<entry id="2354203" stat="A" corpus="jmdict" type="jmdict">
<ent_corp type="jmdict">jmdict</ent_corp>
<ent_seq>2029110</ent_seq>
<r_ele>
<reb>な</reb>
<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
</r_ele>
<r_ele>
<reb>なあ</reb>
<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
</r_ele>
<r_ele>
<reb>なー</reb>
<re_pri>spec1</re_pri>
</r_ele>
<r_ele>
<reb>なぁ</reb>
</r_ele>
<sense>
<stagr>な</stagr>
<pos>&prt;</pos>
<s_inf>prohibitive; used with dictionary form of verb</s_inf>
<gloss>don't</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<stagr>な</stagr>
<pos>&prt;</pos>
<xref type="see" seq="2192950">なさい</xref>
<misc>&abbr;</misc>
<s_inf>imperative; used with -masu stem of verb</s_inf>
<gloss>do</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<pos>&int;</pos>
<s_inf>used to get someone's attention or press one's point</s_inf>
<gloss>hey</gloss>
<gloss>listen</gloss>
<gloss>look</gloss>
<gloss>say</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<pos>&prt;</pos>
<s_inf>when seeking confirmation, for emphasis, etc.; used at sentence end</s_inf>
<gloss>now, ...</gloss>
<gloss>well, ...</gloss>
<gloss>I tell you!</gloss>
<gloss>you know</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<pos>&prt;</pos>
<s_inf>used to express admiration, emotionality, etc.; used at sentence end</s_inf>
<gloss>wow</gloss>
<gloss>ooh</gloss>
</sense>
<sense>
<pos>&prt;</pos>
<s_inf>used as a request for confirmation or agreement; used at sentence end</s_inf>
<dial>&ksb;</dial>
<gloss>right?</gloss>
<gloss>isn't it?</gloss>
<gloss>doesn't it?</gloss>
<gloss>don't you?</gloss>
<gloss>don't you think?</gloss>
</sense>
<info>
<audit time="2005-03-05 00:00:00" stat="A">
<upd_detl>Entry created</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2018-01-19 21:17:16" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>A first attempt to improve this entry. It probably needs 
some work, still, not least to add the various meanings it 
can have in ksb...</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>chujiten</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -10 +10,2 @@
-&lt;gloss&gt;(sentence end, mainly masc.) indicates emotion or emphasis&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;prohibitive; used with dictionary form verb&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;don't&lt;/gloss&gt;
@@ -14,3 +15,2 @@
-&lt;misc&gt;&amp;abbr;&lt;/misc&gt;
-&lt;s_inf&gt;from なさい&lt;/s_inf&gt;
-&lt;gloss&gt;(used with masu stem verb) command&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;imperative; used with masu stem verb&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;do&lt;/gloss&gt;
@@ -20 +20,18 @@
-&lt;gloss&gt;(used with dictionary form verb) prohibition&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;hey&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;listen&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;you&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;/sense&gt;
+&lt;sense&gt;
+&lt;pos&gt;&amp;prt;&lt;/pos&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;when seeking confirmation, for emphasis, etc.; used at sentence end&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;now&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;/sense&gt;
+&lt;sense&gt;
+&lt;pos&gt;&amp;prt;&lt;/pos&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;used to express admiration, emotionality, etc.; used at sentence end&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;wow&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;o&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2018-03-01 02:52:18" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>What's happened to the former sense 1? It has an example sentence and there's an xref pointing to it.</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -21 +21 @@
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;
@@ -34 +34 @@
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2018-03-01 17:33:51" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Senses 4 and 5.</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -20,2 +20,2 @@
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;
-&lt;xref type="see"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ・1&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ・1&lt;/xref&gt;
@@ -33,2 +33,2 @@
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;
-&lt;xref type="see"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ・1&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ・1&lt;/xref&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2018-03-02 09:19:24" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Having trouble seeing it. There are 200+ sentences for the former sense 1, e.g. 
「相変わらず短気だな」麗華の拳をいなしながら言う。"Short tempered as ever." He said while dodging Reika's fist. 
「金なら貸さないからな」、俺はにべもなく言った。"If it's money then I'm not lending any" I said point blank. 
I can't see then fitting senses 4 or 5, but they're fine for the old sense 1.
