide 3 older log entries)

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2163180 Active (id: 1076491)
粛啓
しゅくけいしゅっけい
1. [int] [hon]
▶ Dear (name)
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1242070 謹啓 1. Dear Sir or Madam; Dear Sirs; Gentlemen
  ⇐ see: 1337770 粛白【しゅくはく】 1. humble greeting at the beginning of a letter



History:
4. A 2011-09-15 00:54:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2011-09-14 17:26:06  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
also, 粛白 is another opener, not a closer.  so there's no way the note is true
  Diff:
@@ -17,1 +17,0 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1337770">粛白</xref>
@@ -19,1 +18,0 @@
-<s_inf>used in starting letters finished with 粛白</s_inf>
2. A* 2011-09-14 06:22:17  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
reading from daij
  Comments:
probably not (arch)... on japan post list and in meikyo.
questionable int?  (also, i think i am beginning to recall having gone through this list from japan post before...)
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +10,3 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>しゅっけい</reb>
+</r_ele>
@@ -15,1 +18,0 @@
-<misc>&arch;</misc>
1. A 2007-05-06 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2435210 Active (id: 2088506)
匆々怱々匆匆怱怱
そうそう
1. [adj-na,adv-to,n]
▶ busy
▶ hurried
▶ rushed
2. [exp]
《letters ending with this start with 前略, 冠省, etc.》
▶ yours sincerely
▶ yours in haste
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1596410 草々 4. yours sincerely; yours in haste
3. [adj-na,n] [arch]
▶ simple
▶ brief
▶ quick



History:
5. A 2020-11-21 20:05:43  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2020-11-21 11:59:54  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr/s, shinmeikai.
  Comments:
Sense 1 isn't arch.
  Diff:
@@ -21 +20,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-t;</pos>
@@ -24 +22,0 @@
-<misc>&arch;</misc>
@@ -30,2 +28 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
+<pos>&exp;</pos>
@@ -34,2 +31,10 @@
-<gloss>Yours Sincerely</gloss>
-<gloss>Yours in haste</gloss>
+<gloss>yours sincerely</gloss>
+<gloss>yours in haste</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<misc>&arch;</misc>
+<gloss>simple</gloss>
+<gloss>brief</gloss>
+<gloss>quick</gloss>
3. A 2020-11-19 05:23:23  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -32 +32 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1596410">草々・2</xref>
+<xref type="see" seq="1596410">草々・4</xref>
2. A 2011-09-14 07:54:19  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
meikyo, daij
  Diff:
@@ -32,2 +32,2 @@
-<xref type="see" seq="1596410">草々</xref>
-<s_inf>letters ending with this start with 前略</s_inf>
+<xref type="see" seq="1596410">草々・2</xref>
+<s_inf>letters ending with this start with 前略, 冠省, etc.</s_inf>
1. A 2009-04-10 00:00:00 
  Comments:
Entry created

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jmdict 2512630 Active (id: 1090562)
ネコ目
ネコもく
1. [n]
▶ Carnivora
Cross references:
  ⇔ see: 1883210 食肉目 1. Carnivora
  ⇒ see: 1660320 食肉類 1. carnivores (i.e. animals of the order Carnivora)



History:
7. A 2012-03-27 09:44:12  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
The ネコ目 in that ref is indeed read ねこめ.
  Diff:
@@ -16,5 +16,0 @@
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<gloss>cat eye (syndrome)</gloss>
-<gloss>leukocoria</gloss>
-</sense>
6. A* 2012-03-22 03:16:25  Marcus
  Comments:
I don't have access to the dic referenced, but I had a hard 
time finding any references for the cat eye syndrome, except 
this 
http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q102
5312560
but I'm wondering if it isn't read ねこめ? and written with 
the 猫 kanji, rather than ネコ?
5. A 2011-09-15 04:28:29  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2011-09-15 00:44:04  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
医学英和辞典
  Diff:
@@ -16,0 +16,5 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<gloss>cat eye (syndrome)</gloss>
+<gloss>leukocoria</gloss>
+</sense>
3. A* 2011-09-14 18:31:10  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
this is redundant.  it is NOT redundant for 食肉類="carnivores (i.e. animals of the order Carnivora)", because "carnivore" can mean "member of order Carnivora (inc. things like pandas that don't eat meat)" or "things that only eat meat"
  Diff:
@@ -14,1 +14,1 @@
-<gloss>Carnivora (animals of the order Carnivora)</gloss>
+<gloss>Carnivora</gloss>
(show/hide 2 older log entries)

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jmdict 2659520 Active (id: 1076412)
新規公開株
しんきこうかいかぶ
1. [n]
▶ newly listed stocks
▶ new stock offering



History:
2. A 2011-09-14 01:49:42  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 01:41:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijr, GG5, Eijiro.

