<entry id="2276533" stat="A" corpus="jmdict" type="jmdict">
<ent_corp type="jmdict">jmdict</ent_corp>
<ent_seq>2826636</ent_seq>
<k_ele>
<keb>迦陵頻伽</keb>
</k_ele>
<k_ele>
<keb>迦陵頻迦</keb>
</k_ele>
<r_ele>
<reb>かりょうびんが</reb>
</r_ele>
<sense>
<pos>&n;</pos>
<field>&Buddh;</field>
<lsource xml:lang="san"/>
<gloss>kalavinka</gloss>
<gloss>imaginary bird in paradise that sings sweet notes</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<pos>&n;</pos>
<misc>&id;</misc>
<gloss>person or creature with a beautiful voice</gloss>
</sense>
<info>
<audit time="2015-01-29 23:29:55" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_refs>Daijr (迦陵頻伽]. GG5 (迦陵頻迦), N-grams (5:1)</upd_refs>
</audit>
<audit time="2015-02-02 09:40:15" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>rene</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Rene Malenfant</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>if memory serves, i think we have generally tended to avoid lsrc tags for 音写</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2015-02-02 09:50:23" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>We certainly use them for all those kanjified old Portuguese 外来語. 煙草/木乃伊/羅紗紙/襦袢/etc.
We have a lot of ex-Sanskrit transliterations tagged: 式叉摩那/釈迦/僧伽/奈落/etc. 
Am I missing something?</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2015-02-02 10:12:32" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>rene</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Rene Malenfant</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>i think many don't have those san: tags.  (i.e., i'm pretty sure i didn't include them on any sanskrit buddhist term i've ever added, though terms that others have added may have them).  kokugos treat them differently than gairaigo. i.e., written in hiragana, the language of origin is not written in the headword itself, etc.

=====
koj:
かりょうびんが【迦陵頻伽】
（梵語kalavika 妙音鳥・好声鳥などと意訳）
vs
ラシャ【raxa ポルトガル・羅紗】
=====
i'm fine however you want to handle it as long as there's some kind of 'policy' on it</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2015-02-02 10:15:39" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>rene</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Rene Malenfant</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_refs>re that:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%9D%A5%E8%AA%9E
英語などの音訳に漢字を当てたものは一般に外来語と見なされない。画廊 (gallery)、簿記（bookkeeping、あるいはbookingという説も）などがある。</upd_refs>
</audit>
<audit time="2015-02-04 00:31:30" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>Marcus</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>I think we should include the lsrc info for 音写 words and 
I actually wanted to take this up on the mailing list some 
time ago (but never got to it). I think it should make its 
way into policy.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2015-02-04 08:47:59" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>OK. I've added mention of 音写 to the Editorial Guidelines.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2022-08-10 08:12:40" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Adding yoji tags based on gakken, shinmeikai and-or jitenon
-*- via bulkupd.py -*-</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -15,0 +16 @@
+&lt;misc&gt;&amp;yoji;&lt;/misc&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2023-08-28 17:06:34" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Brian Krznarich</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Didn't seem like a name would be [yoji]...  If it is yoji, it would seem to be as in reference to a beautiful voice, not as the creature itself.  That would be a second sense, no?

I've edited the [expl] to include the bits central to the the metaphorical use.  That said, not all religious traditions agree on what this creature is precisely.

Sometimes "just a bird", but usually represented with the body of a bird and head/arms of a human. jitenon.jp shares this view, as does daijs. (i.e. the Japanese tradition)

Google search reveals mostly human+bird imagery.

Did we really gloss a religious figure as "imaginary"? :)  The kokugos do this too (想像上), but still... 

"sings sweet notes" seems like quite an understatement. (see refs)

Particularly interesting from wikipedia:
In Japanese text, it is sometimes written not phonetically, but under translated names myōonchō (妙音鳥, "exquisite sounding bird"),[3] kōonchō (好音鳥, "goodly sounding bird"),[3] among other rendered names.</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>https://yoji.jitenon.jp/yojie/2186.html
美しい声のたとえ。
または、美しい声を持っているもののたとえ。
...上半身は美しい女性、下半身が鳥の姿をしていて、美しい声で鳴くとされ、その声は仏の声のたとえとして使われる。
(while there are opinions on the human head or not, jitenon says "yes")

https://www.nichirenlibrary.org/en/dic/Content/K/9
kalavinka ［迦陵頻伽］ (;  karyōbinga): A bird said to possess a voice more beautiful and melodious than any other bird.
“Sage lord, heavenly being among heavenly beings, voiced like the kalavinka bird, you who pity and comfort living beings, we now pay you honor and reverence.” 
 some Buddhist art depicts it as having the body of a bird and a human head.


Wikipedia:
Kalaviṅka  is a fantastical immortal creature in Buddhism, with a human head and a bird's torso, with long flowing tail.[4]
The kalaviṅka is said to dwell in the Western pure land and is reputed to preach the Dharma with its fine voice.[4] I
...but in Japanese Buddhist art, it has been portrayed with an upper torso of a winged boddhisatva (i.e., having hands and arms), with a birdlike lower extremity.

Wikipedia page says used to refer to geisha, courtesans, etc. with a beautiful voice
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E9%99%B5%E9%A0%BB%E4%BC%BD
また、日本では美しい芸者や花魁（おいらん）、美声の芸妓を指してこの名で呼ぶこともあった。

http://koreantempleguide.com/gareungbinga-and-gongmyeongjo-kalavinka-and-jivamjivaka-%EA%B0%80%EB%A6%89%EB%B9%88%EA%B0%80-%EA%B3%B5%EB%AA%85%EC%A1%B0/#:~:text=The%20Sanskirt%20name%20of%20Kalavinka,described%20as%20having%20Buddha's%20voice.
The Sanskirt name of Kalavinka means “a beautiful sound” in English. And it’s believed that the Kalavinka has the most beautiful, the purest, and the most delicate of voices found in Buddhist texts. For this reason, the voice of the Kalavinka is often described as having Buddha’s voice.</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -15,0 +16,6 @@
+&lt;lsource xml:lang="san"/&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;Kalavinka&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss g_type="expl"&gt;mythological creature with a human head and a bird's torso, renowned for a voice more beautiful and delicate than any other&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;/sense&gt;
+&lt;sense&gt;
+&lt;pos&gt;&amp;n;&lt;/pos&gt;
@@ -17,3 +23 @@
-&lt;lsource xml:lang="san"/&gt;
-&lt;gloss&gt;kalavinka&lt;/gloss&gt;
-&lt;gloss&gt;imaginary bird in paradise that sings sweet notes&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;allusion to a person or creature with a beautiful voice&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2023-09-07 10:11:25" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>I prefer to keep it simple as in the GG5 version.</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>GG5: kalavinka; an imaginary bird in paradise that sings sweet notes, according to Buddhist sutras.</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -17,2 +17,2 @@
-&lt;gloss&gt;Kalavinka&lt;/gloss&gt;
-&lt;gloss g_type="expl"&gt;mythological creature with a human head and a bird's torso, renowned for a voice more beautiful and delicate than any other&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;kalavinka&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;imaginary bird in paradise that sings sweet notes&lt;/gloss&gt;
@@ -22,2 +22,2 @@
-&lt;misc&gt;&amp;yoji;&lt;/misc&gt;
-&lt;gloss&gt;allusion to a person or creature with a beautiful voice&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;misc&gt;&amp;id;&lt;/misc&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;person or creature with a beautiful voice&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
</info>
</entry>