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1. |
[n]
[col,uk]
▶ (one's) mother |
7. | A 2023-10-02 20:42:36 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | お袋 225,487 27.2% お母 98,880 11.9% 御袋 2,158 0.3% おふくろ 468,231 56.4% オフクロ 35,739 4.3% |
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Diff: | @@ -22 +22 @@ -<re_nokanji/> +<re_inf>&sk;</re_inf> @@ -28 +28 @@ -<gloss>one's mother</gloss> +<gloss>(one's) mother</gloss> |
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6. | A* 2023-10-01 23:51:24 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | Moving the hidden form to the end |
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Diff: | @@ -8,0 +9,4 @@ +<keb>お母</keb> +<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> @@ -11,4 +14,0 @@ -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>お母</keb> -<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf> |
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5. | A 2023-10-01 23:20:03 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...> | |
Diff: | @@ -9,0 +10 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> |
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4. | A 2015-11-27 06:28:34 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
3. | A* 2015-11-26 14:35:24 Johan Råde <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | KM ngrams: おふくろ 9408 お袋 9099 オフクロ 1509 御袋 94 |
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Diff: | @@ -18,0 +19,4 @@ +<r_ele> +<reb>オフクロ</reb> +<re_nokanji/> +</r_ele> |
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(show/hide 2 older log entries) |
1. |
[n,suf]
▶ historical view ▶ view of history (from a given point of view) |
2. | A 2011-11-02 21:55:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
1. | A* 2011-11-02 12:25:13 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | GG5 |
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Comments: | * Add [suf] – generally used in this sense, AFAICT. * add other gloss |
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Diff: | @@ -16,0 +16,1 @@ +<pos>&suf;</pos> @@ -17,0 +18,1 @@ +<gloss>view of history (from a given point of view)</gloss> |
1. |
[n]
▶ child ▶ children |
5. | R 2011-11-03 01:03:32 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | yes, i agree. perhaps something ultra-brief like "子ども is often used in legal documents and for/by children" would be passable, but i think it's unnecessary |
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Diff: | @@ -27,1 +27,0 @@ -<s_inf>子ども is used particularly in texts aimed at children, as 供 is a 6th grade kanji. It is also used to avoid taboo associations with お供え (offering to god or ancestor).</s_inf> |
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4. | A* 2011-11-02 22:10:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | (a) I think the first part of the proposed note is quite unnecessary. The dictionary is full of these sorts of kana substitutions (b) I see no evidence at all of avoidance of 子供. It gets 284M WWW hits cf 107M for 子ども. These are both interesting comments about 子供, but way beyond the scope of the informative notes system, and certainly not things that should be presented to users before the glosses. |
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3. | A* 2011-11-02 06:20:09 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/子供#表記について http://www5.ocn.ne.jp/~sensei/opinion/kodomo.html |
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Comments: | Add note about usage of 交ぜ書き 「子ども」 – elaborated in great detail at WP and other reference. (Elementary school teacher yesterday explained taboo association of 「供」.) |
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Diff: | @@ -27,0 +27,1 @@ +<s_inf>子ども is used particularly in texts aimed at children, as 供 is a 6th grade kanji. It is also used to avoid taboo associations with お供え (offering to god or ancestor).</s_inf> |
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2. | A 2010-09-01 04:52:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
1. | A* 2010-08-31 13:37:27 Scott | |
Diff: | @@ -13,0 +13,4 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>小供</keb> +<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf> |
1. |
[n,vs]
▶ emotional attachment |
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2. |
[n,vs]
▶ attitude (expressing emotion) ▶ meditative pose (e.g. an actor) ▶ posing for effect |
4. | A 2011-11-02 10:47:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
3. | A* 2011-11-02 07:09:42 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | koj, daij |
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Comments: | only [adv] in an archaic sense not listed |
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Diff: | @@ -25,1 +25,0 @@ -<pos>&adv;</pos> @@ -31,1 +30,0 @@ -<pos>&adv;</pos> |
