<entry id="2283525" stat="A" corpus="jmdict" type="jmdict">
<ent_corp type="jmdict">jmdict</ent_corp>
<ent_seq>1601260</ent_seq>
<k_ele>
<keb>馬鹿</keb>
<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf>
<ke_pri>ichi1</ke_pri>
<ke_pri>news2</ke_pri>
<ke_pri>nf45</ke_pri>
</k_ele>
<k_ele>
<keb>莫迦</keb>
<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf>
<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
</k_ele>
<k_ele>
<keb>破家</keb>
<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf>
<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
</k_ele>
<k_ele>
<keb>馬稼</keb>
<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf>
<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
</k_ele>
<r_ele>
<reb>ばか</reb>
<re_pri>ichi1</re_pri>
<re_pri>news2</re_pri>
<re_pri>nf45</re_pri>
</r_ele>
<r_ele>
<reb>バカ</reb>
<re_nokanji/>
<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
</r_ele>
<sense>
<pos>&n;</pos>
<misc>&uk;</misc>
<gloss>idiot</gloss>
<gloss>moron</gloss>
<gloss>fool</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
<misc>&uk;</misc>
<gloss>stupid</gloss>
<gloss>foolish</gloss>
<gloss>dull</gloss>
<gloss>absurd</gloss>
<gloss>ridiculous</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<pos>&n;</pos>
<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
<misc>&uk;</misc>
<gloss>trivial</gloss>
<gloss>insignificant</gloss>
<gloss>disappointing</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<pos>&n;</pos>
<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
<misc>&uk;</misc>
<gloss>malfunctioning</gloss>
<gloss>defective</gloss>
<gloss>losing sensation</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<pos>&n;</pos>
<pos>&n-pref;</pos>
<misc>&uk;</misc>
<misc>&sl;</misc>
<gloss>incredibly</gloss>
<gloss>unusually</gloss>
<gloss>exceptionally</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<pos>&n;</pos>
<pos>&n-suf;</pos>
<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
<misc>&uk;</misc>
<misc>&sl;</misc>
<s_inf>usu. in compounds</s_inf>
<gloss>fervent enthusiast</gloss>
<gloss>nut</gloss>
<gloss>person singularly obsessed with something</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<pos>&n;</pos>
<xref type="see" seq="1637040">馬鹿貝</xref>
<misc>&abbr;</misc>
<misc>&uk;</misc>
<gloss>Mactra chinensis (species of trough shell)</gloss>
</sense>
<info>
<audit time="2010-10-09 18:25:48" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Scott</upd_name>
<upd_detl>could be further improved</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>koj</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -31,0 +31,3 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
@@ -43,0 +46,6 @@
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<xref type="see" seq="1637040">馬鹿貝</xref>
+<misc>&abbr;</misc>
+<gloss>surf clam</gloss>
+</sense></upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2010-10-11 09:41:59" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
</audit>
<audit time="2012-03-31 00:51:49" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_refs>Daijr: "「馬鹿」 は当て字〕"</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -29,0 +29,1 @@
+<s_inf>馬鹿 is ateji</s_inf></upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2012-04-01 06:54:41" stat="A">
<upd_uid>rene</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Rene Malenfant</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
</audit>
<audit time="2013-09-27 03:59:29" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_detl>is there any point in splitting sense 1 and 3?</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -6,0 +6,1 @@
+<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf>
@@ -29,1 +30,0 @@
-<s_inf>馬鹿 is ateji</s_inf></upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2013-09-27 08:59:55" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>Marcus</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_refs>daijs 《(梵)mohaの音写。無知の意》
音写 qualifies right?</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -30,0 +30,1 @@
+<lsource xml:lang="san">moha</lsource></upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2013-10-01 04:07:11" stat="A">
<upd_uid>rene</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Rene Malenfant</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>sense 3 is split for e-j lookups, i presume
音写 isn't an lsrc</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -30,1 +30,0 @@
-<lsource xml:lang="san">moha</lsource></upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2013-10-01 04:09:27" stat="A">
<upd_uid>rene</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Rene Malenfant</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>the whole lot are ateji</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>wiki, shinmeikai, meikyo</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -13,1 +13,1 @@
-<ke_inf>&oK;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf>
@@ -17,0 +17,5 @@
+<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf>
+</k_ele>
+<k_ele>
+<keb>馬稼</keb>
+<ke_inf>&ateji;</ke_inf></upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2013-10-01 04:10:24" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>rene</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Rene Malenfant</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>oops. didn't mean to approve. and synching sense 4</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -56,1 +56,1 @@
-<gloss>surf clam</gloss>
+<gloss>Mactra chinensis (species of trough shell)</gloss></upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2013-10-01 04:16:15" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>Marcus</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>why doesn't 音写 count as lsrc?