(Something odd going on with xrefs.)</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -20,2 +20 @@
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ・1&lt;/xref&gt;
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ・1&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;
@@ -33,2 +31,0 @@
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ・1&lt;/xref&gt;
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ・1&lt;/xref&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2018-03-02 17:08:19" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>But sense 1 was previously literally just 
"emotionality/emphasis". "emphasis" is in 
sense 4 and "emotionality" is in sense 5.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2018-03-02 18:30:51" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>robin1354</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Robin Scott</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>I just don't think it's helpful to translate a particle like this (perhaps with the exception of sense 1).
I don't associate "do" with imperative sentences and I think it's impossible to come up with translations for senses 4 and 5. I can't see how "now", "wow" and "o" would aid with translation or understanding.
Since we can't just have notes, I'd make [expl] glosses out of the notes.</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -19 +19 @@
-&lt;pos&gt;&amp;prt;&lt;/pos&gt;
+&lt;pos&gt;&amp;int;&lt;/pos&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2018-03-02 22:31:40" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>OK. I'll approve to lock in this order and fix examples, and then reopen. I've suggested some extra glosses for 4 which match what I'm seeing.</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -28 +28,4 @@
-&lt;gloss&gt;now&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;now, ...&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;well, ...&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;I tell you!&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;you know&lt;/gloss&gt;
@@ -34 +37 @@
-&lt;gloss&gt;o&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;ooh&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2018-03-02 22:32:44" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Reopening.
In a forked edit Marcus commented:
I don't see how the [expl] glosses would be different from
the notes, though...? I mean, if they are notes on usage,
they should be in the notes. I've said it before on the
mailing list though; I think we should let through senses
which have notes but no gloss into the database.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2018-03-29 02:16:24" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>Marcus</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>So to clarify my stance, I don't disagree with Robin that 
it's kind of dubious how helpful these glosses really are, 
but I prefer having them to moving what I think should 
obviously be usage notes to expl. I think we should try and 
be as consistent with our expl/note usage as possible.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2018-03-30 02:58:47" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>OK, let's close it for now.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2020-05-21 23:24:50" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Nicolas Maia</upd_name>
<upd_refs>https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2707/using-%E3%81%AA-in-positive-instead-of-negative-imperative-e-g-%E8%A1%8C%E3%81%8D%E3%81%AA</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -14,0 +15,2 @@
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="2192950"&gt;なさい&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;misc&gt;&amp;abbr;&lt;/misc&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2020-05-22 08:23:21" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Until 2018 there was a "from なさい" note,</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2020-05-22 14:05:50" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>I don't think it should be tagged as abbr (and I don't think the xref to なさい is helpful).
daijr for example says 〔補助動詞「なさる」の命令の言い方「なさい」を省略したものから
なさい is the etymology, it's not right to say it's an actual abbreviation of it today.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2020-05-22 21:10:34" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>I'd missed the addition of "abbr"; I agree it's not. I'd prefer a note about なさい, as there 
was earlier. Reinstate and remove xref?</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -16 +15,0 @@
-&lt;misc&gt;&amp;abbr;&lt;/misc&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2020-06-19 23:09:55" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Well, I've implemented my suggestion from last month. OK?</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -15,2 +15 @@
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="2192950"&gt;なさい&lt;/xref&gt;
-&lt;s_inf&gt;imperative; used with masu stem verb&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;imperative (from なさい); used with masu stem verb&lt;/s_inf&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2020-06-20 00:25:57" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Nicolas (forked comment): "I'm ok with Marcus's suggestion."
Please note that comments and amendments MUST be attached to the most recent addition. Attaching a comment to an earlier one creates a "fork" in the flow of amendments, which can only be resolved by rejecting a branch.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2020-06-20 11:24:08" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Nicolas Maia</upd_name>
<upd_detl>Just to be clear, I don't do it on purpose.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2020-06-20 16:12:58" stat="A">
<upd_uid>Marcus</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>Nicolas: No worries.
Jim: looks better.</upd_detl>
</audit>
<audit time="2020-08-25 07:06:56" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_diff>@@ -15 +15 @@
-&lt;s_inf&gt;imperative (from なさい); used with masu stem verb&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;imperative (from なさい); used with -masu stem of verb&lt;/s_inf&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2021-10-30 08:03:24" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_uid>Marcus</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>suggest merging in なあ as it can be used for 3 out of 5 senses here.