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2. | A 2011-11-02 07:08:14 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | -i don't think it's iK. we have them as equivalent in our entry for おもう -fixing typo |
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Diff: | @@ -12,1 +12,0 @@ -<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf> @@ -20,1 +19,0 @@ -<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf> @@ -30,1 +28,1 @@ -<gloss>emotional attachement</gloss> +<gloss>emotional attachment</gloss> |
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1. | A* 2011-11-02 06:58:10 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | Google hits |
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Comments: | Added alt spellings (saw 想い入れ in a magazine) |
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Diff: | @@ -9,0 +9,13 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>想い入れ</keb> +<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>思入れ</keb> +<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>想入れ</keb> +<ke_inf>&iK;</ke_inf> +<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf> |
1. |
[v5r,vt]
[uk]
▶ to tear to pieces ▶ to tear to shreds ▶ to tear up |
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2. |
[v5r,vt]
[uk]
▶ to pick (e.g. fruit) ▶ to pluck ▶ to tear off |
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3. |
[suf,v5r]
[uk]
《after the -masu stem of a verb》 ▶ to do ... heavily ▶ to do ... heartily ▶ to do ... vigorously |
3. | A 2011-11-02 00:44:27 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
2. | A* 2011-11-02 00:01:24 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | koj, daij, meikyo, gg5, prog, nc |
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Comments: | it's also misleading. |
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Diff: | @@ -14,2 +14,22 @@ -<gloss>to cut finely</gloss> -<gloss>to pick (fruit)</gloss> +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>to tear to pieces</gloss> +<gloss>to tear to shreds</gloss> +<gloss>to tear up</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<gloss>to pick (e.g. fruit)</gloss> +<gloss>to pluck</gloss> +<gloss>to tear off</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&suf;</pos> +<pos>&v5r;</pos> +<misc>&uk;</misc> +<s_inf>after the -masu stem of a verb</s_inf> +<gloss>to do ... heavily</gloss> +<gloss>to do ... heartily</gloss> +<gloss>to do ... vigorously</gloss> |
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1. | A* 2011-11-01 23:02:52 Jennifer Huff <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | "to cut up fine" is an awkward wording. |
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Diff: | @@ -14,1 +14,1 @@ -<gloss>to cut up fine</gloss> +<gloss>to cut finely</gloss> |
1. |
[n,adv]
▶ year |
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2. |
[n]
▶ age ▶ years |
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3. |
[n]
▶ past one's prime ▶ old age |
8. | A 2021-03-31 04:43:35 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | Bulk update n-adv to n,adv -*- via bulkupd.py -*- |
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Diff: | @@ -20 +20,2 @@ -<pos>&n-adv;</pos> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&adv;</pos> |
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7. | A 2021-03-10 03:26:53 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | Bulk update: Removal of n-t POS -*- via bulkupd.py -*- |
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Diff: | @@ -20 +19,0 @@ -<pos>&n-t;</pos> |
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6. | A 2021-02-27 00:32:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
5. | A* 2021-02-25 18:09:21 Edward Coventry <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | Unidic classifies as 名詞, 普通名詞, 副詞可能, -> Noun, Common Noun, Adverb-able |
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Comments: | Added adverbial noun, and changed noun to temporal noun |
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Diff: | @@ -20 +20,2 @@ -<pos>&n;</pos> +<pos>&n-t;</pos> +<pos>&n-adv;</pos> |
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4. | A 2015-09-08 02:22:21 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
(show/hide 3 older log entries) |
1. |
[v5u,vt]
《想う has connotations of heart-felt》 ▶ to think ▶ to consider ▶ to believe ▶ to reckon |
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2. |
[v5u,vt]
▶ to think (of doing) ▶ to plan (to do) |
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3. |
[v5u,vt]
▶ to judge ▶ to assess ▶ to regard |
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4. |
[v5u,vt]
▶ to imagine ▶ to suppose ▶ to dream |
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5. |
[v5u,vt]
▶ to expect ▶ to look forward to |
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6. |
[v5u,vt]
▶ to feel ▶ to be (in a state of mind) ▶ to desire ▶ to want |
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7. |
[v5u,vt]
