JMdictDB - Entries

jmdict 1177680 Active (id: 2148186)
艶 [ichi1,news1,nf23]
【つや [ichi1,news1,nf23] ；ツヤ (nokanji) 】

[n]
▶ gloss
▶ luster
▶ lustre
▶ shine
▶ sheen
▶ polish

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2257690 土味【つちあじ】 1. gloss; sheen (surface quality found in unglazed pottery)

[n]
▶ mellowness (of a voice)
▶ youthfulness (e.g. of skin)

[n]
▶ interest
▶ appeal
▶ charm
▶ color
▶ colour
▶ feeling

[n]
▶ romance
▶ love
▶ sexiness

History:

5.	A 2021-09-30 07:36:12 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	艶 2227954 ツヤ 1942921
	Comments:	Common.
	Diff:	@@ -14,0 +15,4 @@ +</r_ele> +<r_ele> +<reb>ツヤ</reb> +<re_nokanji/>
4.	A 2017-09-18 04:50:24 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2017-09-17 15:58:42 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, gg5, prog
	Comments:	Split sense 2. Added glosses.
	Diff:	@@ -19 +19,5 @@ -<gloss>glaze</gloss> +<gloss>luster</gloss> +<gloss>lustre</gloss> +<gloss>shine</gloss> +<gloss>sheen</gloss> +<gloss>polish</gloss> @@ -23,4 +27,2 @@ -<gloss>charm</gloss> -<gloss>romance</gloss> -<gloss>love</gloss> -<gloss>youthfulness</gloss> +<gloss>mellowness (of a voice)</gloss> +<gloss>youthfulness (e.g. of skin)</gloss> @@ -29,0 +32,3 @@ +<gloss>interest</gloss> +<gloss>appeal</gloss> +<gloss>charm</gloss> @@ -33,0 +39,6 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>romance</gloss> +<gloss>love</gloss> +<gloss>sexiness</gloss> +</sense>
2.	A 2011-01-18 09:10:33 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Diff:	@@ -26,0 +26,7 @@ +<gloss>youthfulness</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>color</gloss> +<gloss>colour</gloss> +<gloss>feeling</gloss>
1.	A* 2011-01-18 07:18:43 J Greely <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG4 see also 1895050, 艶のある声
	Diff:	@@ -21,0 +21,6 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>charm</gloss> +<gloss>romance</gloss> +<gloss>love</gloss> +</sense>

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jmdict 1254670 Active (id: 1118226)
結ぶ [ichi1,news1,nf08]
【むすぶ [ichi1,news1,nf08] 】

[v5b,vt]
▶ to tie
▶ to bind
▶ to link

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 2769980 結ばれる【むすばれる】 1. to be tied together; to be fastened

[v5b,vt]
▶ to bear (fruit)

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1911050 実を結ぶ 1. to bear fruit

[v5b,vt]
▶ to close (e.g. deal)
▶ to confirm
▶ to conclude

[v5b,vt]
▶ to connect (two distant places)

[v5b,vt]
▶ to close tightly
▶ to purse (e.g. lips)

[v5b,vt]
▶ to unite (with)
▶ to ally
▶ to join hands

Conjugations

History:

8.	A 2012-12-09 22:59:45 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Probably worth an entry.
7.	A* 2012-12-09 11:31:46
	Comments:	結ぶ便　－　connecting flights
6.	A 2012-10-22 00:59:36 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
5.	A* 2012-10-21 14:21:07 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij
	Diff:	@@ -39,0 +39,5 @@ +<gloss>to connect (two distant places)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5b;</pos> +<pos>&vt;</pos>
4.	A* 2012-10-21 12:51:11
	Comments:	結ぶ便　－ connecting flight
(show/hide 3 older log entries)
3.	A 2011-01-19 02:36:25 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	there is an intransitive sense in koj, daij, etc, but all the ones listed here are transitive
	Diff:	@@ -18,0 +18,1 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos> @@ -24,0 +25,1 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos> @@ -29,0 +31,1 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos> @@ -35,0 +38,1 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos> @@ -40,0 +44,1 @@ +<pos>&vt;</pos>
2.	A* 2011-01-18 21:21:18 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5
	Comments:	GG5 has many senses - I have merged a few.
	Diff:	@@ -27,0 +27,17 @@ +<sense> +<pos>&v5b;</pos> +<gloss>to close (e.g. deal)</gloss> +<gloss>to confirm</gloss> +<gloss>to conclude</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5b;</pos> +<gloss>to close tightly</gloss> +<gloss>to purse (e.g. lips)</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&v5b;</pos> +<gloss>to unite (with)</gloss> +<gloss>to ally</gloss> +<gloss>to join hands</gloss> +</sense>
1.	A* 2011-01-18 20:01:20 Winnie <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I've also seen this word used to indicate pursing of the lips e.g., 唇を結ぶ There are a lot of examples on Google.