adding one ksb sense also (though there's more), copied it from ね</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/44f25ca79e3a0c1195675b0c24c26bbb943f4fc1
なんかあっという間に終わったなあっていう、何も感じなかったっていうのが正直な感想。</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -7,0 +8,8 @@
+&lt;r_ele&gt;
+&lt;reb&gt;なあ&lt;/reb&gt;
+&lt;re_pri&gt;spec1&lt;/re_pri&gt;
+&lt;/r_ele&gt;
+&lt;r_ele&gt;
+&lt;reb&gt;なー&lt;/reb&gt;
+&lt;re_pri&gt;spec1&lt;/re_pri&gt;
+&lt;/r_ele&gt;
@@ -8,0 +17 @@
+&lt;stagr&gt;な&lt;/stagr&gt;
@@ -13,0 +23 @@
+&lt;stagr&gt;な&lt;/stagr&gt;
@@ -20,2 +29,0 @@
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;
-&lt;xref type="see" seq="2100620"&gt;なあ&lt;/xref&gt;
@@ -38,0 +47,10 @@
+&lt;/sense&gt;
+&lt;sense&gt;
+&lt;pos&gt;&amp;prt;&lt;/pos&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;at sentence end; used as a request for confirmation or agreement&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;dial&gt;&amp;ksb;&lt;/dial&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;right?&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;isn't it?&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;doesn't it?&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;don't you?&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;don't you think?&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2021-11-01 00:42:10" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_refs>https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/663842052fda2bba03b7dc8a247d5afad9653f97
"真面目だったなぁ。"</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -14,0 +15,3 @@
+&lt;/r_ele&gt;
+&lt;r_ele&gt;
+&lt;reb&gt;なぁ&lt;/reb&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2021-11-01 09:39:44" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
</audit>
<audit time="2021-11-01 10:50:59" stat="A">
<upd_uid>Marcus</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Marcus Richert</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>aligning w other senses
(but not sure which is best)</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -53 +53 @@
-&lt;s_inf&gt;at sentence end; used as a request for confirmation or agreement&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;used as a request for confirmation or agreement; used at sentence end&lt;/s_inf&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2021-12-02 01:14:36" stat="A">
<upd_uid>robin1354</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Robin Scott</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>From deleted entry.</upd_detl>
<upd_diff>@@ -32,0 +33 @@
+&lt;s_inf&gt;used to get someone's attention or press one's point&lt;/s_inf&gt;
@@ -35 +36,2 @@
-&lt;gloss&gt;you&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;look&lt;/gloss&gt;
+&lt;gloss&gt;say&lt;/gloss&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2025-12-11 09:51:59" stat="A" unap="true">
<upd_name>Sombrero1</upd_name>
<upd_detl>I think we could just have the [abbr] tag and an xref to なさい. Makes the note tidier.

Also, we have "..." in the sense two gloss in なさい and なよ. Should they be added here or be removed on those two?</upd_detl>
<upd_refs>Meikyo: 「なさい」の略。多く男性が親しい間柄で使う。
Sankoku: ⑦〔←なさい〕〔動詞の連用形＋━〕〔話〕</upd_refs>
<upd_diff>@@ -22 +22 @@
-&lt;s_inf&gt;prohibitive; used with dictionary form verb&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;prohibitive; used with dictionary form of verb&lt;/s_inf&gt;
@@ -28 +28,3 @@
-&lt;s_inf&gt;imperative (from なさい); used with -masu stem of verb&lt;/s_inf&gt;
+&lt;xref type="see" seq="2192950"&gt;なさい&lt;/xref&gt;
+&lt;misc&gt;&amp;abbr;&lt;/misc&gt;
+&lt;s_inf&gt;imperative; used with -masu stem of verb&lt;/s_inf&gt;</upd_diff>
</audit>
<audit time="2025-12-12 07:14:32" stat="A">
<upd_uid>jwb</upd_uid>
<upd_name>Jim Breen</upd_name>
<upd_email>...address hidden...</upd_email>
<upd_detl>OK</upd_detl>
</audit>
</info>
</entry>