▶ to care (deeply) for ▶ to yearn for ▶ to worry about ▶ to love |
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8. |
[v5u,vt]
▶ to recall ▶ to remember |
12. | A 2024-06-10 04:24:04 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
11. | A* 2024-06-10 01:37:30 | |
Comments: | (my bad, I was looking at meikyo, 惟う is not mentioned in my edition of daijr) |
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10. | A* 2024-06-10 01:36:25 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | mk (only 6 senses) ⑥そのことを気遣ったり心配したりする。特に、恋心を寄せる。恋い慕う。「子を─親の愛はいつの時代も変わらない」「彼女を─気持ちは誰にも負けない」 daijr 1㋒恋い慕って,頭に思い浮かべる。「私の彼女を―・う気持ちに偽りはない」「私のことを―・ってくれる人」 「▼惟う」 is mentioned in daijr too. Not sure we should hide it. |
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Diff: | @@ -84,0 +85,8 @@ +<gloss>to care (deeply) for</gloss> +<gloss>to yearn for</gloss> +<gloss>to worry about</gloss> +<gloss>to love</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5u;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos> |
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9. | A 2023-09-28 12:05:08 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
8. | A* 2023-09-25 15:24:33 Stephen Kraus <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | Google N-gram Corpus Counts ╭─ーーー─┬─────────────┬───────╮ │ 思う │ 102,840,814 │ 97.5% │ │ 想う │ 1,037,400 │ 1.0% │ │ 念う │ 1,450 │ 0.0% │ - rK (daijs, koj) │ 憶う │ 4,475 │ 0.0% │ - rK (daijs, koj, sankoku) │ 懐う │ 562 │ 0.0% │ - sK (mentioned in meikyo, smk) │ 惟う │ 439 │ 0.0% │ - sK (mentioned in meikyo) │ 意う │ 259 │ 0.0% │ - add, sK (mentioned in smk) │ おもう │ 1,567,967 │ 1.5% │ ╰─ーーー─┴─────────────┴───────╯ |
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Diff: | @@ -14 +14,2 @@ -<keb>念う</keb> +<keb>憶う</keb> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -17 +18,2 @@ -<keb>憶う</keb> +<keb>念う</keb> +<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf> @@ -20,0 +23 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> @@ -23,0 +27,5 @@ +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>意う</keb> +<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf> |
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(show/hide 7 older log entries) |
1. |
[n]
▶ international language ▶ world language ▶ global lingua franca
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2. |
[n]
▶ constructed international auxiliary language (e.g. Esperanto)
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5. | A 2019-12-09 20:11:32 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
4. | A* 2019-12-09 13:55:17 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | daijr: "全世界共通語となることをめざして人工的に作られた言語体系" |
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Comments: | An international auxiliary language isn't necessarily constructed. |
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Diff: | @@ -19 +19 @@ -<gloss>international auxiliary language (e.g. Esperanto)</gloss> +<gloss>constructed international auxiliary language (e.g. Esperanto)</gloss> |
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3. | A* 2019-12-09 13:27:22 Robin Scott <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | daij, koj |
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Comments: | The kokugos have two senses. |
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Diff: | @@ -13,2 +13,7 @@ -<gloss>universal language</gloss> -<gloss>lingua franca</gloss> +<gloss>world language</gloss> +<gloss>global lingua franca</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="2838090">国際補助語</xref> +<gloss>international auxiliary language (e.g. Esperanto)</gloss> |
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2. | A 2011-11-03 01:18:08 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
1. | A* 2011-11-02 10:51:54 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | GG5, etc. |
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Comments: | Tidying. |
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Diff: | @@ -12,1 +12,3 @@ -<gloss>an international or universal language</gloss> +<gloss>international language</gloss> +<gloss>universal language</gloss> +<gloss>lingua franca</gloss> |
1. |
[exp,v5k]
▶ to work hard ▶ to toil ▶ to moil ▶ to keep one's nose to the grindstone ▶ to slug away |
6. | A 2011-11-02 23:29:29 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | Actually "to moil" is a verb. A bit rare, perhaps. |
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Diff: | @@ -23,0 +23,1 @@ +<gloss>to moil</gloss> |
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5. | A* 2011-11-02 23:10:46 Sumiko <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | There was a typo. Should be toil instead of moil. |
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Diff: | @@ -22,1 +22,1 @@ -<gloss>to moil</gloss> +<gloss>to toil</gloss> |
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4. | A 2011-04-07 08:27:54 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