wiki:
"なお、仏典を翻訳する際にいくつかの理由から漢文に訳さず、_梵語の音をそのまま漢字
に写した_、音写（おんしゃ）という技法が用いられた。" (my emphasis)
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E5%86%99#.E9.9F.B3.E5.
86.99.E3.81.A8.E4.BA.94.E7.A8.AE.E4.B8.8D.E7.BF.BB</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2013-10-01 04:38:00" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>rene</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Rene Malenfant</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>because this word isn't considered gairaigo.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2013-10-01 04:49:07" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>rene</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Rene Malenfant</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>in addition, overwhelmingly the 音写 process from sanskrit/hindi took place in china, with japanese words being adopted from chinese in their written form and the characters pronounced using their native japanese pronunciations. it's no different than any of the other kanji compounds japan adopted from china except that the chinese was based on sanskrit. not gairaigo; doesn't get an lsrc tag</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2013-10-02 02:43:46" stat="A">
<upd_uid>Marcus</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>ok, fair enough. I think it would make sense to single out
sanskrit borrowings from other kango though - after all,
this is what daij/nikk do.
_
I guess they all should be marked as ateji but it's odd that
nikk, which lists the 3 first kanji forms, and daijs, which
lists the 2 first kanji forms, each has a note that only
specifies the first of them as ateji: "「馬鹿」はあて字"</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2015-04-22 10:09:39" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_refs>n-grams
馬鹿 270508
ばか 54874
バカ 312261</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -34,0 +35 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
@@ -39,0 +41 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
@@ -45,0 +48 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc></upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2015-04-22 23:54:04" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_diff>@@ -58,0 +59 @@
+<misc>&uk;</misc></upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2017-02-26 05:37:03" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>johan</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Johan Råde</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_refs>G n-grams:
馬鹿 7054362
ばか 1739759
バカ 10312235</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -31,0 +32 @@
+<re_pri>spec1</re_pri></upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2017-02-27 10:58:03" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
</audit>
<audit time="2019-06-25 09:47:50" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>Marcus</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_refs>See 筋肉馬鹿, 親バカ, 釣りバカ (defined in jawiki as "釣りバカとは、大の釣り愛好者を形容する言葉。")
also a "趣味バラエティ番組" show called 趣味バカ:
https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E8%B6%A3%E5%91%B3%E3%83%90%E3%82%AB
gg5 (sense 1 of ばか)
コンピューターばか a computer □fan [enthusiast]
・釣りばか a fishing nut.