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jmdict 1419950 Active (id: 2147447)
段階 [ichi1,news1,nf01]
【だんかい [ichi1,news1,nf01] 】

[n]
▶ stage
▶ step
▶ phase

Cross references:
	⇐ see: 1656190 階梯【かいてい】 2. rank; grade; gradations; step

[n]
▶ level
▶ rank
▶ grade
▶ gradation

[n]
▶ order

[n]
▶ stairs

Cross references:
	⇒ see: 1203090 階段 1. stairs; stairway; staircase

History:

4.	A 2021-09-22 23:42:59 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	All 12 sentences seem to be sense 1.
3.	A* 2021-09-22 11:26:17 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	daij, gg5, prog
	Comments:	Splitting into senses.
	Diff:	@@ -17,0 +18,8 @@ +<gloss>stage</gloss> +<gloss>step</gloss> +<gloss>phase</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<gloss>level</gloss> +<gloss>rank</gloss> @@ -19,5 +27,4 @@ -<gloss>level</gloss> -<gloss>stage</gloss> -<gloss>class</gloss> -<gloss>phase</gloss> -<gloss>steps</gloss> +<gloss>gradation</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> @@ -25 +32,5 @@ -<gloss>gradation</gloss> +</sense> +<sense> +<pos>&n;</pos> +<xref type="see" seq="1203090">階段</xref> +<gloss>stairs</gloss>
2.	A 2011-01-18 09:08:50 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2011-01-18 00:44:03 Hendrik
	Refs:	* http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/日本語能力試験 (2010年の改訂で、N1～N5の5段階になり、7月受験はN1～N3レベル、12月受験は全レベルであるN1～N5を実施している。) * http://lang-8.com/166261/journals/533837/12月5日!-JLPT! and others
	Comments:	Added "level", which is frequently used when making reference to tests
	Diff:	@@ -18,1 +18,0 @@ -<gloss>gradation</gloss> @@ -20,0 +19,1 @@ +<gloss>level</gloss> @@ -21,0 +21,2 @@ +<gloss>class</gloss> +<gloss>phase</gloss> @@ -23,2 +25,1 @@ -<gloss>class</gloss> -<gloss>phase</gloss> +<gloss>gradation</gloss>

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jmdict 1582290 Active (id: 2145681)
灯 [ichi1,news1,nf09]
【ひ [ichi1,news1,nf09] 】

[n]
▶ light
▶ lamp

History:

9.	A 2021-09-01 23:55:22 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
8.	A* 2021-09-01 11:41:36 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I'll assume there are no objections.
	Diff:	@@ -10,19 +9,0 @@ -<k_ele> -<keb>灯火</keb> -<ke_pri>news2</ke_pri> -<ke_pri>nf34</ke_pri> -<ke_pri>spec2</ke_pri> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>灯し火</keb> -<ke_inf>&io;</ke_inf> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>燭</keb> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>燈火</keb> -</k_ele> -<k_ele> -<keb>ともし火</keb> -</k_ele> @@ -31 +11,0 @@ -<re_restr>灯</re_restr> @@ -35,11 +14,0 @@ -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>とうか</reb> -<re_restr>灯火</re_restr> -<re_restr>燈火</re_restr> -<re_pri>news2</re_pri> -<re_pri>nf34</re_pri> -<re_pri>spec2</re_pri> -</r_ele> -<r_ele> -<reb>ともしび</reb> @@ -51 +19,0 @@ -<gloss>torch</gloss>
7.	A* 2021-09-01 02:51:02 Marcus Richert <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Makes sense to me.
6.	A* 2021-09-01 00:41:19 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	I think each of these readings should be a separate entry. It's just too messy otherwise. I'm happy to set it up. とう is already a separate entry with an additional counter sense. Could be merged here but I don't think it's necessary.
5.	A* 2021-08-30 04:29:06 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	灯 3060580 灯火 254013 灯し火 2805 燭 163019 燈火 20996 ともし火 16651
	Comments:	The JEs group them this way (e.g. GG5): 灯 (ひ,とう) light, lamp 灯火･燈火 (ともしび) light, lamp 灯火 (とうか) light; lamplight The kokugos add 火 and sometimes 燭 to ともしび. 新明解 only has 灯 as a kanji form for it. Koj xrefs 燈火 to とうか. GG5 alone has 燈火 for ともしび. They all use much the same definitions. I'm inclined to split とうか into a separate entry, but leave the rest combined, and add とう as a reading for 灯. Any views on this?
(show/hide 4 older log entries)
4.	A* 2021-08-29 07:58:02
	Refs:	https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/89017/the-reading-of-灯
	Comments:	should this be split into multiple entries? I think ひ and ともしび don't belong together, ともしび is a fire burning, ひ can be electric.
3.	A 2011-01-19 02:37:14 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2011-01-18 22:15:58 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Daij
	Diff:	@@ -39,0 +39,1 @@ +<re_restr>燈火</re_restr>
1.	A* 2011-01-18 22:09:55 Scott
	Diff:	@@ -26,0 +26,3 @@ +<k_ele> +<keb>ともし火</keb> +</k_ele> @@ -47,0 +50,1 @@ +<gloss>torch</gloss>

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jmdict 1912500 Deleted (id: 1056672)
最も重要な事
【もっともじゅうようなこと】

[n]
▶ the most important thing

History:

2.	D 2011-01-18 16:42:16 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	D* 2011-01-18 16:19:22 Scott

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jmdict 1980630 Rejected (id: 2119789)
最も重要；もっとも重要
【もっともじゅうよう】

[exp,adj-na]
▶ most important
▶ central
▶ matters most
▶ overriding
▶ top

History:

10.	R 2021-07-16 20:54:15 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Thanks for the cogent and well-argued case.
9.	D* 2021-07-16 15:15:05
8.	A 2016-11-14 23:53:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7.	A* 2016-11-14 10:01:44 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: 最も重要 632980 もっとも重要 107633 もっともじゅうよう 392
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>もっとも重要</keb>
6.	A 2015-11-12 00:48:49 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 5 older log entries)
5.	A* 2015-11-11 18:51:19
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +11 @@ +<pos>&exp;</pos>
4.	A 2013-02-12 23:40:39 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2013-02-12 23:09:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/最も重要 Eijiro, リーダーズ+プラス
	Comments:	6M hits. I'd like to bring this one back - it's in 5 Tanaka sentences, and I think is quite useful for reverse searching, etc. (I'm currently checking dead indices in the Tanakas, many of which are due to the word/phrase being deleted.)
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +13,4 @@ +<gloss>central</gloss> +<gloss>matters most</gloss> +<gloss>overriding</gloss> +<gloss>top</gloss>
2.	D 2011-01-18 16:39:52 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	it's not really harmful, but i guess unless we plan to add every single 最も+adj combination, there's no real reason to single this one out
1.	D* 2011-01-18 16:19:38 Scott
	Comments:	obvious

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jmdict 1980630 Deleted (id: 2124162)
最も重要；もっとも重要
【もっともじゅうよう】

[exp,adj-na]
▶ most important
▶ central
▶ matters most
▶ overriding
▶ top

History:

10.	D 2021-07-18 03:42:56 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Yes, it does seem rather silly to have just this one 最もXX entry. I've unlinked the sentences.
9.	A* 2021-07-17 10:30:26 Robin Scott <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	最も重要 632745 最も多い 333954 最も多く 311456 最も基本 299898 最も人気 273237 最も高い 264104 最も近い 254591 最も大切 247016
	Comments:	I don't see a need for this. Very A+B.
8.	A 2016-11-14 23:53:30 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
7.	A* 2016-11-14 10:01:44 Johan Råde <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	G n-grams: 最も重要 632980 もっとも重要 107633 もっともじゅうよう 392
	Diff:	@@ -5,0 +6,3 @@ +</k_ele> +<k_ele> +<keb>もっとも重要</keb>
6.	A 2015-11-12 00:48:49 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
(show/hide 5 older log entries)
5.	A* 2015-11-11 18:51:19
	Diff:	@@ -10,0 +11 @@ +<pos>&exp;</pos>
4.	A 2013-02-12 23:40:39 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
3.	A* 2013-02-12 23:09:19 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/最も重要 Eijiro, リーダーズ+プラス
	Comments:	6M hits. I'd like to bring this one back - it's in 5 Tanaka sentences, and I think is quite useful for reverse searching, etc. (I'm currently checking dead indices in the Tanakas, many of which are due to the word/phrase being deleted.)
	Diff:	@@ -13,0 +13,4 @@ +<gloss>central</gloss> +<gloss>matters most</gloss> +<gloss>overriding</gloss> +<gloss>top</gloss>
2.	D 2011-01-18 16:39:52 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	it's not really harmful, but i guess unless we plan to add every single 最も+adj combination, there's no real reason to single this one out
1.	D* 2011-01-18 16:19:38 Scott
	Comments:	obvious

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jmdict 2608840 Active (id: 1056667)
魂不死説
【たましいふしせつ】

[n] [rare]
▶ (theory of) the immortality of the soul

History:

2.	A 2011-01-18 09:12:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Only 12 Googits.
	Diff:	@@ -12,0 +12,1 @@ +<misc>&obsc;</misc>
1.	A* 2011-01-18 02:20:08 Trevor <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	「哲学男子」p.22
	Comments:	e.g. pythagoreanism

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jmdict 2608850 Rejected (id: 1056665)
魚
【さかな】

[n]
▶ cá

History:

2.	R 2011-01-18 09:09:35 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	Non-English cannot be accepted at the moment. (Is there even a Vietnamese version to begin with?)
1.	A* 2011-01-18 08:03:00 banv <...address hidden...>

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jmdict 2608860 Active (id: 1056677)
生産方式
【せいさんほうしき】

[n]
▶ production system
▶ production method
▶ manufacturing system

History:

5.	A 2011-01-18 21:21:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
4.	A* 2011-01-18 20:50:16 Scott
	Diff:	@@ -13,1 +13,1 @@ -<gloss>productuon method</gloss> +<gloss>production method</gloss>
3.	A 2011-01-18 09:13:42 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
2.	A* 2011-01-18 09:07:52 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Comments:	OOps. Didn't mean to approve.
1.	A 2011-01-18 09:06:17 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	GG5, Eijiro

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JMdictDB is an open-source Postgresql database and Python API for managing Japanese dictionary data developed by Stuart McGraw. More information at http://edrdg.org/~smg/. Please report software problems at https://gitlab.com/yamagoya/jmdictdb/issues or email to jmdictdb@mtneva.com.

2.	A 2011-01-18 21:23:11 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Diff:	@@ -12,1 +12,1 @@ -<gloss>Schooner style ship built at the end of the Shogunate</gloss> +<gloss>schooner style ship built at the end of the Shogunate</gloss>
1.	A* 2011-01-18 17:51:21 Scott
	Refs:	daij koj wiki

2.	A 2011-01-19 02:33:23 Rene Malenfant <...address hidden...>
1.	A* 2011-01-18 21:30:13 Jim Breen <...address hidden...>
	Refs:	Koj

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