3. | A* 2011-04-06 23:40:40 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | リーダーズ+プラス |
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Diff: | @@ -22,0 +22,3 @@ +<gloss>to moil</gloss> +<gloss>to keep one's nose to the grindstone</gloss> +<gloss>to slug away</gloss> |
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2. | A* 2011-04-06 15:36:53 Scott | |
Diff: | @@ -7,0 +7,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>コツコツ働く</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -9,0 +12,5 @@ +<re_restr>こつこつ働く</re_restr> +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>コツコツはたらく</reb> +<re_restr>コツコツ働く</re_restr> |
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(show/hide 1 older log entries) |
1. |
[n]
▶ cynanthropy |
2. | A 2011-11-02 00:03:08 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
1. | A* 2011-11-01 22:30:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | 医学英和辞典, Eijiro |
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Comments: | 100+k hits (probably a manga/anime thing) |
1. |
[n]
▶ clothing expenses |
2. | A 2011-11-02 01:18:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | GG5, 新和英中辞典, etc. |
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1. | A* 2011-11-02 00:53:52 Clément DAUMAIL | |
Refs: | dictionary.goo.ne.jp |
1. |
[n]
[arch]
▶ chivalrous female |
2. | A 2011-11-02 10:52:39 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
1. | A* 2011-11-02 07:40:38 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | koj, daijr, daijs |
1. |
[n]
▶ global language ▶ world language |
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2. |
[n]
▶ languages of the world ▶ world languages |
2. | A 2011-11-02 10:52:14 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | Eijiro |
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1. | A* 2011-11-02 10:24:16 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | 170,000+ Google hits |
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Comments: | In essay I’m reading. |
1. |
[n,vs]
▶ simultaneous development ▶ spreading at the same time (e.g. two phenomena) |
4. | A 2011-11-04 05:37:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | Let's keep it. |
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3. | A* 2011-11-03 03:17:51 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | i don't think so. i get 650k hits for it, so it may be worth keeping, but you can plop 同時 in front of just about any kanji compound, so i'm not sure it's idiomatic in japanese (and it certainly isn't idiomatic in english) |
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2. | A* 2011-11-03 01:57:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | Is this any more than the sum of the parts? |
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1. | A* 2011-11-02 10:52:40 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | 1,800,000+ Google hits |
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Comments: | In essay I’m reading (globalization and localization are both spreading). |
1. |
[exp]
《usu. 〜...ない, etc.》 ▶ like it or not ▶ like or not like
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3. | A 2011-11-03 03:20:22 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | web hits tend to support the ない |
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2. | A* 2011-11-03 01:43:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | GG5 (in the 嫌い entry): 私は理科について特に好きでも嫌いでもなく, 普通です. I don't feel any particular liking or disliking in regard to (natural) science; I'm neutral. |
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Comments: | Isn't it usually 好きでも嫌いでも...ない? |
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Diff: | @@ -12,0 +12,2 @@ +<xref type="see" seq="1277460">好き嫌い・すききらい</xref> +<s_inf>usu. 〜...ない, etc.</s_inf> @@ -13,0 +15,1 @@ +<gloss>like or not like</gloss> |
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1. | A* 2011-11-02 11:04:08 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | 5,000,000+ Google hits |
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Comments: | V. common expression. |
1. |
[n,vs]
▶ decentralization (of power) ▶ decentralisation |
2. | A 2011-11-02 11:48:44 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
1. | A* 2011-11-02 11:18:30 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | GG5 200,000+ Google hits |
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Comments: | Same essay. |
1. |
[n]
▶ economic unit (entity involved in economic activity, e.g. households, businesses, nations) |
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2. |
[n]
▶ economic unit (measurement of economic activity) |
2. | A 2011-11-02 21:59:38 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
1. | A* 2011-11-02 11:23:39 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | 大辞林、広辞苑 |
1. |
[n]
▶ economic bloc |
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2. |