https://daiichi777.jp/fan/column/developer_interview/project_d_planning/
「入社してからずっと企画職だと、変な意味での“パチンコ馬鹿”になってしまう恐れがあるんです。新機種のスペック
や演出にはやたらと詳しいけど、企画としての視野が狭く、プレイヤーの声やホールさんの求めているもの、といった
マーケットニーズを捉える感覚が欠けている、などです」</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -36,0 +37,2 @@
+<gloss>idiot</gloss>
+<gloss>moron</gloss>
@@ -38 +39,0 @@
-<gloss>idiot</gloss>
@@ -49,0 +51 @@
+<gloss>stupid</gloss>
@@ -51 +52,0 @@
-<gloss>stupid</gloss>
@@ -54,0 +56,9 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<s_inf>usu. in compounds</s_inf>
+<gloss>fervent enthusiast</gloss>
+<gloss>nut</gloss>
+<gloss>person singularly obsessed with something</gloss></upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2019-07-17 04:10:32" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Finally checked the sentence indices.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2023-11-07 01:09:21" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_refs>sankoku, daijr/s, smk, meikyo
Google N-gram Corpus Counts
╭─ーー─┬────────────┬───────╮
│ 馬鹿 │ 7,054,362 │ 36.8% │
│ 莫迦 │ 77,209 │ 0.4% │
│ 破家 │ 442 │ 0.0% │
│ 馬稼 │ 42 │ 0.0% │
│ ばか │ 1,739,759 │ 9.1% │
│ バカ │ 10,312,235 │ 53.8% │
╰─ーー─┴────────────┴───────╯</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -17,0 +18 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -21,0 +23 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -35,0 +38 @@
+<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
@@ -40,11 +42,0 @@
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&n;</pos>
-<misc>&uk;</misc>
-<gloss>trivial matter</gloss>
-<gloss>folly</gloss>
-<gloss>absurdity</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense>
-<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
-<misc>&uk;</misc>
@@ -60,0 +53,26 @@
+<gloss>trivial</gloss>
+<gloss>insignificant</gloss>
+<gloss>disappointing</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<gloss>malfunctioning (e.g. key, sense of smell, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>defective</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&n-pref;</pos>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<misc>&sl;</misc>
+<gloss>incredibly</gloss>
+<gloss>unusually</gloss>
+<gloss>exceptionally</gloss>
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&n;</pos>
+<pos>&n-suf;</pos>
+<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<misc>&sl;</misc>
@@ -64,0 +83,8 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&adv;</pos>
+<misc>&uk;</misc>
+<misc>&sl;</misc>
+<gloss>ridiculously</gloss>
+<gloss>unusually</gloss>
+<gloss>exceptionally</gloss></upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2023-11-07 09:34:29" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>Marcus</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>We don't mix noun and adjective glosses in the same sense (sense 1). Also though not a requirement, when making big changes to an entry, it's appreciated if you explain in a couple of words what you are doing and why, as the diff gets pretty confusing to follow once it hits a certain length.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2023-11-07 16:16:27" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_detl>sorry, you're right
added rK to "破家 and "馬稼" as they seem pretty uncommon
merged (before my changes) 1st and 3rd senses as i didn't think it was appropriate to separate them
re-separated them
added adj-na to the 3rd sense as i don't think it's used exclusively as a noun but i'm not sure
added the 4th sense (sankoku, daijr, meikyo)
added the 5th sense n-pref + sl (sankoku, daijr, smk)
added n-suf and sl to the 6th sense (sankoku, daijr, smk)
added the 7th sense adv (maybe we need a xref to "馬鹿に"?)</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -38 +37,0 @@
-<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
@@ -42,0 +42,4 @@
+</sense>
+<sense>
+<pos>&adj-na;</pos>
+<misc>&uk;</misc></upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2023-11-15 03:11:11" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Given sense 3, I don't think that adverbial one is needed. Could be fewer senses - the splitting s rather fine.</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -88,8 +87,0 @@
-<pos>&adv;</pos>
-<misc>&uk;</misc>
-<misc>&sl;</misc>
-<gloss>ridiculously</gloss>
-<gloss>unusually</gloss>
-<gloss>exceptionally</gloss>
-</sense>
-<sense></upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2023-11-15 03:28:15" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Meant to do this as well.</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>馬鹿 7054362 98.9%
莫迦 77209 1.1% <- Koj, Daijr/s
破家 442 0.0%
馬稼 42 0.0%</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -13,0 +14 @@
+<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
@@ -18 +19 @@
-<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf>
@@ -23 +24 @@
-<ke_inf>&rK;</ke_inf>
+<ke_inf>&sK;</ke_inf></upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2023-11-15 11:32:05" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>I don't think "key" or "sense of smell" are particularly good examples for the gloss "malfunctioning".</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -65 +65 @@
-<gloss>malfunctioning (e.g. key, sense of smell, etc.)</gloss>
+<gloss>malfunctioning (e.g. key, sense of smell)</gloss></upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2023-11-15 11:44:47" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_refs>i agree, but virtually all kokugos use them as examples</upd_refs>
</audit>
<audit time="2023-11-16 01:06:13" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>GG5 uses smell as an example, but I don't think we need either.</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -65 +65 @@
-<gloss>malfunctioning (e.g. key, sense of smell)</gloss>
+<gloss>malfunctioning</gloss>
@@ -66,0 +67 @@
+<gloss>losing sensation</gloss></upd_diff>
</audit>
</info>
</entry>