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jmdict 2659530 Active (id: 1076423)
中学受験
ちゅうがくじゅけん
1. [n]
▶ taking a junior high-school entrance examination
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2861712 中受【ちゅうじゅ】 1. taking a junior high school entrance exam



History:
2. A 2011-09-14 04:02:46  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 01:53:16  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5

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jmdict 2659540 Active (id: 1076424)
人気校
にんきこう
1. [n]
▶ popular school



History:
2. A 2011-09-14 04:02:55  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 02:00:44  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Mainichi: 人気校を選んだ30代の母親は「大規模というより、中学受験をする子が多いということ。
  Comments:
150k hits. The meaning seems to fit.

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jmdict 2659550 Active (id: 1076426)
輸出拡大
ゆしゅつかくだい
1. [n]
▶ expansion of exports
▶ export expansion



History:
2. A 2011-09-14 04:03:18  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 03:33:46  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
KOD追加語彙, Eijiro

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jmdict 2659560 Active (id: 1076422)
輸出縮小
しゅしゅつしゅくしょう
1. [n]
▶ export reduction
▶ export contraction



History:
2. A 2011-09-14 04:02:32  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 03:35:44  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
KOD追加語彙

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jmdict 2659570 Active (id: 1076425)
供給過剰
きょうきゅうかじょう
1. [n]
▶ oversupply (of goods, etc.)
▶ excessive supply



History:
2. A 2011-09-14 04:03:08  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 03:37:39  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
GG5, リーダーズ+プラス, Eijiro

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jmdict 2659580 Active (id: 1076432)
地権者
ちけんしゃ
1. [n]
▶ land owner
▶ leaseholder



History:
2. A 2011-09-14 05:59:49  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 04:48:22  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijr, GG5, Eijiro, etc.

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jmdict 2659590 Active (id: 1076430)
生コンクリート
なまコンクリート
1. [n]
▶ ready-mixed concrete
▶ liquid concrete
▶ wet concrete
Cross references:
  ⇐ see: 2659600 生コン【なまコン】 1. ready-mixed concrete; liquid concrete; wet concrete



History:
2. A 2011-09-14 05:58:52  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 04:51:17  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijr, GG5, Eijiro, etc.

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2659600 Active (id: 1076431)
生コン
なまコン
1. [n] [abbr]
▶ ready-mixed concrete
▶ liquid concrete
▶ wet concrete
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 2659590 生コンクリート 1. ready-mixed concrete; liquid concrete; wet concrete



History:
2. A 2011-09-14 05:59:43  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 04:52:48  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Daijr, GG5, Eijiro, etc.

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2659610 Active (id: 2274255)
謹白
きんぱく
1. [n] [hon]
▶ yours sincerely
▶ sincerely yours
▶ yours truly



History:
4. A 2023-08-11 02:38:32  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3. A* 2023-08-11 00:39:21  Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr, koj
  Comments:
Used at the end of a letter, not the start.
  Diff:
@@ -13,3 +13,3 @@
-<gloss>Dear Sir or Madam</gloss>
-<gloss>Dear Sirs</gloss>
-<gloss>Gentlemen</gloss>
+<gloss>yours sincerely</gloss>
+<gloss>sincerely yours</gloss>
+<gloss>yours truly</gloss>
2. A 2011-09-15 03:37:53  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 06:24:21  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
koj, daij, meikyo
  Comments:
glosses copied from 謹啓

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jmdict 2659620 Active (id: 1076510)
謹んで申し上げます
つつしんでもうしあげます
1. [exp]
▶ I wish to state respectfully that...



History:
2. A 2011-09-15 03:35:42  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 06:30:20  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5, japan post list, example sentences in kokugos for 謹んで or 謹む, 54200 hits

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jmdict 2659630 Active (id: 2003436)
頓首
とんしゅとんじゅ
1. [n] [hon]
《formula at the end of a letter》
▶ respectfully yours
2. [n,vs]
《orig. meaning》
▶ kowtowing
▶ kowtow

Conjugations


History:
3. A 2019-04-05 06:52:52  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -17 +17 @@
-<gloss>Respectfully yours</gloss>
+<gloss>respectfully yours</gloss>
2. A 2011-09-15 03:35:06  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 06:37:17  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
koj, daij, meikyo, gg5
  Comments:
choosing to put original meaning last (contrary to gg5 and kokugos) because it is the only sense in meikyo and eijiro (therefore probably more common in modern japanese)

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jmdict 2659640 Active (id: 2202707)
頓首再拝
とんしゅさいはい
1. [n] [hon,yoji]
《formula at the end of a letter》
▶ respectfully yours



History:
5. A 2022-08-10 08:12:38  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Adding yoji tags based on gakken, shinmeikai and-or jitenon
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<misc>&yoji;</misc>
4. A 2019-04-05 06:53:53  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -13 +12,0 @@
-<misc>&yoji;</misc>
@@ -15 +14 @@
-<gloss>Respectfully yours</gloss>
+<gloss>respectfully yours</gloss>
3. A 2014-08-26 12:28:56  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
Hanntaigo list
  Comments:
Adding yoji tagAdding yoji tag
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-
  Diff:
@@ -12,0 +13 @@
+<misc>&yoji;</misc>
2. A 2011-09-15 03:35:19  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 06:39:22  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
koj, gg5 (entry for 頓首)