[n]
▶ ecosystem (of services, goods, etc. within a company or consortium) |
4. | A 2021-07-14 08:20:01 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | Needed a little more. |
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Diff: | @@ -16 +16 @@ -<gloss>ecosystem (of services, goods etc.)</gloss> +<gloss>ecosystem (of services, goods, etc. within a company or consortium)</gloss> |
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3. | A* 2021-07-10 15:01:59 Nicolas Maia | |
Refs: | https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO17354170W7A600C1000000/ https://manetatsu.com/2021/05/339421/ |
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Diff: | @@ -12,0 +13,4 @@ +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>ecosystem (of services, goods etc.)</gloss> |
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2. | A 2011-11-02 17:40:11 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
1. | A* 2011-11-02 11:27:09 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | GG5, 大辞林 |
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Comments: | Same essay. |
1. |
[n]
▶ broad economic bloc ▶ broad economic block (e.g. EU) |
4. | R 2011-11-03 10:45:49 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | I think leave it. |
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3. | A* 2011-11-03 03:19:43 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | i can take it or leave it. it's not in eijiro, which is surprising for any economics kanji compound that is worth keeping |
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2. | A* 2011-11-03 02:31:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | Now that 経済圏 is an entry, is this needed? |
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1. | A* 2011-11-02 11:30:07 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | 120,000+ Google hits |
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Comments: | Same essay. |
1. |
[n]
▶ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |
2. | D 2011-11-02 22:03:16 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | Well, it *is* an office. Like an ombudsman, etc. Moved to enamdict. |
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1. | A* 2011-11-02 12:20:03 Nils Roland Barth <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | The person themselves, not the office. |
1. |
[n]
▶ Lojban (language) |
2. | A 2011-11-02 17:39:42 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
1. | A* 2011-11-02 14:12:22 Scott | |
Refs: | wiki |
1. |
[vt]
▶ ??? |
3. | R 2011-11-03 02:33:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | I agree. It's really more a matter of how to interpret it rather than it being a common idiomatic expression. |
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2. | A* 2011-11-03 01:17:35 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | i think it just means "to form a group of ten people". "十人束" の gets 161 "real" google hits. i don't think this should be included. |
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1. | A* 2011-11-02 17:53:12 Winnie <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | I've run across this phrase a few times, but can't find a good definition. I'm submitting it here in case you might know what it means and can fill in the meaning. As best I can figure, it means something like "worth 10 of x" or "as good as 10 of x". A google search for 十人束 turns up 1.6 million results, most of which seem to be followed by some form of "になる", but none has an explicit definition. Also, I wasn't sure which part of speech to use. I looked at the reference page, but couldn't find something that seemed to fit a verbal phrase like this. I put vt because the form requires me to use a valid code. If you're not familiar with the term, feel free to disregard this entry! |
1. |
[n]
▶ loud shout ▶ excited cheering |
2. | A 2011-11-02 21:57:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
Refs: | GG5 (in examples) |
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Diff: | @@ -12,1 +12,2 @@ -<gloss>loud shout, excited cheer</gloss> +<gloss>loud shout</gloss> +<gloss>excited cheering</gloss> |
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1. | A* 2011-11-02 18:02:00 Winnie <...address hidden...> | |
Comments: | The meanings I've listed are the closest I can determine the meaning. Please feel free to modify if you know a better description. |
1. |
[n]
▶ chlorendic acid |
2. | A 2011-11-03 01:10:48 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...> | |
1. | A* 2011-11-02 21:49:34 Jim Breen | |
Refs: | 理化学英和辞典, Eijiro |
1. |
[v1]
▶ to be too cold |
2. | D 2011-12-01 12:30:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...> | |
1. | A* 2011-11-02 23:26:56 Jim Breen | |
Refs: | Eijiro: 農作物の栽培には寒過ぎる too cold for growing crops |
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Comments: | Just want to put it in the pool somewhere. |