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jmdict 2659650 Active (id: 1076502)
急啓
きゅうけい
1. [n]
《opening formula of an urgent letter》
▶ Dear Sir or Madam



History:
2. A 2011-09-15 02:55:04  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 06:42:14  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
koj, japan post list

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2659660 Active (id: 1076501)
復啓
ふくけいふっけい
1. [n]
《salutation of a formal letter of response》
▶ Dear Sir or Madam, in reply to your letter ...



History:
2. A 2011-09-15 02:54:45  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 06:57:28  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
koj, daij, meikyo, gg5
  Comments:
copied from はいふく

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jmdict 2659670 Active (id: 1076513)
拝答
はいとう
1. [n] [hum]
▶ replying
▶ responding



History:
2. A 2011-09-15 03:36:37  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 07:00:00  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
nikk
  Comments:
perhaps arch/obsc

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jmdict 2659680 Active (id: 1076507)
追啓
ついけい
1. [n]
▶ postscript
▶ P.S.
▶ PS
Cross references:
  ⇒ see: 1432540 追伸 1. postscript; post scriptum; PS; P.S.



History:
2. A 2011-09-15 03:34:27  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 07:02:40  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
koj, daij

View entry in alternate formats: jel | edict | jmdict xml | jmnedict xml | jmdictdb xml
jmdict 2659690 Active (id: 2085587)
略啓
りゃくけい
1. [exp]
《at the beginning of a brief letter》
▶ dispensing with the preliminaries ...



History:
5. A 2020-10-29 04:52:21  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4. A* 2020-10-29 02:55:40  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
Aligning w Robin's edit to 前略
  Diff:
@@ -11,3 +11,3 @@
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<s_inf>opening formula of a brief letter</s_inf>
-<gloss>forgive me for dispensing with the preliminaries, but I hasten to inform you that...</gloss>
+<pos>&exp;</pos>
+<s_inf>at the beginning of a brief letter</s_inf>
+<gloss>dispensing with the preliminaries ...</gloss>
3. A 2020-10-28 03:57:23  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -13 +13 @@
-<gloss>Forgive me for dispensing with the preliminaries, but I hasten to inform you that...</gloss>
+<gloss>forgive me for dispensing with the preliminaries, but I hasten to inform you that...</gloss>
2. A 2011-09-15 03:32:16  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 07:23:05  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijr
  Comments:
copied from 前略

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jmdict 2659700 Active (id: 1076490)
早々早早
はやはや
1. [adv] [arch]
《used as an imperative》
▶ quickly



History:
3. A 2011-09-15 00:53:47  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
2. A* 2011-09-14 07:45:43  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -4,0 +4,3 @@
+<k_ele>
+<keb>早々</keb>
+</k_ele>
1. A* 2011-09-14 07:45:22  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
koj, daijr, daijs
  Comments:
worth keeping separate from 1596420 based on it being archaic and used as an imperative

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jmdict 2659710 Active (id: 1076505)
早々 [ichi1] 早早
はやばや [ichi1]
1. [adv,adv-to]
▶ early
▶ quickly
▶ promptly



History:
2. A 2011-09-15 03:33:41  Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1. A* 2011-09-14 07:48:12  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Comments:
proposed split based on this being adv-to and そうそう being adv-ni.

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jmdict 2659720 Active (id: 1076471)
血に飢える
ちにうえる
1. [exp,v1]
▶ to be bloodthirsty

Conjugations


History:
2. A 2011-09-14 08:01:55  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
gg5
1. A* 2011-09-14 07:55:18  Paul Upchurch
  Refs:
daijr daijs

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jmdict 2659730 Active (id: 2157955)
ハンカチの木
ハンカチのきハンカチノキ (nokanji)
1. [exp,n] [uk]
▶ handkerchief tree (Davidia involucrata)
▶ dove tree



History:
3. A 2021-11-12 12:47:58  Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
  Diff:
@@ -14,0 +15 @@
+<pos>&exp;</pos>
2. A 2011-09-14 23:17:15  Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
  Refs:
daijs, wiki
  Diff:
@@ -10,0 +10,4 @@
+<r_ele>
+<reb>ハンカチノキ</reb>
+<re_nokanji/>
+</r_ele>
@@ -12,1 +16,3 @@
-<gloss>Hankerchief tree, dove tree,ghost tree Latin name Davidia Involclurata.</gloss>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<gloss>handkerchief tree (Davidia involucrata)</gloss>
+<gloss>dove tree</gloss>
1. A* 2011-09-14 13:09:32  Tim Mather <...address hidden...>

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